Nasr M. Abd El-Razek, Salwa A. Hegazy, Hanaa M. Shalan, Wael M. Safwat And Niveen A. El-Wakeel,

ABSTRACT
Objective: To Evaluate And Compare In Vivo The Remineralization And The Antibacterial Effects Of Grape Seed Extract, Chitosan , Fluoride, Chlorhexidine And Placebo Varnishes. Methods: One Hundred And Seventy Children Of Both Sexes With A Mean Age Of 9.6�0.99 Years Were Randomly Enrolled Into Five Equal Groups According To The Type Of The Received Varnish; Each Group Consisted Of 34 Children (G1. Fluoride Group, G2. Grape Seed Extract Group, G3. Chlorhexidine Group, G4. Chitosan Group And G5. Control Group). After Sample Allocation; Modified Bitewing Radiographs Were Recorded Only For Children Who Were Subjected To Fluoride & Grape Seed Extract Varnishes And For The Control Group To Determine The Surface Area And Density Of Carious Lesions. Saliva Samples Were Taken For Each Child To Determine The Total Mutans Streptococci Counts (streptococcus Mutans And Streptococcus Sobrinus) To Assess The Antibacterial Effect Of All The Studied Varnishes. The Study Lasted For 12 Months Starting From The First Varnish Application.

Results: There Were Statistically Significant Decreased Values In Carious Lesion Density Of G5 At The Different Follow Up Periods (124.19�35.38, 117.68�29.54, 117.26�20.58, 115.38�17.47) And Statistically Significant Increased Values At 9 And 12 Months Of G2 (156.65�27.23, 157.45�25.80) Compared To Baseline Values. The Total Mutans Streptococci Counts Showed A Statistically Significant Decreased Values In G3 At 3, 6 And 9 Months (244.82�337.75, 264.16�209.16, 459.77�525.60 Cfu) And In G4 At 3 Months Only (124.33�96.42 Cfu) While, There Were A Statistically Significant Increased Values In G2 And G5 At 12 Months Only (556.06�579.04, 486.19�733.75 Cfu Respectively) Compared To Baseline Values. Significance: Grape Seed Extract Had A Significant Remineralizing Effect On Dentine Caries And Chlorhexidine Varnish Had A High Significant Antibacterial Effect.