Islam M. Heiba , Marwa E. Sabet And Ahmed M. Osama,

ABSTRACT


Purpose: The Purpose Of This Study Was To Evaluate Which Treatment Modality Is Better Regarding The Amount Of Forces Transmitted To The Implant And Posterior Side Of The Ridge During Vertical And Oblique Loading Either Making:-Biohpp Bar-retained Implant-supported Overdenture Or -Biohpp Implant-retained Fixed Bridge.

Materials and Methods: Two Experimental Mandibular Prosthesis Supported By Dental Implants Were Constructed For This Study On Acrylic Model. The First Design Consisted Of Mandibular Overdentures Supported By CAD CAM BioHPP Milled Interconnecting Bar With Resilient Bar/clip Attachment. The Second Design Consisted Of BioHPP Implant Supported Fixed Bridge. The Implant Bridge Was Milled Using CAD CAM Technology In Cut Pack Design Framework And Was Veneered With Special Material. Acrylic Experimental Mandibular Model With Four Implants Was Used For This Study. This Model Replicates The Anatomic Features Of The Lower Edentulous Jaw And The Mucosa Covering The Ridge. Four Channel Strain Meter Was Used To Asses And Record The Strains Induced To The Distal Abutments And Residual Ridge. The Two Experimental Designs Were Submitted To Unilateral Vertical And Oblique Load; Then Evaluated For Stress Analysis Using Strain Guage Analysis. ANOVA And Student T-test Were Used To Analyze The Data.

Results: One-Way ANOVA Revealed That There Was A Significant Difference In Strain Values Between Unilateral Vertical And Oblique Load Applications. The Greatest Strain Values Were Recorded At Loading Side Of Implants During Unilateral Load Application, While The Lowest Values Were Recorded At The Non Loading Side. Conclusion: Selection Of The Design Whether Bar Attachment Or Fixed Bridge Depends Upon The Health Remaining Residual Ridge As: Fixed Bridge Decrease The Load On The Loaded Ridge And Increase The Stress On The Loaded Implants While Bar Attachment Decrease The Load On The Loaded Implants And This Was On Favor To The Health Of The Ridge.

Nada A. Al-Morshedy, Eman A. Shakal, Ibrahim R. El-Torky And Lobna A. El-Gamma,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Objective Of This Study Was To Compare The Platform- Switched And Non-platform Switched Implants For Complete Implant Assisted Mandibular Overdenture In Controlled Type II Diabetic Patients Clinically And Radiographically.

Materials and Methods: Ten Controlled Type II Diabetic Male Patients Were Selected For This Study. Split Mouth Study Design Was Used In This Study Where, Group I Represented The Right Side Of The Patients� Mandibular Interforamenal Region Restored With Platform-switched Implant And Group II Represented The Left Side Of The Patients� Mandibular Interforamenal Region Restored With Non-platform Implants. The Patients Received Complete Mandibular Assisted Overdenture With O-ring Attachment. Clinical And Radiographic Evaluations Were Carried Out For Every Patient At Regular Recall Visits At The Time Of Insertion, 6, 12 And 18 Months. At The End Of The Study, All Implants Of Both Groups Were Successfully Osseointegrated. The Data Of This Study Were Collected, Tabulated And Statistically Analyzed By IBM-SPSS Statistics Software (Independent T-test Samples). There Were Insignificant Differences Between Both Groups Regarding Plaque Index, Bleeding Index, Pocket Depth And Stability Of The Implants. Radiographically, There Were Significant Differences In The Mandibular Bone Density At The Bone Implant Interface And Marginal Bone Loss Between Both Groups. Group I Implants Represented Less Marginal Bone Loss And Higher Bone Density Than Group II Implants. Conclusion: Platform-Switched Dental Implant Is The Implant Of Choice Particularly In Controlled Type II Diabetic Patients To Control Marginal Bone Loss Around Implants.

Hanan Omar Abo-Alrejal, Hoda Abdel Kader And Omniya Abu El-Dahab,

ABSTRACT


Aim: To Evaluate The Accuracy Of Cone-beam Computed Tomography Versus Photostimulated Phosphor Plate In Detection Of Dental Root Fractures. Methods: Sixty-six Extracted Human Mandibular (28 Anterior And 38 Posterior) Teeth Were Included In This Study. Teeth Were Divided Into Two Groups: First Group (33 Teeth): The Control Group (non-fractured Teeth) And The Second Group (33 Teeth): The Induced Fracture Group. The Second Group Was Divided Into 3 Equal Subgroups Each Of Which Had 11 Teeth With Induced Horizontal, Vertical And Oblique Root Fractures Respectively. After Induction Of RFs, The Fractured And Non-fractured Teeth Were Coded By Numbers From 1 To 66 Using Black Pen And Then All The Teeth Were Recorded According To The Presence Or Absence Of Fracture And The Type Of The Fracture. Inlay Wax Was Then Added Around The Roots Of All Teeth Within The Sockets Of The Dry Human Mandibles. All Teeth Were Then Radiographed Using Two Techniques: Digital Radiographs Were Taken Using Digora Optime ) Soredex, Tuusula, Finland) Size 2 PSP Plate And A Standard Dental X-ray Unit And CBCT Images Were Taken Using Planmeca CBCT Unit.

Results: The Sensitivity Of The CBCT Regarding The Detection Of Fracture Lines (75.27%) Was Greater Than That For The PSP Plate (68.81%). The Specificity Of The CBCT (91.39%) Was Greater Than That For The PSP Plate (specificity =73.11%). Conclusion: CBCT Images Have Higher Sensitivity And Specificity In Detecting The Different Types Of RFs Vertical, Horizontal Or Oblique Root Fractures Compared To PSP Plate. CBCT Are More Accurate Than PSP Plate In Detection Of Vertical, Horizontal And Oblique Root Fractures.

Ahmed A. Youssif , Magdy M. Ali , Yasser F. Hussien And Mohammed M. Katia,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Purpose Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Effect Of Herbal Irrigation (Green Tea Extract And Garlic Extract) On Micro Hardness Of Root Canal Dentin.

Materials and Methods: Twenty Human Single Rooted Mandibular Premolars Were Decoronated, The Root Length Was Determined. Instrumentation Was Done Using Revo S Rotary Files, Samples Were Divided Into Four Groups; Two Experimental Groups Of 7n Each (n = 7) And Two Control Groups (positive And Negative) Of 3 In Each (n = 3) According To The Irrigants Used During And After Instrumentation. Group I: Green Tea Extract, Group II: Garlic Extract, Group III: Sodium Hypochlorite 5.25% And EDTA 17% (positive Control), Group IV: Distilled Water (negative Control). The Roots Were Split Longitudinally And Prepared To Measure Dentin Microhardness. Quantitative Data Presented By Mean And SD,�Friedman Test, Mannwhiteny Test And Kruskal Wall Is Test Were Used.

Results: The Highest Microhardness Values Were Recorded For Distilled Water Followed By Green Tea And Garlic Extracts Respectively And The Lowest Values Were Given By Sodium Hypochlorite With EDTA. There Was Statistically Non-significant Difference Between Garlic Extract And Sodium Hypochlorite With EDTA On Microhardness Of The Root Canal.

Conclusions: It Was Concluded That The Use Of Herbal Extracts As Irrigant Regimen Will Not Hamper The Root Dentin Microhardness When Compared With Conventional Irrigations Regimens.

Yasmin Farouk, Amina Mohamed Hamdy And Ahmed Ezzat Sabet,

ABSTRACT


Purpose: This Study Evaluated The Influence Of Different Surface Conditioners On The Push-out Bond Strength Between A Glass Fiber Post Surface And Self-adhesive Resin Cement. Methods: Twenty-one Sound, Single Rooted Canines Were Selected And Were Endodontically Treated Using Protaper Rotary System And Post Space Preparation Was Performed. Twenty-one Glass Fiber Posts (Glassix-Plus, Nordin) Were Divided Into Three Groups According To Different Surface Treatments Subjected To Glass Fiber Posts: Group 1: No Treatment And Silane Application Only (G1); Group 2: Immersion In 95% Ethyl Alcohol For 10 Minutes Followed By Silane Application (G2); Group 3: Immersion In 20% H2O2 For 10 Minutes Followed By Silane Application (G3). Self-adhesive Resin Cement (G-Cem) Was Used For Cementation Of The Glass Fiber Posts To The Root Canal Dentin. Two Slices ( Coronal And Middle Sections) Of 2 Mm Thick Were Sectioned From Each Root Using ISOMET Machine. A Universal Testing Machine Was Used With A Cross-head Speed Of 1 Mm/minute For Performing The Push Out Bond Strength Tests. Two-way ANOVA And Tukey Post Hoc Tests Were Used For Analyzing Data (?=0.05). The Effect Of Different Root Section Location On The Push-out Bond Strength Of Self-adhesive Resin Cement Was Also Evaluated. Failure Mode Of Root Sections Were Then Examined Under Stereomicroscope (50X Magnification) After Dislodgment Of Fiber Posts.

Results: ANOVA Indicated Significant Differences Among Surface Treatments (p<0.05). Regarding The Effect Of Post Surface Treatment Regardless Of Other Variables, The Results Revealed That Both Groups G3 And G2 Had A Significant Higher Bond Strength Values Than Group G1 , While There Is No Significant Statistical Difference Between Groups G2 And G3 . Group G1 Had Lowest Bond Strength Values Among Other Groups (p<0.05). Regarding The Effect Of Root Section Location Regardless Of Other Variables, The Results Revealed That Middle Third Root Section Showed A Significant Higher Bond Strength Values Than Coronal Third Root Section. SEM Analysis Showed Mixed And Adhesive Types Of Failure In All Groups. Hypothesis: The Use Of Different Surface Treatment Could Improve The Chemical-mechanical Interaction Between Fiber Posts And Resin Cements, Thus Improving The Performance Of Clinical Application Of These Materials In Endodontic Treated Teeth. Clinical Significance: Within The Parameters Of This Study, The Bonding Capability Of Self-adhesive Resin Cements To Glass Fiber Posts Were Affected By Different Post Surface Pre-treatments. Post Surfaces Treated With 20% H2O2or 95% Ethyl Alcohol Showed Significantly Stronger Bond Interactions To Self-adhesive Resin Cement Than Those Only Treated With Silane Application.

Sara Yossri Ahmed, Ibrahim Hassan El Kalla And Salwa Mohamad Awad,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Evaluate The Effect Of Air Abrasion With Different Class III Cavity Restored With Composite On Tensile Failure Load. Method: 40 Extracted Primary Incisors Were Selected Then Mounted In Self-cured Acrylic Resin In PVC Molds. Standard Cavity Preparations Were Prepared. Teeth Were Divided, According To Preparation Technique, Into Four Groups Of 10 Teeth Each. Group A (conventional Class III Cavity), Group B (modified Class III Cavity With 0.5 Mm Labial Bevel), Group C (conventional Class III Cavity With Air Abrasion), Group D (beveled Class III Cavity With Air Abrasion). Group C And D, Treated By An Air Abrasive System Using 50 �m Aluminum Oxide Particles Stream Perpendicularly To The Surface. Then Restored With Composite And St St Wire Was Looped And Embedded In Composite. The Retention Force Were Tested By Universal Testing Machine The Wire Were Grasped With Machine Jigs And Standard Load Will Be Applied Via The Wire To The Restoration At A Head Speed Of 1 Mm/minute Until Restoration Failure.

Results: Comparison Of The Mean Value Observed For All Of The Studied Groups Shows Statistically Significant Difference Between Group A And C (P=0.005), High Significant Difference Between Group A And B (P < 0.001), Between Group A And D (P < 0.001). Group B Shows High Significance Difference With Group C (P<0.001), And Significant Difference With Group D (P=0.002). Group C Shows High Significance Difference With Group D ( P < 0.001). Group D Showed The Highest Mean Tensile Failure Load . Conclusion: Labial Bevel With Air Abrasion Increase Retention Of Class III Composite Restorations.

Hussein Maamoun Hariri, Ibrahim Hassan El-Kalla And Rizk Abd Alla El-Agamy,

ABSTRACT


Introduction: The Present Study Was Undertaken To Assess The Effect Of Different Milk Product On Sound And Incipient Carious Enamel Microhardness Of Primary Teeth By Observing The Tooth Surface Using A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).

Materials and Methods: This Study Was Carried Out On Freshly Extracted Eighty Four Sound Human Primary Molars Free From Any Signs Of Cracks And Caries Using A Reflected Light Microscope. The Teeth Were Cut In Mesio-distal Direction Through The Center Of Each Tooth. The Teeth Halves Were Equally Divided Into Seven Main Groups According To The Type Of Milk Used; Group I: For Deionized Water (control), Group II: For Almarai Full Fat Milk, Group III: For Juhainna Milk With Banana Flavor, Group IV: For Juhainna Milk With Chocolate Flavor, Group V: For Beyti Chocolate Milk, Group VI: For Beyti Banana Milk And Group VII: For Labanita Fat Free Milk. Each Group Was Subdivided Into Two Subgroups, Subgroup A For Testing The Effect Of Milk On Sound Enamel And Subgroup B For Testing The Effect Of Milk On Incipient Carious Lesion. A Window Was Made On Ligual Or Buccal Surface And Demineralizing Solution Was Prepared. The Enamel Specimens Were Exposed To Various Milk Products For 10 Min Twice Daily And Microhardness Was Measured, 200g Load Was Applied For 10 Seconds And The Significance Of Difference Was Statistically Analyzed At (p ? 0.05). Selected Enamel Specimens Were Evaluated Before And After Exposure To Milk Products By Scanning Electron Microscope.

Results: The Microhardness Measurments Showed That There Were Statistically Significant Differences Before And After Immersion Of The Enamel Specimens In The Different Types Of Milk For 10 Min Twice Daily. All Types Of Milk Showed An Increase In Enamel Microhardness. These Effects Were Visualized By Scanning Electron Microscope. Conclusion: This Study Revealed That All Tested Milk Products Cause Enamel Hardening And Remineralize Incipient Carious Lesion. This Highlights Once Again The Importance Of Milk And Its Essential Nutritive Values. Thus Children Should Be Encouraged To Drink Milk.

Haytham F. El-Fawal , Medhat A. Qataya And Hayam Y. Hassan,

ABSTRACT
Aim Of The Study: Evaluated The Effect Of Moisture On The Apical Seal Using Dye Extraction Method For Three Resin-based Sealers: 1- Endorez Sealer /EndoRez Points. 2- RealSeal SE Sealer /Resilon Points. 3- AH Plus Sealer / Gutta Percha Points.

Materials and Methods: Seventy Teeth Were Selected Where Ten Teeth Served As Positive And Negative Control Group. The Remaining Teeth Were Divided Into Two Main Groups According To Moisture Condition (Dry, Wet). Each Group Was Subdivided According To The Sealer Type Used Into Three Sub-groups In Which The First Subgroup Were Obturated With EndoRez Sealer, The Second Subgroup By RealSeal SE, The Third Subgroup By AH-Plus Sealer.

Results: The Results Showed That There Was A Significant Difference Between Dry And Wet Condition In Each Sealer (P < 0.05). Also In The Dry Condition There Was A Significant Difference Between Realseal SE And AH- Plus Sealer (P < 0.05) , While There Was No Significant Difference Between The Other Groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: -Drying Of The Root Canals Prior Obturation Even With Hydrophilic Resin Sealers As Wet Canal Condition Would Represent Extreme Experimental Scenarios That Should Be Avoided In The Clinical Situation. -The RealSeal SE/Resilon Root Canal Obturation System Provide Better Seal Due To The Ability Of Forming Monoblock Obturation.

Rokiya Mansour Mohamad Alshibi, Radwa Mohsen Omera And Moustafa Abdou Elsyad,

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate, The Effect Of Different Degrees Of Distal Implants Inclination On The Retention And Stability Of Two-implant Mandibular Overdenture With Locator Attachments.

Materials and Methods: Four Duplicated Clear Acrylic Experimental Models Were Constructed. The Models Were Covered By Resilient Silicone To Simulate The Oral Mucosa. In The Canine Regions Of Each Model, Two Recesses Were Prepared With Following Degrees Of Distal Implant Inclination: Group I (0 O ,control), Group II ( 5 O), Group III(10 O), And Group IV (20 O). Four Acrylic, Metal Reinforced Overdenture Was Fabricated And Connected To The Implants Using Locator Attachments. Using The Universal Testing Machine, Vertically Oriented 4 Points Tensile Loads Was Applied To A Metal Plate Attached To The Model With 4 Metal Chains Until The Attachments Separated From The Abutments.The Initial Retentive Force(maximum Dislodging Force) And Final Retention After 540 Cycles Of Insertions And Removals Were Measured For Each Group.

Results: For Initial Retentive Forces And Retentive Forces After Repeated Insertions And Removals, 5 Degree Inclination Recorded The Highest Retentive Forces, Followed By 10 Degrees, Then 0 Degrees And 20 Degrees Recorded The Lowest Retention Values. Locator Transparent Recorded The Highest Retentive Forces, Followed By Locator Pink, Locator Green, Locator Blue And Locator Red Recorded The Lowest Retention Values. Conclusion: Comparing Nylon Inserts, Transparent Inserts Are Recommended To Retain Overdentures With Parallel(0?) And Distal Implant Inclination With A Slight Degree(5?), While For A High Degree Of Inclination (20?), Blue And Pink Inserts Are Recommended Instead Of Transparent Inserts.

Radwa Sameeh Emara, Hend Abou El Nasr And Randa Elboghdadi,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Purpose Of This Randomized Clinical Study Was To Evaluate The Impact Of Occlusal Reduction On The Incidences Of Post-instrumentation And Post-obturation Pain. Subjects And Methods: Forty Four Patients Were Included In This Study. Inclusion Criteria Were Posterior Mandibular Teeth Having Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis And Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis. Patients Were Randomized Into Two Equal Groups. In The Intervention Group The Functional And Nonfunctional Cusps Were Reduced Until Absence Of Contact Was Confirmed, While In The Control Group The Occlusal Surfaces Were Left Intact. Standard Endodontic Treatment Was Performed In Two Visits Using Rotary Nickel Titanium Files For Shaping, 2.5% Sodium Hypochlorite For Cleaning And Lateral Condensation Technique With Resin Sealer For Obturation. Pain Was Assessed Preoperatively, Then After 6, 12, 24 And 48 Hours Following Instrumentation, Then After 6 And 12 Hours Following Obturation. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Was Used As The Primary Outcome Measure. Patients Were Given A Placebo To Be Administrated In Case Of Severe Pain And Ibuprofen 400mg Was Prescribed In Case Of Persistent Pain. Incidence Of Placebo And Analgesic Intake Was Regarded As The Secondary Outcome. Chi-square And Fisher Exact Tests Were Used To Compare Categorical Data.

Results: The Incidence Of Pain Was Lower In The Intervention Group At All Follow-up Periods. The Difference Between The Two Groups Was Significant At 6 Hours Following Instrumentation. There Was No Significant Difference In Incidences Of Neither Placebo Nor Analgesic Intake Between The Two Groups.

Conclusions: Occlusal Reduction Could Be A Simple Effective Strategy For Controlling Postoperative Pain Incidence Following Root Canal Treatment In Symptomatic Posterior Teeth Having Pulpitis And Apical Periodontitis..

Ahmed Helmy Salama, Moushira Dahaba, Amira Fares And Mohamed Sherif,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Aim Of The Present Work Was To Study The Effect Of Anticancer Drugs On Enamel Structure, Using Scanning Electron Microscope And Digora X-ray System. Material & Methods: 30 Male Albino Rats, Aged 30 Days And Weighing 80 G Each Have Been Used In This Study, They Were Divided Into 3 Groups (10 Rats Each), Group I (control), Group II (vinblastine Group) And Group III (Taxotere Group). Vinblastine And Taxotere Were Given As A Single Intravenous Dose (4 Mg/kg) Via The Tail Vein. All Groups Were Further Subdivided Into 2 Subgroups A And B (5 Rats Each) And Were Sacrificed After 1 And 3 Weeks Respectively By Carbon Dioxide Inhalation. In Each Specific Time, The Mandible From Each Rat Was Removed And Sectioned Into Two Halves. The Incisors Cleaned Gently By Water For A Few Seconds. From Gingival Margin, Segment Of Lenght 2.8 Mm Were Measured And Dissected, Which Represent The Erupted Part Per Week. The Same Was Done For Three Weeks Groups. The Specimens Were Examined By Scanning Electron Microscope From Both Surface And Cross Section For Evaluating The Morphological Changes In The Enamel Surface And By Digora X- Ray For Evaluating The Enamel Density Of The Experimental Groups.

Results: Scanning Electron Microscope Of The Both Vinblastine And Taxotere Groups Revealed That, Variable Defective Pattrens In One-week Subgroup The Enamel Surface Showed Different Defects As Honeycomb Pattern, Variable Size Globules And Cracks. While In Three Weeks Subgroup The Enamel Surface Showed Larger Defects As Increase In The Honeycomb Pattern And More Pronounced Cracks. Statistical Analysis Results Of The Digora X Ray Measurements Revealed That, A Statistically Significant Difference Between The Control Group And The Both Vinblastine (one & Three Weeks) And Taxotere (one & Three Weeks) Subgroups. Conclusion: Both Vinblastine And Taxotere Caused Morphological Defects In The Enamel Structure. Both Drugs Caused Reduction In The Enamel Density. Vinblastine Causes Decrease In Enamel Density More Than Taxotere As Revealed By Digora X Ray System.

Mina A. Shenouda , Siza Y. Zakhari And Wafaa A. O. Segari,

ABSTRACT


Aim: The Aim Of The Current Study Was To Compare The Efficiency Of Three Single File NiTi Instruments: ProTaper F2, WaveOne Primary And One Shape In Terms Of Canal Preparation Time In Simulated Curved Canals. Methods: Sixty Endo-training Blocks (Endo Training-Bloc, Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) With Embedded Simulated Curved Canals Were Used In This Study. The Blocks Were Divided Into Three Equal Groups According To The File Used: ProTaper F2 In Reciprocation, WaveOne Primary In Reciprocation And One Shape New Generation 25/0.06 In Continuous Rotation. The Simulated Canals Were Prepared Till Reaching The Full Working Length And Canal Preparation Time Was Calculated.

Results: One Shape Files Showed The Shortest Time For Canal Preparation (28.60 � 3.29 Seconds) Followed By WaveOne Primary (62.24 � 5.31 Seconds) And Finally ProTaper F2 Files (97.33 � 11.62 Seconds). There Was A Statistically Significant Difference Between The Three Groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Within The Limitations Of The Current Study, One Shape Files Used In Continuous Rotation Provided A Faster Canal Preparation In Comparison To ProTaper F2 And WaveOne Primary Files Used In Reciprocation.

Safa B. M. Alawy, Eman M. El Shourbagy And Safaa A. Ghobashy,

ABSTRACT
Aim Of The Work: The Aim Of This In Vitro Study Was To Evaluate The Effects Of Recycling And Repeated Recycling With Erbium: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er:YAG) Laser On Shear Bond Strength And Surface Characteristics Of Stainless Steel Orthodontic Brackets.

Materials and Methods: Ninety Extracted Upper First Premolars And Ninety Stainless Steel Brackets Were Used For This Study. The Brackets Were Bonded To The Premolars And Were Randomly Divided Into Three Groups Of 30 Teeth/each: Group I (control), Group II (brackets Debonded And Recycled One Time Using Er:YAG Laser), And Group III (brackets Debonded And Recycled Two Times Using Er:YAG Laser). Twenty Samples From Group II And III Were Rebonded Again To The Same Re-prepared Enamel. Sixty Bonded Samples (20/each Group) Were Subjected To Shear Bond Strength Testing Using Universal Testing Machine. The Shear Bond Strength Data Were Analyzed With One-way ANOVA Test, Followed By Tukey�s Test. The Bracket/adhesive Failure Modes Were Scored As Adhesive Remnant Index. The Chi-square Test Was Used To Evaluate Statistical Differences In The Adhesive Remnant Index Scores Among Groups. Ten Debonded Brackets From Each Group Were Examined Under A Scanning Electron Microscope To Identify The Surface Characteristics Of The Brackets� Mesh.

Results: The Results Of This Study Demonstrated That The Mean Shear Bond Strength Of All Groups Were More Than That Recommended For Successful Orthodontic Bonding, There Was No Significant Difference Between Group I And Group II (P>0.05). Repeated Recycled Brackets (group III) Had Significantly Lower Shear Bond Strength (P?0.001) Than Other Groups. Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis Showed Maximal Removal Of Adhesive From The Brackets Recycled One Time With Er:YAG Laser With Well-defined Lattice Structure, And No Damage To The Bracket Base. There Was Incomplete Removal Of The Adhesive From Repeated Recycled Brackets, Flattening And Distortion Were Observed In Two Samples. Conclusion: Er:YAG Laser Recycled Brackets Can Be Used As An Alternative To New Brackets In Case Of Bond Failure Which Might Provide Cost Reduction. However, In Case Of Second Bond Failure To The Same Bracket, It May Be Preferred To Use A New One Instead Of Reusing It For Second Time.

Karima Mansour Ali , Manal Hosny Mostafa, Olfat Shaker And Engy Ahmed,

ABSTRACT
Background: Among The Most Common Forms Of Periodontal Disease Is Chronic Periodontitis. Most Tissue Damage Found In Patients With Periodontitis Result From An Exaggerated Host Immune Response To Bacterial Challenges Which Results In The Secretion Of Proinflammatory Cytokines That Results In Destruction Of Periodontal Tissues. The Levels Of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) In Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) Have Been Reported To Correlate Positively With Periodontal Inflammation. Nutrition Plays A Great Role In Improving The Person Quality Of Life, For Example Omega -3 PUFA Has A Well-established Anti-inflammatory Role In Periodontal Disease. Adequate Dietary Intake Of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 PUFAs) Resulted In Increases Tissue Concentration Of The Types Of Fatty Acids(e.g., Eicosapentaenoic Acid And Docosahexaenoic Acid) That Downregulate Inflammation, Omega-3(n-3)PUFA Have Multiple Actions By Which They Can Affect Cell And Tissue Behavior To Perform Their Physiological Actions. Aim Of Study: This Study Was Undertaken To Evaluate The Effects Of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation After Modified Widman Periodontal Flap Surgery On Clinical Parameters And GCF Levels Of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Methods: The Present Study Had Included 40 Subjects (10 Healthy Volunteers And 30 Patients With Moderate To Advanced Chronic Periodontitis). Group I (Test Group): 15 Patients With Moderate To Advanced Chronic Periodontitis Treated With Modified Widman Flap Adjuncted With Omega 3 FA 1200 Mg Taken Orally Daily For 4 Months After MWF Surgery, Group II (Control Group): 15 Patients With Moderate To Advanced Chronic Periodontitis Treated With Modified Widman Flap Only.Evaluation Of Clinical Periodontal Parameters Were Recorded For Full Mouth And At The Most Periodontally Affected Sites (PPD ? 5mm) At Baseline And 2 And 4 Months After Periodontal Surgery.

Results: Results Of The Present Study Indicate That Daily Dietary Supplementation Of Omega 3 PUFA As An Adjunct To Surgical Periodontal Therapy Has Resulted In Improvement In Clinical Outcomes Of Pocket Depth(PD) And Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), And Significant Reduction Of GCF Markers Of Bone Resorption And Inflammation (PGE2)indicating That Omega 3 Protect Against Bone Resorption.

Yara Osman, Layla Mostafa Omara And Hassan Abd-El Ghany Osman,

ABSTRACT
Aim Of The Study: The Purpose Of This Study Was To Compare & To Assess Clinically And Radiographically, The Contact Osteogenesis Between Host Bone & Immediate Implants Placement In Narrow Anterior Region Of The Mandible Following The Use Of Manual Bone Expanders Versus Motorized Ones..

Materials and Methods: Six Patients With 12 Anterior Edentulous Areas With Narrow Ridges. Six Sites Were Subjected To Manual Bone Expanders And Six Sites Were Subjected To Motorized Bone Expanders, All Followed By Immediate Implantation. A CBCT Was Used Preoperatively, Immediate After Surgery And 6 Months Post-operatively For Dimensional And Buccolingual Expansion Analyses..

Results: During The Follow Up Period, All Patients Showed No Post-operative Complications, All The Implants Inserted Showed Successful Osseointegration With No Signs Of Failure. The CBCT Radiograph Showed Proper Contact Between The Bone And The Implant, Also Showed Increase In The Buccolingual Width For Both Groups Immediately Post-expansion And Insertion And Decrease In The Width 6 Months Post-expansion And Insertion.. Conclusion: Manual Bone Expanders Show Better Results In Expansion And Bone Density Than Motorized Bone Expanders Do..

Magda H. Mohamed, Marwa E. Sabet, Mahmoud E. Al-Homossany And Shimaa L. Mohamed,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To Evaluate Radiographically The Effect Of The Degree Of Palatal Coverage On Marginal Bone Height Around Maxillary Hybrid -implants. Methods: Fourteen Edentulous Patients With Maxillary Conventional Denture And Mandibular Implant Retained Overdenture Were Included In This Study. Four (one Piece 3 Mm Diameter, 12 Mm Length), Implants Were Installed In Maxillary Arch Of Each Patient In Areas Of Lateral Incisors And First Premolars To Retain Maxillary Implant Overdenture Then The Upper Denture Was Modified By Reduction Of The Palatal Coverage Area For Half Of The Patients And Was Followed Radiographically For One Year.

Results: There Was Significant Difference Between The Two Groups (P ? 0.05). Conclusion: Marginal Bone Height Loss Around Implants Was Increased By Reduction Of The Palatal Coverage.

Muhammad Hamdy, Tarek I. Elfaramawi And Niveen Askar,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Aim Of This Present Study Was To Evaluate The Relation Between Primary Implant Stability Of Delayed Implant Placement And Bone Density In Posterior Mandibular Area. Patients And Methods: 16 Implants Were Placed For 9 Patients (6 Females And 3 Males) That Had At Least A Missing One Mandibular Posterior Tooth. Bone Density Of Each Implant Site Was Measured Preoperatively Through Orthopantomograph. The Implant Osteotomy Was Done According To The Manufacture�s Instruction Under Copious Irrigation After The Replacement Of The Pilot Drill With A 2.0mm Trephine Bur To Obtain A Core Biopsy With A Fixed Starting Torque Of 15Nm2. For Each Implant Primary Implant Stability Was Measured Immediately Postoperatively By Resonance Frequency Analysis.

Results: For All The 16 Implants Sites, Bone Density Was D4. All The 16 Implants Were Stable With A Mean Primary Stability Of 69.9(+- 14.5) ISQ. Conclusion: There Is No Correlation Between Primary Implant Stability And Bone Density And Drilling Torque.

Sara G. El-Gamal, Jealan M. El-Shafei And Heba A. El-Asfouri,

ABSTRACT
Abstract: The Aim Of This Study Was To Assess The Fracture Resistance And Sealing Ability Of Endodontically Treated Teeth Obturated With Guttacore Root Canal Obturator As Compared With Thermafil Root Canal Obturator, And To Examine The Guttacore Material To Verify Its Crosslinked Structure.

Materials and Methods: Ninety Freshly Extracted Single Rooted Mandibular Premolars Were Selected For The Study. Teeth Were Divided Into The Following Groups: Group A (n=20) The Canals Were Obturated With Guttacore Endodontic Obturator And AH Plus Sealer. Group B (n=20) The Canals Are Obturated With Thermafil Endodontic Obturator And AH Plus Sealer. Group C (n=20): Root Canals Were Obturated With Conventional Gutta-percha And AH Plus Sealer Using Lateral Condensation Technique. Thirty Extra Teeth Served As Positive And Negative Control Groups. Mechanical Preparation Was Completed Using Rotary ProTaper Files Up To Size F3. Obturation Was Carried Out In Each Group According To The Manufacturer Instructions. Mechanical Testing Was Done Using A Rounded Tip Attached To Universal Testing Machine. While Linear Dye Penetration Using Silver Nitrate Dye Was Done To Assess The Apical Sealing Ability Of The Tested Materials Under A Stereomicroscope. Finally, The Guttacore Material Was Examined Under Scanning Electron Microscope And Tested For Dissolution In Solvents To Reveal Its Crosslinked Nature. Result: There Was A Non-statistically Significant Difference Between The Guttacore And Thermafil Regarding Fracture Resistance (P>0.5). However, Both Groups Showed Significantly Higher Values Than The Lateral Condensation Group. Guttacore Group Showed Statistically Significant Lower Dye Leakage Than Thermafil (P<0.5).

Conclusions: Based On Our Findings It Could Be Hypothesized That The Guttacore Material Provide Strengthening For The Root Dentin Together With Adequate Sealing Ability Properties Comparable To Lateral Condensation Technique.

Heba Ibrahim, Mohamed M. Abdel Azim And Geraldine Ahmed,

ABSTRACT
This Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial Was Done To Assess And Compare The Efficacy Of 2% Mepivacaine Versus 4% Articaine For Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (IANB) In Patients With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis In Mandibular Molars. Subjects And Methods: 66 Participants Aged Between 18-50 Years Were Included In The Study. Only Vital Mandibular Molars With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis Were Selected And Treated In One Visit. The Participants Were Randomly Assigned Into Two Equal Groups According To The Anesthetic Solution Used: Articaine Group: IANB Injection Of 3.4 Ml Articaine Hydrochloride 4% With 1:100 000 Epinephrine, Mepivacaine Group: IANB Injection Of 3.6 Ml Mepivacaine Hydrochloride 2% With 1:100000 Epinephrine. The Access Cavity Preparation And Root Canal Instrumentation Were Done 15 Minutes After IANB Injection. The Participants Ranked Their Preoperative Pain, Pain During Access Cavity Preparation And Pain During Instrumentation On Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). The Number Of Patients Who Needed Supplemental Anesthesia (intra-pulpal) Was Recorded. Obturation Was Performed Using Modified Single Cone Technique.

Results: There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between The Two Groups In The Efficacy Of Anesthesia, Pain Intensity And Incidence At The Different Pain Categories During Access Cavity Preparation And Root Canal Instrumentation (P>0.5). There Was No Significant Statistical Difference In Supplemental Anesthesia Needed In The Two Groups (P>0.5). Conclusion: Based These Findings It Could Be Hypothesized That The Efficacy Of Anesthesia Is Similar In Both Articaine And Mepivacaine Groups In Mandibular Molars With Acute Pulpitis. Both Groups Failed To Achieve Complete Pulpal Anesthesia In Mandibular Molars With Acute Pulpitis With IANB Only And They Were Similar Regarding The Need For Supplemental Anesthesia.

Noura M. Kamal, Hend M. Salem And Heba M. Dahmoush,

ABSTRACT
Background: Salivary Gland Cancers Are A Group Of Neoplasms Having Biological, Histological And Clinical Diversity. This Diversity Represents A Challenge For Diagnosis, Classification And Management Of Salivary Gland Cancers. We Believe That The Present Study Is The First To Compare And Correlate The Immunohistochemical Expression Of EpCAM In Different Grades Of Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma (MEC) And Solid Variant Of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (solid AdCC) In Comparison With The Normal Salivary Glands, To Ascertain The Possible Diagnostic And Prognostic Significance As Well As, Propose EpCAM Targeted Therapy As A Possible Treatment Approach For Patients With Salivary Gland Tumors.

Materials and Methods: 60 Specimens (12 Normal Salivary Gland Tissue, 36 MEC And 12 Solid AdCC) Were Collected And EpCAM Membranous Expression Was Evaluated By Immunohistochemistry. The Total Immunoscore (TIS) Was Evaluated, Which Represented The Product Of The Proportion Score And The Intensity Score. The Term �EpCAM Overexpression� Was Given For Tissues Showing A Total Immunoscore >4.

Results: A Highly Significant Difference Was Observed Between TIS Percent Values In Control, Different Grades Of MEC And Solid AdCC (p< 0.001). High Grade MEC (HG-MEC) And Solid AdCC Were Found To Be The Highest EpCAM Expressors. Although, Lack Of EpCAM Expression Was Detected In Two Cases Of HG-MEC And One Case Of Solid AdCC. Conclusion: EpCAM Was Frequently Detected In MEC And Solid AdCC Making These Tumours Potential Targets For Anti-EpCAM Therapies. The Diffuse Membranous Expression In HG-MEC Could Be Of Diagnostic Value In Relation To The Patchy Expression Observed In Both Low Grade And Intermediate Grade MEC.

Noha S. Zein, Eman M. El-Maghraby , Dalia M. Abdel Hamid And Ahmed-Nour A. Habib,

ABSTRACT
Background: Early Childhood Caries Is Etiologically Associated With Bacterial Colonization. Streptococcus Mutans (S.mutans) Have Been Related To Dental Cariesbased On Well-defined Cariogenicity. A Body Of Evidence Suggests That Children Acquire S. Mutans Primarily From Their Mothers. It Was Also Suggested That Mode Of Child Delivery Can Lead To Differences In The Initial Foundation Of Oral Microbiota.

Purpose: To Assess The Acquisition Of S.mutans And Streptococcus Mitis (S. Mitis) In A Group Of Egyptian Infants In Relation To Mode Of Child Delivery And Maternal Salivary Bacterial Counts And Caries Index Scores. Subjects And Methods:A Total Of 50 Mothers And Their Infants Were Recruited In This Study To Assess The Acquisition Of S. Mutans And S.mitisin Relation To Mode Of Child Delivery, Maternal Salivary Bacterial Counts And DMFT Scores.

Results: Acquisition Of S. Mutans Was Significantly Higher In Cesarean-section (C- Section) Group Compared To Vaginally Delivered Group At 3 Months. S. Mitis Was Found In All Children At 3 And 6 Months Regardless The Mode Of Child Delivery. A Highly Significant Direct Correlation Between Infants� S. Mutans Counts At 3 & 6 Months And Maternal DMFT Mean Scores, As Well As Maternal S.mutans Counts Was Found. While, There Was A Highly Significant Inverse Correlation Between Infants� S. Mutans Counts At 3 & 6 Months And Maternal S. Mitis Mean Counts. Also, There Was A Highly Significant Inverse Correlation Between Infants� S. Mitis Mean Counts At 3 & 6 Months And Maternal DMFT Mean Scoresand Maternal S. Mutans Mean Counts. While, There Was A Highly Significant Direct Correlation Between Infants� S. Mitis At 3 & 6 Months And Maternal S.mitis Mean Counts.

Conclusions: C- Section Delivered Infants Had Earlier Acquisition And Higher Counts Of S. Mutans. S. Mitis Was Found In All Investigated Infants As Early As 3 Months Of Age.Early S. Mutans Acquisition In Infants Was Detected In Infants Whose Mothers Had High Maternal S. Mutans And Low S. Mitis Counts And High DMFT Scores.

Ragy Mohamed Elbadry, Sayed Hussein Saniour, Taheya Ahmed Moussa, Magdy W. Sabaa And,

ABSTRACT


Purpose: Evaluation Of The Bond Strength Of Resin Composite And Glass Ionomer Restorations To Gamma Radiated Enamel And Dentin Using A Desensitizing Agent And Different Adhesive Protocols.

Materials and Methods: Ninety Enamel And Dentin Samples (45 Each) Obtained From 15 Human Molars Were Divided Into 3 Main Groups (n=15): Control, Radiated, And Radiated/desensitized With Casein Phosphopeptide-amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP). The Samples Were Restored By Resin Composite (RC) Using Etch-rinse Or Self-etch Adhesives And Glass Ionomer (GI-self-adhesive) Then Sectioned To Obtain Beam-shaped Specimens. Micro-tensile Bond Strength (�-TBS) Was Measured And The Mode Of Failure Was Examined. Data Were Statistically Analyzed.

Results: Gamma Radiated Enamel/RC Showed Lower �-TBS Than The Control Group While Gamma Radiated/desensitized Enamel Restored With RC Showed The Lowest �-TBS Regardless To The Adhesives Used. Whereas, Gamma Radiated/desensitized Enamel/GI Showed The Highest Significant �-TBS Values Among The Enamel/GI Group. On The Contrary, The �-TBS Values Of Gamma Radiated Dentin/RC Using Either Adhesives Or Restored With GI Was Insignificantly Different Than Its Corresponding Control Groups. Nevertheless, Gamma Radiated/desensitized Dentin/GI Revealed The Highest �-TBS. Groups With The Low �-TBS Values Exhibited Predominantly Adhesive Or Mixed Failure Modes, While Predominance Of Cohesive And Mixed Failures Was Detected For Groups With The Higher �-TBS Values. Conclusion: Gamma Radiation Has A Detrimental Effect On The Enamel/RC Bond Strength Regardless The Adhesive Protocol Used. The CPP-ACP Has A Negative Effect On Both Enamel And Dentin Bonding To RC When Etch-rinse Or Self-etch Adhesive Protocol Were Used But Enhances That Of The Enamel/GI And Dentin/GI.

Rania Ahmed Salama,

ABSTRACT
The Current Study Was Carried Out To Experimentally Prepare An Adhesive Resin In Egypt As Well As To Evaluate Its Degree Of Conversion, Viscosity And Microtensile Bond Strength. Samples Were Divided Into Two Groups According To The Material Used: Group 1; Experimentally Prepared Adhesive, Group 2; (control); A Commercially Available Adhesive �Solobond M, Voco, Germany�. Steps Of Preparation Of The Experimentally Prepared Adhesive Resin Involved: Preparation Of The Mixture Of Monomers, Preparation Of The Photo-initiator System And Addition Of Acetone And Ethanol Solvents. Chemical Analysis Of The Experimentally Prepared Adhesive And The Commercial Adhesive (Solobond M) Was Carried Out By Means Of FTIR Spectroscopy. Evaluation Of The Experimental Adhesive Resin Was Done Regarding Its Degree Of Conversion, Viscosity And Dentin Microtensile Bond Strength. Results Revealed That The Experimentally Prepared Adhesive (group 1) Had A Statistically Significant Higher Degree Of Conversion (18.294%) Compared To The Control Adhesive (Solobond M) (13.056%). However, There Was No Statistically Significant Difference In The Mean Microtensile Bond Strength Between The Experimentally Prepared Adhesive And The Control Adhesive.

Rania Osama Abd El Halim, Souzy Farid Shinaishin And Marwa M. Abd El Hamed,

ABSTRACT
Background: Cisplatin Is Widely Used As An Effective Chemotherapeutic Agent, But It Affects Normal Tissues By Generating Reactive Oxygen Species And Free Radicals. Vitamin C Is One Of The Most Available Potent Antioxidant Agents. It Can Counteract The Damaging Effect Of Free Radicals And Harmful Oxygen-derived Species In The Tissues.

Aim: The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Apoptosis Induced By Cisplatin In Rats� Submandibular Salivary Glands And The Possible Protective Effect Of Vitamin C.

Materials and Methods: The Study Was Carried Out On 42 Male Albino Rats Weighing Between 150-200 Grams. The Rats Were Divided Into: Control Group: Rats Were Given Distilled Water Orally And Intra-peritoneal Injection Of Saline. Cisplatin Group: Rats Were Given Intra-peritoneal Injection Of Single Dose Of Cisplatin (5 Mg/kg). Vitamin C And Cisplatin Group: Rats Were Given Single Dose Of Vitamin C (100 Mg/kg) Orally And Intra-peritoneal Injection Of Cisplatin. All Groups Were Further Subdivided Into: Subgroup A: Seven Animals Were Terminated 3 Days After The Injection. Subgroup B: The Other Seven Animals Were Terminated 5 Days After The Injection. Sections Of The Processed Submandibular Salivary Glands Were Stained By Hematoxyline & Eosin And Anti-active Caspase 3 Immuno Stains To Detect The Histological Changes Induced By Cisplatin And The Possible Protective Effect Of Vitamin C.

Results: The Subgroups Received Cisplatin Revealed Degenerative Changes In The Acini And Ducts As Numerous Intracellular Vacuoles And Pyknotic Nuclei. While Those Received Vitamin C And Cisplatin Revealed More Or Less Normal Glandular Structure. Immunohistochemical Examination Revealed That The Positive Reaction To Anti-active Caspase 3 In Cisplatin Subgroups Was Significantly Higher Than The Control Subgroups Indicating Severe Apoptotic Changes While Vitamin C And Cisplatin Subgroups Revealed Significant Reduction In The Apoptotic Activity In Comparison With Cisplatin Subgroups. Conclusion: Vitamin C Had A Protective Effect Against Cytotoxic And Apoptotic Changes Induced By Cisplatin In Rat Submandibular Salivary Glands.

Ahmed Nabil Roshdy, Maged Hakim And Lamiaa Khairallah,

ABSTRACT
The Purpose Of This Is To Evaluate The Marginal Accuracy Of Press On Veneer Fabricated At Different Axial Lengths To Zirconia Core. Materials And Method: A Stainless Steel Die Resembling A Prepared Mandibular Premolar Was Machined To Allow Standardization Of The Prepared Crowns. Total Number Of Forty Ceramic Crowns Were Fabricated Using This Die. The Samples Were Then Divided Into Four Groups According To The Axial Distances From The Core To The Finish Line That Was Completed With The Veneering Material. Group 1: Zirconium Oxide Core Fabricated Till The Finish Line, Group 2: Zirconium Core 0.5 Mm Short Of The Finish Line, Group 3: Zirconium Oxide Core 1mm Short Of The Finish Line, Group 4: Zirconium Oxide Core 1.5mm Short Of The Finish Line. The Core Was Veneered And The Short Core Margins Were Completed Using Zipress Veneering Material. Then Each Group Was Thermocycled 1500 Cycles Between 5-55�C. The Marginal Accuracy Was Assessed Using Travelling Microscope.

Results: Both Group 1and 2 Showed The Statistically Significantly Highest Mean Gap Distance Values Compared To Other Two Group. There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between 1 Mm And 1.5 Mm Groups While Both Showed The Statistically Significantly Lowest Mean Gap Distance Values. Conclusion: Despite The Advances In CAD/CAM Technique, Pressable Ceramic Using Lost Wax Technique Presented Better Marginal Adaptation Than Machined Zirconia Core Which Might Be Related To Software Limitation In Designing Restorations.

Ahmed Nabil Roshdy, Maged Hakim And Lamiaa Khairallah,

ABSTRACT
The Purpose Of This Study Is To Evaluate The Bond Strength Of Zirconia Core To Ceramic Veneer At Different Marginal Dimensions.

Materials and Methods: A Stainless Steel Die Resembling A Prepared Mandibular Premolar Was Machined To Allow Standardization Of The Prepared Crowns. Total Number Of Forty Ceramic Crowns Were Fabricated Using This Die. The Samples Were Then Divided Into Four Groups According To The Axial Distances From The Core To The Finish Line That Was Completed With The Veneering Material. Group 1: Zirconium Oxide Core Fabricated Till The Finish Line, Group 2: Zirconium Core 0.5 Mm Short Of The Finish Line, Group 3: Zirconium Oxide Core 1mm Short Of The Finish Line, Group 4: Zirconium Oxide Core 1.5mm Short Of The Finish Line. The Core Was Veneered And The Short Core Margins Were Completed Using Zipress Veneering Material. Then Each Group Was Thermocycled 1500 Cycles Between 5-55�C. The Samples Were Then Tested For Flexure Strength.

Results: There Was A Statistically Significant Decrease In Fracture Resistance After Thermocycling Within Each Of The Four Different Groups. Conclusion : The Bond Strength Of Zirconia Core And The Veneering Material Might Be Affected By The Difference In The Thermal Conductivity Between Both Materials.

Yassmin El Sayed Ahmed, Hend Abou El Nasr, Heba El Far And Mohamed Abdel Azim,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Purpose Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Effect Of Occlusal Reduction For Mandibular Posterior Teeth On The Incidences Of Post-instrumentation And Post-obturation Pain In Patients With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis And Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis. Participants And Methods: 44 Patients Were Included In The Study. All Patients Had Posterior Mandibular Teeth With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis And Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis With No Evidence Of Peri-apical Radiolucencies In The Radiograph. The Patients Were Divided Randomly Into Two Equal Groups, Each Group Included 22 Participants. For The Intervention Group, All The Occlusal Contacts Of The Tooth Were Relieved From Occlusion, While For The Control Group, No Modification Was Done For The Occlusal Surface Of The Tooth. The Root Canal Treatment Was Done In Two Visits Where Root Canals Were Prepared Using Revo S Rotary NiTi Files While Obturation Was Done Using Modified Single Cone In The Second Visit. The Pain Was Assessed Preoperatively, 6, 12, 24 And 48 Hours After The Instrumentation, Then 6 And 12 Hours After The Obturation Using Modified Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Patients Were Given A Placebo To Be Taken In Case Of Moderate Or Severe Pain And Ibuprofen 400mg Was Prescribed In Case Of Persistent Pain. Data Were Analyzed Using Chi-square And Fisher Exact Tests. Mann-Whitney U Test Was Used To Compare Between The Pain Value In The Two Groups.

Results: The Results Of The Study Showed That, There Is Significant Decrease In The Mean VAS Scores At All Follow Up Periods Compared To Pre-operative Pain Level In The Two Groups, But Postoperative Pain Intensity Was Higher With Occlusal Reduction Group Than With No Occlusal Reduction (post-instrumentation) With No Statistical Significance.

Conclusions: Within The Limitations Of This Study, We Concluded That Occlusal Reduction Isn�t An Effective Procedure To Reduce Post-operative Pain In Teeth With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis And Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis. So We Still Have The Controversy Of Whether The Occlusal Reduction Decreases The Post-operative Pain Or Not, As We Still Have No Enough Evidence.

Mahmoud A. Dayekh , Moustafa Abdou Elsyad And Ahmed Khalifa Khalifa,

ABSTRACT


Aim: This Study Aimed To Examine The Retention Of Different Types Of Locator And Bar Attachments For 4-implant Supported Maxillary Over Denture.

Materials and Methods: An Acrylic Resin Model Of An Edentulous Maxilla Without Alveolar Undercuts Was Fabricated And 4 Laboratory Implants Were Inserted In The Canine And Second Premolar Areas. Mucosal Simulation Was Fabricated Over The Model. Maxillary Experimental Overdenture Were Constructed Over The Model And Connected To The Model With Either Bar Attachment (group I) Or Locator Attachment (group II). The Universal Testing Machine Was Used To Apply Vertically Oriented 4 Points Tensile Loads On A Metal Plate Attached To The Model With 4 Metal Chains Until The Attachments Separated From The Abutments. Maximum Load Needed To Dislodge The Experimental Overdenture From The Maxillary Test Model (retentive Force) Were Calculated. Initial Retentive Forces And Retentive Forces After Repeated Insertions And Removals Were Calculated

Results: Initial Retentive Forces And Retentive Forces After Repeated Insertions And Removals For Vertical Dislodging Force, Locator Transparent Recorded The Highest Retentive Forces, Followed By Locator Pink, Locator Blue And Bar Attachment Recoded The Lowest Retentive Forces.

Conclusions: Locator Transparent Recorded Significant Higher Retention Forces Compared To Other Types Of Locators And Bar Attachment. The Lowest Retention Was Recorded With Locator Blue And Bar Attachment.

Dina Gameel Anis, MahaEshakAmer And Mohamed Salah Abd Elmotamed,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Purpose Of The Study Was To Assess The Relation Between Clinical And Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings In Temporomandibular Joint Disorders.

Materials and Methods: MRI Scanning And Clinical Examination Were Performed To Twenty Patients Of Both Sexes And Varying Ages, Complaining Of TMJ Disorders. The Disc Position, Disc Morphology, Condylar Osseous Changes, Retrodiscal Tissue Status And Joint Effusion Were Assessed. The Correlation Between The Clinical And MRI Findings Was Statistically Analyzed.

Results: Pain In The Temporomandibular Region Was The Most Common Clinical Presentation, It Accounts For 67.5% Of Cases. Significant Correlation Was Found Between Pain And Disk Morphology, Condylar Osseous Changes, Retrodiscal Tissue Status (p=0.001, 0.019, 0.003 Respectively)and With Disc Displacement. Statistically Significant Relationship Was Also Found Between Disk Position, Eminence Changes And TMJ Sounds (P=0.025, 0.004 Respectively), As Well As Between Disk Position And Maximum Mouth Opening (MMO)( P=0.018). There Was A Direct Correlation Between Retrodiscal Tissue Status And Mandibular Deviation (p=0.021). Conclusion: Clinical Evaluation Of The TMJ Can Be Nonspecific Due To Overlap Of Symptoms Between Internal Derangement And Myofacial Pain Dysfunction. MRI Should Be Part Of The Standard Evaluation When An Internal Structural Joint Abnormality Is Suspected .Disc Displacement As Observed With MRI Correlated Well With Clinical Signs And Symptoms.

Abdullah Salem Ibrahim, Maged Negm And Alaa El-Baz,

ABSTRACT
Seventy Six Human Single Canaled Teeth Were Decapitated, Instrumented Using K3 Ni-Ti Rotary System, And Then Divided Into 4 Main Groups Of 19 Teeth Each, According To The Type Of Irrigation Protocol Used; Group I, 1:1 Mixture Of 5.25% NaOCl + 18% Etidronic Acid (HEBP). Group II, 1:1 Mixture Of 5.25% NaOCl + 18% Etidronic Acid (HEBP), Followed By 17% EDTA As A Final Rinse. Group III, 17% EDTA. Group IV, 5.25% NaOCl (control Group). The Quantity Of Irrigation Was 5 Ml For 2 Minutes. Then, A Final Rinse Of 5 Ml For 2 Minutes Of Distilled Water. Sixteen Roots Of Each Group Were Subdivided Into 2 Subgroups (each Of 8 Roots), According To The Type Of Sealer Used: A Single Gutta-percha Cone Size 40 Taper 0.06 With AH Plus Root Canal Sealer. A Single Activ GP Cone Size 40 Taper 0.06 With Activ GP Root Canal Sealer. The Obturated Roots Were Horizontally Divided Into Three Equal Sections. The Middle Third Specimens Were Subject To Push-out Test By Means Of An Instron Testing Machine. Then, The Specimens Were Examined Under Digital Microscope To Determine The Type Of Bond Failure. The Remaining Three Roots Of Each Group Were Longitudinally Split Into 2 Equal Halves. The Walls Of Their Middle Thirds Were Examined For The Presence Of Debris And Smear Layer Under Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM). The ESEM Showed Superior Results Of EDTA And NaOCl/HEBP/EDTA Groups Respectively In Smear Layer Removal Over NaOCl/HEBP And NaOCl Groups. It Was Found That EDTA Group Recorded The Highest Mean Value Of Push-out Test With AH Plus Sealer, While NaOCl/HEBP/EDTA Group Recorded The Highest Mean Value Of Push-out Test With Activ GP Obturation System.

Mahmoud Mohammed Abd El Gawad, Ibrahim Hasan El Kalla And Hanaa Mahmoud Shalan,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Aim Of This Study Was: 1-To Evaluate Adaptation And Interfacial Micromorphology Of Composite Restorations In Conservative Cavities. 2-To Evaluate Microleakage Of Composite Bonded With Different Adhesives.

Materials & Methods: Conservative Cavities (4�1.5�2mm) Were Prepared In The Occlusal Surfaces Of Ninety Sound Extracted Permanent Molars. Then, The Teeth Were Randomly Divided Into Three Equal Groups, Thirty Molars For Each Group (N=30) According To The Type Of Adhesive. Group 1: Ambar Bond, Group 2: Excite Bond And Group 3: Prompt L-pop. Then All Cavities Were Restored With Composite Resin (Filtek Z250). After That, Fifteen Teeth From Each Group Were Sectioned Buccolingually Into Two Halves To Evaluate Composite Adaptation Under Stereomicroscope (60X) For Both Halves At All Cavity Walls. Selected Specimens Were Examined Under Scanning Electron Microscope (750X) To Detect Interfacial Micromorphology. The Other Fifteen Teeth Were Thermocycled For 1,000 Cycles In Separate Distilled Water Baths Of 5�C And 55�C Then The Teeth Were Immersed In 1% Methylene Blue Dye Solution For 24 Hours At Room Temperature. The Teeth Were Sectioned Buccolingually To Evaluate Microleakage Under Stereomicroscope.

Results: All Specimens Had Voids Ranging From (0.1-1.7mm). Ambar Bond Showed The Greatest Number Of Samples That Had Voids (60%) Followed By Prompt L-pop (40%) And Excite Bond (33.3%). Microleakage Scores Were Highest With Prompt L-pop Followed By Ambar And Excite Bond. Resin Tag Lengths Were Longer With Excite And Ambar Bond As Compared To Prompt L-pop Bond. Conclusion: Restoration Of Conservative Cavities Without Voids Is Difficult To Achieve. Etch And Rinse System Is Still Considered A Gold Standard Adhesive.

Hanan M. Abdelaziz, Dina Elkassas And Heba Salah El-dein Hamza,

ABSTRACT
This Research Was Designed To Evaluate The Remineralizing Potential Of Fluoride In Comparison To Three Different Calcium Phosphate Based Remineralizing Agents Using Surface Microhardnesss Test.

Materials & Methods: A Total Of 50 Sound Human Mandibular Molars Were Used In This Study. Artificial Enamel Carious Lesions Were Induced And The Enamel Specimens Were Divided Randomly Into Five Groups, According To The Remineralizing Agent Used; Group A1: Molars Stored In Artificial Saliva, Group A2: Fluoride Varnish Was Used, Group A3: CPP-ACP Varnish, Group A4: F-TCP Varnish And Finally Group A5: Novamin Paste Was Applied. Specimens Were Then Subjected To A PH Cycling Protocol For Eight Consecutive Days. The Surface Micro Hardness (SMH) Was Assessed Using Vickers Microhardness Tester, Prior To Demineralization Of The Specimens As A Baseline (SMH/Baseline), Following Demineralization (SMH/Demineralization) And Finally, After The Remineralization Regimens & PH Cycling (SMH/Remineralization), Then Mean Surface Microhardness Recovery Percentage Was Calculated (SMHR %).

Results: Showed That The Highest SMHR% Was Found In Novamin (58.29 � 8.14) Followed By TCP (50.56 � 6.37), CPP-ACP (46.40 � 13.93) And Fluoride (34.94 � 9.35). While The Lowest SMHR% Was Found In Saliva Group (14.26 � 5.77). Conclusion: Crystalline Calcium Phosphate Based Delivery Vehicles Showed Higher Remineralizing Efficacy Compared To The Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Based And Fluoride Based Agents. Novamin Remineralizing System Confers The Highest Remineralization Tendency With The Highest Potential.

Raghda Esam El-Malt; Fatma Abdou El-Sayed And Hoda Abdel-Aziz,

ABSTRACT
Aim Of This Study: To Assess The Pubertal Growth Spurt In A Group Of Al-Giza School Male Adolescents, Using The Developmental Stages Of The Middle Phalanx Of The Middle Finger (MP3), And To Evaluate The Skeletal Maturity Age Differences Between Al-Giza Male Adolescents And Other Populations.

Materials & Methods: A Sample Of 1500 Male Students For Al-Giza Was Included In This Study With Age Range From 11 To 16 Years Was Collected. A Radiograph For The Middle Phalanx Of The Middle Finger By Digital Dental Radiograph For The Assessment Of MP3 Maturation Stages Was Taken For Each Subject.

Results: The MP3-G Stage (signifying The Peak Of Pubertal Growth Spurt) Was Found With High Prevalence In Subjects Aged >13-14 Years With Mean Of Age 13.36y. Conclusion: 1. The Mean Skeletal Maturity Age (MP3-G Stage) That Represents The Peak Of Height Velocity (PHV) In Egyptian Adolescent Males Of Al-Giza Was Found To Be 13.36 Y � 1.07 Years. 2. The Newly Digital Radiography Of The MP3 Region Is Definitely An Available, Simple Technique Of High Clarity, Low Radiation.

Karim Fouda, Hamdy Abouelfotouh And Ahmed Fahmi,

ABSTRACT
This Study Was Conducted To Evaluate The Difference Between Conventional Acrylic And Soft Lined Implant Partial Overdenture In Mandibular Kennedy Class I. The Aim Of This Work Was To Evaluate The Effect Of Using Soft Liner On Denture Base In Lower Kennedy Class I Partially Edentulous Patients Restored With Implant Supported Partial Overdenture Fourteen Partially Edentulus Patients Were Selected Patients And Divided Into Two Equal Groups. For Both The First And Second Groups: Endosseous Implant Was Placed In The Edentulous Region And Loading Was Done After Three To Four Month. In The First Group Conventional Acrylic Was Used While In The Second Group The Overdenture Was Lined With Soft Liner.For Each Patient, Radiographic Evaluation Has Been Done Immediately After Denture Insertion And After 6 And 9 Month From Prosthesis Construction. The Results In This Study Showed That There Was Statistically Significant Difference Between Both Groups In Radiographic Evaluation Regarding Bone Height But Not Bone Density.

Manar Elzanaty, Mona Shoieb, Noha A. Ghallab And Hani Essam El Nahass,

ABSTRACT
Background: Amnion Chorion Membrane Has Been Suggested In The Treatment Of Gingival Recession, Yet The Evidence Is Inconclusive. The Aim Of This Study Was To Clinically Evaluate Coronally Advanced Flap Plus Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft Compared To Coronally Advanced Flap Plus Amnion Chorion Allograft Membrane In Management Of Patients With Miller Class I Or II Gingival Recession At 6 Month Postoperative. Methods: The Study Included Twenty Patients With 36 Teeth (6 Males And 14 Females, Aged 20 To 54 Years) Who Were Randomly Assigned To Either Group.At Baseline Clinical Parameters Were Recorded Including; Recession Depth, Recession Width, Width Of Keratinized Gingiva, Tissue Biotype, Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Probing Pocket Depth And Clinical Attachment Loss. A Coronally Advanced Flap Using The Trapezoidal Flap Technique Was Performed With The Placement Of Either The Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft Or The Amnion Chorion Membrane.

Results: The Present Investigation Showed A Total Percentage Of Root Coverage 87.9% And 80.83% For The Subepithlial Connective Tissue Graft Group And The Amnion Chorion Allograft Group At 6 Months Respectively. The Percentage Of Complete Root Coverage Was 50% For Both Groups. Conclusion: Amnion Chorion Allograft Might Be A Suitable Alternative To Connective Tissue Graft In Procedures To Cover Denuded Root Surfaces And Can Reduce Recession Depth.

Hassan A.H. AboulAzm, Mai Mahmoud Yousry And Amir Hafez,

ABSTRACT
This Study Was Conducted To Evaluate The Effect Of Pre- And Post-bleaching On The Color Change Of Resin Infiltrated Enamel Versus Sound Enamel. M&M: A Total Of 30 Bovine Specimens Were Used, On Each; 3 Windows Were Created; Window A �sound Control�, Window B �demineralized� And Window C �demineralized And Resin Infiltrated�, A Spectrophotometer Was Used To Assess Baseline Color In Each Window Then Bleaching Was Performed For All 3 Windows And Resin Infiltration Was Done For Window B Then Final Color Was Re-assessed.

Results: No Clinical Significant Difference Was Found In Color Change (?E) Of Pre- And Post-bleached Resin Infiltrated Specimens Compared To Sound Bleached. Conclusion: Pre-bleaching And Post-bleaching Resin Infiltrated Enamel Lesions Showed A Clinically Similar Color Change To Sound Bleached Enamel.

Basel Ismaeel Alhabash And Omaima El-Mahallawi,

ABSTRACT


Introduction: In Flared Canals The Misfit Of Ready-made Glass Fiber Post At Coronal Part Leads To Increased Cement Thickness At This Area With More Liability To Voids Incorporation And De-bonding Risk. Different Methods Have Been Proposed To Solve This Problem, But Still There Is No Definite Data About The Effect Of Each Technique On Mechanical Properties Of Remaining Tooth Structure.

Materials and Methods: A Total Number (n=32) Of Freshly Extracted Central Incisor With Nearly Same Length And Diameter Were Collected And Divided To Four Groups As The Follow: Group1 (control)(n=8) Remain Sound Without Any Preparation Or Endodontic Treatment, Group2,3 And 4 Received Endodontic Treatment And Intra-radicular Flared Preparation With Same Criteria And Restored As The Follow: Group2 (n=8) Restored With Radix Fiber Post, Group3 (n=8) Restored With Relined Radix Fiber Post, Group4 (n=8) Restored With EverStick Fiber Post. Coronal Portion For All Groups Were Then Restored With Nano-hybrid Composite And All Samples Were Then Individually Mounted On Epoxy Resin Blocks And Where Loaded At 135? Of The Long Axis Using A Computer Controlled Testing Machine With A Load Cell Of 5 KN. The Specimens Were Statically Loaded Until Fracture At A Crosshead Speed Of 1 Mm/min With The Steel Rod. Kruskal-Wallis Test Was Used To Study The Different Between Tested Groups. The Significance Level Was Set At P < 0.05.

Results: Intact Teeth (control Group) Showed The Highest Mean Fracture Resistance Value (462.89 � 104.51 N). The Relined Radix Fiber Post Group Showed (392.03 � 105.34 N), Radix Fiber Post Group Showed (303.15 � 95.39 N) And The EverStick Post Showed (369.77 � 107.4 N).The Difference Between The Control And Both Relined Radix And EverStick Post Groups Were Statistically Insignificant (P > 0.05). However, The Differences Between The Radix Post Groups With All Remaining Groups Were Statistically Significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: 1. Relining Ready-made Glass Fiber Post Or Using Individually Formable Glass Fiber Post In Maxillary Teeth With Flared Canals Increase Their Fracture Resistance. 2. Increased Resin Cement Film Thickness Adversely Affects Fracture Resistance Of Teeth With Flared Canals. 3. The Fracture Value For All Tested Groups Was Higher Than Normal Masticatory Forces In Anterior Region.

Dina Ezz El Din Mohamed , Mohamed Fouad Haridy And Mohsen Hussein Abi Alhasan,

ABSTRACT


Aim: This Study To Assess The Bonding Efficiency Of Resin Composite Using Self Etch Adhesive To Dental Hard Tissues After Remineralization With Conventional Bioactive Glass.

Materials & Methods: Conventional Bioactive Glass Particles Were Prepared. A Total Number Of 25 Extracted Caries-free Human Permanent Molars Used. 5 Specimens As A Positive Control (sound Dentin), The Remaining 20 Specimens Demineralized. The Demineralized Dentin Divided Into: 5 Specimens Negative Control (demineralized Dentin) And The Remaining 15 Specimens Divided Into 3 Groups (5 Each) According To The Period Of Application Of Conventional Bioactive Glass Particles Either One Day, One Week And One Month. After De- And Remineralization Phases, Self-etch Adhesive System Single Bond Universal Adhesive (3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA) Was Used According To Manufacturer�s Instructions Before Resin Composite Packing. Three Micro-tubes Were Mounted On The Uncured Adhesive To Restrict The Bonding Area. The Adhesive Coat Was Then Light Cured For 10 Seconds Using A LED Light-curing Unit (Elipar S10, 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA). After Curing Of The Adhesive, The Resin Composite Was Packed In The Micro-cylinders Using Endodontic Plugger. The Packed Resin Composite Light-cured For 40 Seconds Using The Same LED Light Curing Unit. The Specimens Were Stored In Distilled Water For 24 Hours Prior To Micro Shear Bond Strength (�-SBS) Testing. �-SBS Testing Was Done Using A Universal Testing Machine (Lloyd Instruments Ltd., Fareham UK).

Results: The Sound Dentin Showed The Highest �-Shear Bond Strength (MPa) Values (23.7 � 1.54) Followed By The Remineralized Dentin (16.43 � 3.49) With The Lowest �-Shear Bond Strength (MPa) Values For The Demineralized Dentin (11.63 � 1.08). Statistical Significant Differences Existed Among The Three Tested Groups (p?0.001). Conclusion: The Conventional Bioactive Glasses Is A Very Proficient Remineralizing Agent For The Demineralized Dentin. Consequently, The Microshear Bond Strength To Dentin Was Improved After Remineralization. Moreover, Application Time Of The Remineralizing Agent Has A Profound Effect On Its Reminalization Competence.

Abdu-eddaiem J. Qidarah, Mohamed A. Tawfik, Wael M. Said And Wael M. Safwat,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Purpose Of This Study Is To Investigate The Efficiency Of The Radiological Evaluate Of The Cone Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT) In The Diagnosis And Treatment Planning Of Odontogenic Tumors. Patients And Methods: The Study Sample Included 20 Patients (11 Male, And 9 Female), With Total 20 Odontogenic Tumors (8 Cases Of Amelobastoma, 5 OKC, 4 Odontoma, 2 Myxoma And One Case Of Cementoblastoma), The Patients Age Ranged From 10 To 70 Years, With Mean Age 30 Years. That Underwent To The Clinical, Radiographic Examination (computed Tomography (CT) And Cone Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT)) And Histopathological Examination.

Results: For Anterior-posterior Liner Measurement Of OT There Were No Significant Differences (p>0.05) Between CT, CBCT And The Intraoperative Finding. Also There Were No Significant Differences (p>0.05) Between CT, CBCT And The Intraoperative Finding For Height And Width Liner Measurement Of OT. While, Presence And Absence Of Cortical Expansion And Perforation Of OT In CT, CBCT Images And The Intraoperative Finding Was Showed There Were No Significant Differences Between CT And CBCT. Also, For The Presence Of Nerve Involvement And Displacement By OT In CT, CBCT Images And The Intraoperative Finding There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between Two Groups. For The Presence Of Teeth Involvement (root Resorption) By OT In CT, CBCT Images And The Intraoperative Finding There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between CT, CBCT And The Intraoperative Finding. Finally, The Maxillary Sinus Involvement By OT In CT CBCT Images And The Intraoperative Finding, There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between CT, CBCT And The Intraoperative Finding.

Conclusions: The CBCT It Has Higher Ability To Provide Valuable Diagnostic Information Compared To Conventional Radiography Even With Its Higher Cost, Which Makes CBCT First Diagnostic Tool For Detection And Localization Of Odontogenic Tumors, And Assessment Of Odontogenic Tumors Severity, And Surgical Treatment Planning For The Odontogenic Tumors.

Maii I. M. Khalil, Cherif A. Mohsen And Shams W. A. Ali,

ABSTRACT
Statement Of Problem: Color Stability Is An Important Factor To Ensure The Long-term Clinical Success Of Ceramic Restorations. The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Effect Of Repeated Firing Cycles On Color Stability Of Three Shades Of Zirconia Ceramic System. Materials& Methods: Seventy-five Ceramic Discs Were Fabricated. Discs Were Divided Into Three Main Groups According To Their Shades. Group(1) Shade A1, Group(2) Shade A3 & Group(3) Shade A4(n=25). Then Each Group Was Subdivided Into Five Subgroups According To The Number Of Firing Cycles Done (n=15) : SG(I)No Firing Cycles (control), SG(II) 3 Firing Cycles, SG(III) 5 Firing Cycles, SG(IV) 7 Firing Cycles And SG(V) 9 Firing Cycles. Color Readings Were Obtained With A Spectrophotometer Before And After Firings And L*, A*, And B* Coordinates And Total Color Variation (?E) Were Statistically Analyzed Using IBM SPSS Software.

Results: Results Revealed That For The 3 Shades (A1, A3 &A4), Color Change (DE) Had A Statistically Significant Difference Among The Four Different Firing Cycles (3, 5, 7 And 9) As Its P=0.01.Also, The Change In Color Parameters DL, Da And Db, Among The Four Different Firing Cycles Were A Statistically Significant With P=0.01. Conclusion: The L*a*b* Values Of The Ceramic Systems Were Affected By The Number Of Firings (3, 5, 7, Or 9 Firings) And Veneering Porcelain Shade (A1, A3 Or A4). L* Value Of All Specimens (at Different Shades) Was Increased Which Means That Specimens Become Lighter After Increasing The Number Of Firings. While, A* And B* Values Were Variables. The Mean Color Differences (?E) Caused By Repeated Firings Were Sometimes Below The Perceivable Level (?E<3) And Others Above This Level (?E>3) And Represent Visually Detectable Color Differences With The Change In Ceramic Shades And Firing Cycles. Clinical Recommendations: Zirconia Ceramic Restorations Should Not Be Exposed To Repeated Number Of Firings To Not Produce Detectable Color Changes.

Emad Mohamed T. Agamy, Iman A. Elasfahani And Haytham M. AbdelAal,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Distribution Of Stresses In Single Implant Supported Mandibular Over Denture, By Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis (3D FEA).

Materials and Methods: A 3D Finite Element Model Of Mandibular Overdentures Was Established, Using Single Implant With Ball And Socket Attachment. The Implant Was Inserted At The Position Of Central Incisor Area. Two Types Of Loads Were Applied To The Model: Total Of 150 N Vertical And 45 Degree Oblique Loads On The Right First Premolar, Second Premolar And First Molar. The Distribution Around Peri-implant Bone, Implant, Mucosa And Overdentures Were Recorded.

Results: The Maximum Recorded Stresses Under Vertical Loading Were 25 Mpa While Under Oblique Loading Were 36.5 Mpa. No Failure Occurred In Any Part Of The Model. All Maximum Stresses Were Less Than The Yield Strength And Within The Biological Range. Conclusion And Clinical Significance: Single-implant-retained Mandibular Overdentures Do Not Show Damaging Stress Concentration Neither In The Bone Around The Implant, Different Supporting Structures Nor The Prosthesis. In This Regard It May Be Considered A Cost Effective Treatment Option For Edentulous Patients.

Aimen Al-Gobrani, Fatma A. Abdel-Sayed, Hoda M. Abdel-Aziz And Manal Y. Fouda,

ABSTRACT
Aim Of Study: The Aim Of This Study Was To Determine The Prevalence Of Malocclusion And Orthodontic Treatment Needs Among Egyptian School Children In Matrouh Governorate In The Arab Republic Of Egypt.

Materials and Methods: Asample Of 500 Children (8-12 Years Of Age ) Were Randomly Selected From Matrouh Governorate Primary Schools. Clinical Examination Were Performed At The School Clinic.The Need For Orthodontic Treatment Was Evaluated According To Index Of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Result: Showed That Matrouh Governorate, Accepted Occlusion Represented 13.8% Of The Total Sample Malocclusion Represented 86.2% Of The Total Sample, Were 64.0% Showed Angle Class I, 14.6% Showed Angle Class II, 6.4% Showed Angle Class III, While 1.2% Showed Angle Class IV. There Were Tendency Toward Decrease In Percent Of Accepted Occlusion And Increase In Angle Class II And III Compared To Previous Egyptian Studies There Were No Sex Differences Within All Of The Occlusal Categories Dental Health Component (DHC) Of The Index Of Orthodontic Treatment Need Showed That 15.8% Of The Total Sample Were In Great Need Of Treatment, 20.6% Showed Moderate Need, While 63.6% Showed No Or Little Need For Treatment. Aesthetic Component (AC) Of The Index Of Orthodontic Treatment Need Showed That 7.4% Of The Total Sample Were In Great Need Of Treatment, 37.6% Showed Moderate Need, While 55% Showed No Or Little Need For Treatment.

Conclusions: The Percent Of Children With Great Treatment Need Regarding DHC Were (20.6%) Lower Than In Cairo (23.5%), While Regarding AC Were (7.4%) Higher Than In Mansura (4.4%). There Were No Sex Difference Within DHC And AC Components, There Were No Correlation Between Either Of DHC Or AC Components And Mixed.

Abdallah I. Al-Saadeh, Faten H.K. Eid, Fatma A. Abdel-Sayed And Hala Munir,

ABSTRACT
This Project Was Aimed To Determine The Prevalence Of Malocclusion Among School Children In Giza Governorate.

Materials and Methods: This Study Was Carried Out In Giza Governorate Where A List Of The Primary Schools And The Number Of Primary School Children Were Obtained From The Database Of The Ministry Of Education. Giza Governorate Was Divided Into Ten Regions According To Geographical Location, Two Schools Were Chosen Randomly From Each Region Using SAS Computer Software Thus, 20 Schools Were Included In This Study And A Total Number Of 1900 Schoolchildren Were Included In This Survey.

Results: Distribution Of Angle Classification: This Study Showed That 392 Children (20.6%) Had Accepted Occlusion While, 1029 Children Had Angle Class I Malocclusion Representing (54.2%) Of The Study Sample, 300 Children Had Angle Class II Malocclusion Representing (15.8%) Of The Study Sample While 163 Children Had Class III Malocclusion Representing (8.6%) Of The Study Sample And 16 Children Had Class IV Representing (0.8%) Of The Study Sample. Overjet: The Most Frequent Category Was Normal Overjet (>0�3.5mm) Which Was Found To Be (60.5%). Anterior Open Bite (<0 Mm) Was Found In (6.9%) Of The Total Sample. Conclusion: Compared To Previous Egyptian Studies, There Was A Tendency Toward Decrease In The Prevalence Of Accepted Occlusion While, There Was An Increase In Angle Class II And III Malocclusions.

Mona E, Mohamed. Z And Rasha N.S.,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Purpose Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Retention Of Two Non Metallic Machine Milled Crown Materials Using Two Different Adhesive Protocols. Methods: Twenty Intact Human Molars Were Used; Teeth Were Divided Into Two Main Groups According To The Crown Material Used, Each Group Has (10) Samples. Each Group Was Further Subdivided Into Two Subgroups According To The Type Of Resin Cement, Each Of (5) Samples. Standardized Tooth Preparation Was Carried Out By Milling Machine. Copings Were Fabricated Using Two Types Of Crown Materials: Lava Ultimate CAD CAM Blocks And IPS E.max CAD Blocks. Milled Copings Were Cemented To The Prepared Teeth Using Rely X U200 Self Adhesive Resin Cement And Rely X Ultimate Total Etch Resin Cement. All Samples Were Then Tested For Tensile Bond Strength.

Results: The Effect Of The Variables Combination (type Of Crown Material And Cement Type) On The Tensile Bond Strength Revealed That (Lava Ultimate With Rely X U200 Self-adhesive Resin Cement) Group Produced The Highest Tensile Bond Strength Compared With Combination Groups.

Conclusions: The Retentive Strength Of Lava Ultimate Ceramic Copings When Cemented With Self-adhesive Resin Cement Was The Highest.

Mustafa M. Nour, Ahmed R. Rajab And Ihab B. Almadany,

ABSTRACT


Introduction: Immediate Implant Placement Is Now Accepted In Clinical Dentistry Following A Single Tooth Extraction In The Posterior Maxillary Area.
Objectives: Presenting Stability And Success Rate Of Immediately Inserted Implants At The Site Of Palatal Root Socket Of Maxillary Molar Teeth After Their A-traumatic Extraction, As Well As Patient Satisfaction.

Materials and Methods: We Present The Clinical, Radiographic And Resonance Frequency Analysis Of Implants Placed Immediately In The Palatal Sockets Of Maxillary Molars. Conclusion: Using The Outlined Treatment Approach Of The Present Study Helps Eliminate Many Clinical Compromises Often Encountered When Placing Implants At The Time Of Maxillary Molar Extraction. These Compromises Include Non-ideal Implant Positioning In One Of The Three Extraction Sockets, Maxillary Sinus Pneumatization And Loss Of Ideal Alveolar Ridge Morphology As A Sequelae Of Post-extraction Alveolar Process Resorption.

Nourhan M. Hassan, Kalid A. El Hyes, Nermine Hassanin And Ahmed A. Zaki,

ABSTRACT
Aim Of The Study: Was To Assess The Photochemical Effect Of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) Clinically And Radiographically On Osseointegration Of Dental Implant

Materials and Methods: This Study Included 12 Females With Clinical Diagnosis Of Missing Upper Anterior Or Premolar Teeth Were Divided Into Two Groups. Patients, Divided Into Study Group And Control Group Submitted To Treatment With LLL Using Diode Laser. Study Group Received Six Delayed Implants Were Subjected To LLLT (low Level Laser Treatment) Intraoperatively During Placement Of Dental Implant,while Control Group Received Inactive Laser Using The Same Technique And Schedule As Study Group.

Results: The Results Of This Study Revealed That In The First Interval Of Change (0-3 M) There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between Both Groups, While In The Second Interval Of Change (3-6 M) Laser Group Showed Statistically Significantly Higher Values Than Control Group.

Abd-Elmotelb MA, Khattab N.M. And Moness A.M.,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Purpose Of The Study Was To Evaluate The Efficacy Of Two Different Bleaching Agents (Hydrogen Peroxide 10% Versus Carbamide Peroxide 10%) For Internal Bleaching Of Primary Teeth.

Materials and Methods: Thirty Extracted Human Primary Anterior Teeth With Intact Crowns Were Selected For The Study. Pulpectomy Was Performed And Baseline Color Evaluation With Spectrophotometer And Visual Method Was Obtained Then Each Tooth Was Artificially Stained With 2 Ml Of Fresh Rabbit Blood And Centrifuged. The Teeth Were Randomly Divided Into Three Experimental Groups Of 10 Teeth Each. 0.04 Ml Of The Each Tested Bleaching Agents Was Syringed Into The Access Cavity Of Each Tooth And, In The Control Group, 0.04 Ml Of Distilled Water Was Syringed Into The Access Cavity. Access Cavities Were Sealed With IRM. All Teeth Were Placed At 37�C In An Incubator Throughout The Experiment. The Color Of The Bleached Teeth Was Determined At 0,7 And 14 Days For Spectrophotometeric Evaluation And 0,3,7,10 And 14 Days For Visual One. The Data Obtained Were Collected, Tabulated And Subjected To Statistical Analysis Using Mann-Whitney Test.

Results: There Was Statistical Significance Among The Hydrogen Peroxide And Carbamide Peroxide Versus Control Groups Either Using Spectrophotometer Or Visual Evaluation (P=0.001). Also, There Was Significance Between Hydrogen Peroxide Versus Carbamide Peroxide At Different Observation Periods. Conclusion: The Bleaching Efficacy Of 10% Hydrogen Peroxide Gel Was More Effective Than 10% Carbamide Peroxide In Bleaching The Artificially Discolored Primary Teeth.

Hisham A. A. Qais, Hamdy A. M. Marzook And Rehab Rizk Abas El Zehary,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: This Study Was Designed To Evaluate The Influence Of Bisphosphonates And Antioxidants On Bone Healing Histologically After Surgical Defect Of Bone Tissue In Rabbits. Methods: A Total Of 60 Rabbits Were Randomly Divided Into Three Main Equal Groups: One Control Group And Two Study Groups. Three Circular 5 Mm Diameter Bony Defect Were Subjected At The Medial Surface Of The Proximal Right Tibia Using A Trephine Bur. The Bone Defects Were Left Empty (control Group, N = 20), Animals Were Treated With 0.1 Mg/kg Zoledronic Acid (Zometa) (study Group 1, N = 20), Treated With 0.1 Mg/kg Zoledronic Acid (Zometa) And Vitamin C (Cevarol) (study Group 2, N = 20). Each Group Was Divided Into 4 Subgroups (A, B, C, And D) According To The Period At Which The Animals Were Sacrificed (1, 3, 5, And 7 Weeks Respectively) For The Study And Control Groups. The Specimens Were Evaluated By Histology And Histomorphometric Analysis.

Results: There Were Highly Significant Differences Between The Groups Regarding To Amount Of Bone Formation At Different Periods Of Follow Up Either 1st, 3rd, 5th, Or 7th Weeks (P ? 0.001). Also, There Were Significant Differences Between Intra- Group Distributions Concerning To Amount Of Bone Formation At Different Periods Of Follow Up Either 1st, 3rd, 5th, Or 7th Weeks ( P1, P2, And P3 ? 0.001). Conclusion: In The Current Study It Was Found That, Proper Application Of Bisphosphonates And Antioxidants Managements, A Positive Improvement On Bone Tissue Healing Occurred.

Sherifa A. A. Kandil; Mohamed Riad Farid And Shereen Hafez,

ABSTRACT


Aim: Evaluate The Effect Of Different Surface Treatment To Dentin On Shear Bond Strength Of Zinc Modified Glass Ionomer Compared To Nano-filled Resin Modified Glass Ionomer And Assessment Of Tooth Restoration Interface Using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope.

Materials and Methods: Zinc Modified Glass Ionomer (Chemfil Rock), Nano-filled Resin Modified Glass Ionomer (Ketac� N100), Dentin Conditioner (Ketac N100 Primer) And Artificial Saliva Solution Was Prepared. Eighty Eight Sound Human Premolars Were Used. Each Tooth Was Individually Embedded Vertically In The Resin Mix; Occlusal Surface Was Grounded Flat Then The Specimens Were Stored In Saline Till The Application Of Different Glass Ionomer. The Two Types Of Glass Ionomer Were Applied With And Without Ketac N100 Primer On The Prepared Specimens Then Shear Bond Strength Test Were Performed At 24 Hours And One Month. The Tested Specimens Were Photographed Using Digital Microscope To Determine Mode Of Failure While For Interfacial Analysis SEM Was Used.

Results: It Was Found That Ketac� N100 Without Dentin Conditioning At 24 Hours Had The Lowest Mean Shear Bond Test (SBS) While Chemfil Rock Without Dentin Conditioning At 24 Hours Had The Highest Mean Shear Bond Test. The Predominant Mode Of Failure In All Specimens Was Adhesive Mode Of Failure. SEM Evaluation Revealed A Gap Between Ketac� N100 And Underlying Dentin While No Gap Between Chemfil Rock And Unconditioned Dentin But With Dentin Conditioning A Gap Was Found Between The Ketac N100 Primer And Chemfil Rock

Rofaida Atef Abbas, Ragia Mohamed Mounir And Adel Hamdy Abou Elfetouh,

ABSTRACT


Aim: To Evaluate The Accuracy Of Computer Virtual Reduction Of Mandibular Condylar Fractures Based On Patient Specific Computed Tomography Scan And It�s Impact On The Surgical Procedure. Patients And Methods: Six Patients With Displaced Sub-condylar Fracture Were Treated With Trans-oral ORIF Using Computer Assisted Virtual Planning And Simulation.

Results: The Postoperative Recovery And Healing Phase Was Uneventful In All Patients. The Mean Displacement Of The Condylar Segment Was Found To Be 3.5 Mm With Standard Deviation Of 0.2 Mm In The Axial Dimension. In The Coronal Dimension, The Mean Displacement Was Found To Be 0.7 Mm With Standard Deviation Of 0.08 Mm. In The Sagittal Dimension, The Mean Displacement Was Found To Be 2.8 Mm With Standard Deviation 0.4 Mm. Conclusion: The Surgical Treatment Of Sub-condylar Fractures Of The Mandible With The Trans-oral Approach Using Computer Assisted Virtual Planning And Simulation Offers Reliable Clinical Results And Accurate Anatomical Reduction.

Mohamed Kadry Nasr Geaisa, Hesham Abdelhakam And Adel Hamdy Abouelfetouh,

ABSTRACT


Aim: To Evaluate The Validity And Reliability Of The Computer Virtual Reduction For Anterior Mandibular Fractures Based Upon Patient Specific Computed Tomography Scan. Patients And Methods: A Total Of Nine Patients With Anterior Mandibular Fractures Were Treated With Open Reduction And Internal Fixation Using Computer Assisted Virtual Planning And Simulation.

Results: All Nine Patients Showed Uneventful Healing. Acceptable Fracture Reduction In Correlation With The Planed Virtual Reduction. The Mean Displacement Of The Proximal Segment At The Mental Foramen Was Found To Be 2.3 Mm With Standard Deviation Of 0.12 Mm In The Axial Dimension. In The Coronal Dimension, The Mean Displacement Was Found To Be 0.98 With Standard Deviation Of 0.41 Mm. In The Sagittal Dimension, The Mean Displacement Was Found To Be 1mm With Standard Deviation 0.9 Mm. Conclusion: Preoperative Simulation And Visualization Can Be A Valuable Tool In Planning Of Craniofacial Surgery And Reducing The Operating Time And The Accuracy Of The Final Reduction.

Tarek F. Mounir, Mohammed F. Abdallah And Amal F. Kaddah,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Aim Of This Study Is To Compare The Electromyographic Muscle Activity Of Both The Buccinator And Temporalis Muscles In Patients Wearing Implants Supported Mandibular Over-dentures Using Two Different Types Of Attachments Namely: A) Bar Attachments. B) Magnet Attachments.

Materials and Methods: Ten Patients Were Selected Having Completely Edentulous Upper And Lower Arches, Divided Into Two Groups, Group A Having Implant-supported Mandibular Overdenture With Bar Attachment And Group B Having Implant-supported Mandibular Overdenture With Magnetic Attachment. In Both Groups, The Implants Were Placed In The Canine Region, Muscular Evaluation Was Performed In Each Phase During The Study By Using A Digital Electromyogram (EMG)* Muscular Activity, Represented By The Root Mean Square Value (RMS), Was Evaluated.

Results: The Data Obtained From The Present Study Showed That There Was No Significant Difference Between Bar And Magnet Attachments According To Muscular Activity Measured. Conclusion: Within The Limitations Of This Study, It Was Concluded That: In Elderly Patients, The Treatment With 2 Inter-foramina Implants Provides Evidence Of Neuromuscular Adaptation Towards Values Of Healthy Dentate, Thus The Known Benefits Of Implant Placement Such As Tissue Perseverance And Improved Function Are Complemented By Improved Neuromuscular Adaptation. II. There Was No Significant Difference Between Bar And Magnet Attachments Regarding The Muscular Activity Measured.

Ahmed Mohamed Amer, Ahmed Gamal Hamzawi And Emad MT Mahmoud Agamy,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Aim Of This Study Was To Compare The Effect Of The Implant Position On Stress Distribution In Bilateral Distal Extension Free End Saddle (Kennedy Class I), Through Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis (3D FEA). Method: A 3D Finite Element Model Of Mandibular Bilateral Distal Free End Saddle RPD Was Established, Using Single Implant For Support. Three Variant Implant Positions Were Studied; At The Position Of The 2nd Premolar, 1st Molar, And 2nd Molar. Unilateral Vertical Load Of (150 N) Was Applied And Distributed On The Central Fossae Of Posterior Teeth On The Right Side. The Biomechanical Behaviours Of Peri-implant Bone, Implant, Mucosa And Overdenture Were Recorded At Each Situation.

Results: The Highest Stress On Implant And The Surrounding Structures Was In The 2nd Premolar Area. The Best Stress Readings Of The Implant And The Surrounding Structures Were At The 2nd Molar Region, Except For The Periodontal Ligament Buccal Of The Right Canine; At The Same Side Of Load Application. No Overloading Was Recorded At Any Of The Supporting Structures. The Maximum Stresses Occurring At Any Part Were Less Than The Yield Strength Of The Respective Material And Within The Biological Range. Conclusion And Clinical Significance: Within The Limitations Of The Current Study; It Could Concluded That The Best Implant Location For Implant Assisted Bilateral Long Span Distal Extension RPDs, Regarding Stress Distribution, Would Be The 2nd Molar Region. Additional Research Is Recommended And Further Verification Should Be Carried Out In Clinical Cases In Order To Gain A More Accurate Clinical Guidelines.

Ehab Ahmed Farghaly, Ahmed Hassanien, Zahrah Eldawakhly And Tamer Mounir Nassef,

ABSTRACT
This Study Evaluates The Effect Of Connector Design, (radii Of Gingival Embrasure Angel 0.5 And 1 Mm), And The Veneering Techniques, (Press- On And CAD-On), On The Biomechanics Of Implant Supported Three Units Posterior All Ceramic FPD. A 3-dimentional Finite Element Models Were Constructed Representing Two Implants Together With Implant Abutments Which Were Positioned In Place Of Missing Lower Second Premolar And Second Molar In A An Epoxy Resin Full Arch Model. A Three Unit FPD Virtually Constructed Using IPS E.max ZirCAD Blocks, With A Framework 0.5 Mm Radii Of Curvature At The Gingival Embrasure Of The Connector And Another Framework With 1 Mm Radii Of Curvature At The Gingival Embrasure Of The Connector With The Two Veneering Techniques: Press-on And Cad-on Which Were Virtually Placed Over The Implant Fixtures. Load Was Virtually Applied At The Gingival Fossa Of The Pontic Similarly To The Mechanical Testing And Stresses Were Analyzed. For The Cad- On Group It Was Found That 0.5 Mm Connector Recorded Higher Von Misses Stresses Mean Value (26.37 MPa) Than 1 Mm Connector Mean Value (21.25 MPa). For The Press- On Group The 1 Mm Connector Recorded Lower Von Misses Stresses Mean Value (22.84 MPa) Than 0.5 Connector Mean Value (27.25 MPa). With 0.5 Mm Connector Curvature Design; It Was Found That CAD On Group Recorded Lower Von Misses Stresses Mean Value (26.37MPa) Than Press On Group Mean Value (27.25 MPa). And With 1 Mm Connector Curvature Design; It Was Found That Press On Group Recorded Higher Von Misses Stresses Mean Value (22.84 MPa) Than CAD On Group Mean Value (21.25 MPa). It Was Concluded That The Design Of 1 Mm Gingival Connector Curvature Radii Showed Higher Load To Failure When Compared To The 0.5mm Gingival Connector Curvature Radii Design, And CAD-on Veneering Technique Has Higher Mean Fatigue Failure Than The Press-on Veneering Technique.

Sarah M.S., Amr H. El-Bolok And Enas A.A.,

ABSTRACT
Aim Of Study: To Evaluate The Expression Of Growth Factor Receptor Bounded Protein 2 (Grb2) And Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor2 (HER2) In Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor (KCOT).

Materials and Methods: 30 KCOT Paraffin Blocks Were Stained Immunohistochemically For Grb2 And HER2. Immunostaining Was Measured As Area Fraction And The Results Were Analyzed Statistically. P Value < 0.05 Was Considered Significant.

Results: All Cases Of KCOT Showed Positive Nuclear And Cytoplasmic Reaction For Grb2 And Nuclear Reaction For HER2. A Significant Positive Correlation Was Found Between HER2 And Grb2 Expression In KCOT. Conclusion: HER2 And GRB2 Play A Significant Role In The Proliferation, Pathogenesis And Progression Of KCOT. Grb2/HER2 Signaling Pathway Plays A Role In The Pathogenesis Of KCOT.

Lamia N. Metwally , Mokhtar N. Ibrahim , Omaima H. Ghallab And Amin E. Amin,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To Evaluate The Effect Of Different Doses Of Ionizing Radiation And Storage Times On The Microleakage Of Two Different Types Of Glass Ionomer Restorative Materials; Conventional And Resin Modified.

Materials and Methods: Standardized Cylindrical Class V Cavities Were Performed In 80 Bovine Incisors. Teeth Were Divided Into Two Main Groups According To The Type Of The Glass Ionomer Material Used Restoring The Cavities; Conventional Or Resin Modified (n=40). Both Groups Were Further Divided Into Four Subgroups According To Irradiation Dose; Zero Gray (control Group), 10 Gray, 30 Gray And 60 Gray (n=10). Each Group Was Measured For Microleakage At Three Time Intervals; 3 Weeks; 6 Weeks And 12 Weeks After The End Of The Radiation Exposure. Microleakage Testing Was Performed Using Fluid Filtration Device. Values Of Microleakage In �l/min/20 Psi Were Collected, Tabulated And Statistically Analyzed. Data Was Presented As Mean And Standard Deviation Values, The Significant Level Was Set At P ?0.05.

Results: Mixed Model ANOVA Showed That The Groups Of (control And 10 Gray) Had Statistically Significant Lower Microleakage Values Than (30 Gray And 60 Gray) Groups (p<0.05). There Was A Statistical Significant Effect Of The Type Of Glass Ionomer On The Microleakage. The Interaction Between The Storage Times, The Type Of Glass Ionomer And The Irradiation Doses Was Only Significant In 60 Gray Group P=0.038 For The Conventional Glass Ionomer Group And P=0.014 For The RMGI Group).

Conclusions: Within The Limitations Of This Study, It Was Concluded That: The Time Of Storage Didn�t Have Any Influence On The Microleakage Of Class V Glass Ionomer Restorations. The Variation Of The Chemical Composition Of Glass Ionomer Affected The Microlekage Of Class V Glass Ionomer Restorations And The High Therapeutic Radiation Doses Had A Direct Effect On The Microleakage Of Class V Glass Ionomer Restorations.

Omaima H. Ghallab , Rana A. Sedky And Amin E. Amin,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Aim Of This In Vitro Study Was To Evaluate The Effect Of Different Doses Of Ionizing Radiation On The Microleakage Of Tooth/resin Composite Restoration Interface Using Qualitative And Quantitative Methods.

Materials and Methods: Standardized Cylindrical Class V Cavities Were Prepared On The Labial Surfaces Of 40 Extracted Bovine Permanent Incisors. The Teeth Were Randomly Divided Into 4 Groups (n=10) According To The Irradiation Dose Received In Gray (Gy); (zero, 10Gy, 30 Gy& 60 Gy). The Cavities Were Restored With Resin Composite (Artiste) Using A Solvent-free Self-etching Adhesive (Bond 1 SF). After Restoration Of The Prepared Cavities, The Irradiation Doses Were Delivered As One Shot. All Specimens Were Stored In Distilled Water For Six Months Till Testing For Microleakage Using Fluid Filtration System And Dye Penetration Method. Data Was Analyzed Using One-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney And Spearman�s Correlation Tests.

Results: No Statistical Significant Effect Of Different Radiation Doses On Microleakage (P> 0.05) By Fluid Filtration Method. Dye Penetration Showed A Highly Statistical Significant Difference Between The Non-radiated And Radiated Groups (P <0.05). Fluid Filtration And Dye Penetration Assessments Showed A Weak And Non Statistical Significant Correlation.

Conclusions: Within The Limitations Of This In-vitro Study, It Was Concluded That: The Effectiveness Of Interface Assessments; Qualitative And Quantitative Seemed To Be Same. The Grays Of Ionizing Radiation Doses Did Not Affect The Interface Profile Regarding The Microleakage Assessment. The Time Elapsed In The Test Played A Great Role In Data Registration-criticism.

Eman M. Raffat , Ahmed K. Khalifa And Moustafa Abdou Elsyad,

ABSTRACT


Aim: This Study Aimed To Evaluate And Compare The Retention Of Telescopic And Milled Bar Attachments For Four Implant Supported Maxillary Overdenture.

Materials and Methods: An Acrylic Resin Model Of An Edentulous Maxilla Without Alveolar Undercuts Was Fabricated And Four Laboratory Implants Were Inserted In The Canine And Second Premolar Areas. Mucosal Simulation Was Fabricated Over The Model. Maxillary Experimental Overdenture Were Constructed Over The Model And Connected To The Model With Either Telescopic (group I) Or Milled Bar Attachment (group II). The Universal Testing Machine Was Used To Apply Vertically Oriented 4 Points Tensile Loads On A Metal Plate Attached To The Model With 4 Metal Chains Until The Attachments Separated From The Abutments. Maximum Load Needed To Dislodge The Experimental Overdenture From The Maxillary Test Model (retentive Force) Were Calculated. Initial Retentive Forces And Retentive Forces After Repeated Insertions And Removals (540 Cycles) Were Calculated.

Results: Milled Bar Attachment Recorded The Highest Initial And Final Retentive Forces, While Telescopic Attachment Recoded The Lowest One.

Conclusions: Milled Bar Attachment Recorded Significant Higher Retention Compared To Telescopic Attachment.

Hosny N S, Negm M M And Ghoneim A G,

ABSTRACT


Aim: The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate And Compare Smart Paste Bio Sealer With AH Plus Sealer Regarding The Push-out Bond Strength After Various Irrigation Protocols (95% Ethanol, Distilled Water, 5.25%NaOCl And QMix 2 In1).

Materials & Methods: Forty Extracted Single Canalled Maxillary Incisor Human Teeth Were Standardized To 15 Mm Length And Mechanically Instrumented Using ProTaper Universal Rotary Files To File Size F4. The Roots Were Randomly Divided Into Two Groups (n=20) According To The Filling Material Used. Group 1 (Smart Paste Bio+Propoint F4) And Group 2 (AH Plus+gutta Percha F4). Each Group Was Subdivided Into Four Subgroups (n=5) According To The Final Irrigating Solution Used Before Obturation. Subgroup A: 2ml Of 95% Ethanol. Subgroup B: 2 Ml Of Distilled Water. Subgroup C: 2ml Of 5.25% NaOCl. Subgroup D: 2ml Of QMix 2in 1. The Specimens Were Obturated With The Single Cone Technique. Then The Roots Were Sectioned Into Three Horizontal Sections Of 2 Mm Thickness, Cut From Coronal, Middle And Apical Thirds Of Each Root. Each Section Was Prepared For Push-out Test Using Universal Testing Machine.

Results: Group 1 Recorded Statistically Significant Higher Push-out Bond Strength Than Group 2. Subgroup C (5.25% NaOCl) Recorded Statistically Significant The Highest Mean Push-out Bond Strength Followed By Subgroup A (95% Ethanol) Followed By Subgroup (B) And (C) Which Recorded The Lowest Push-out Bond Strength Values. Bond Strength Values Were Significantly Higher In The Coronal And Middle Segments In Comparison To Apical Segments. Conclusion: Smart Paste Bio Sealer Produced The Highest Bond Strength Compared To AH Plus Sealer When Single Cone Technique Was Used And Bond Strength Was Differentially Affected By Irrigation Regimens.

Hesham Samy Borg, Hoda Mohamed Amin Rashad, Mohamed Maamoun El-Sheikh And Noha Ossama Abd El-Aziz Issa,

ABSTRACT
Measurements Of Inter Implant Distance Through Two Various Methods Were Evaluated And Compared.

Materials and Methods: Fifteen Completely Edentulous Patientswith Two Mandibulary Inserted Implant Were Selected For This Study. The Distance Between Two Implants Was Measured In The Computerized Way Using Cone Beam Software. The Inter- Implant Distance Was Measured By Clinical Way Using Digital Caliper. The Data Gained By 2 Ways Of Measurements Were Compared.

Results: The Calculated Mean Of Clinically Measured Inter-implant Distances Was (25.149� 4.9244) While Cone Beam Measurements Of Inter Implant Distancewas (25.375� 4.7777) Of The Same Distance Revealing No Significant Difference Between Both Method. Conclusion: No Significant Differences Between Inter Implants Distances By Using Clinical Measurements Distances And Post-operative Distances On The Cone Beam.

Sara H El-Banna, Ahmed M Halawa, Hanaa M El-Shenawy And Dina M Abdel Khalek,

ABSTRACT


Introduction: Intraoral Soft Tissue Esthetics Has Become A Significant Aspect Of Dentistry And Clinicians Are Faced With Achieving Acceptable Gingival Esthetics As Well As Addressing Biologic And Functional Problems. Aim Of Study: Was To Evaluate The Effect Of Diode Laser Irradiation On Gingival Depigmentation.

Materials and Methods: 3 Watts Continuous Mode Diode Laser Was Used To Remove Gingival Hyperpigmentation Of Dogs. Specimens Were Divided According To The Follow Up Periods Of (1, 2, 4 And 8 Weeks) Where The Experimental Specimens Were Contralateral To The Control Ones. Specimens Were Evaluated Pre- And Post-treatment Histologically Using H&E And Ultrastructurally By Transmission Electron Microscope.

Results: Histological And Ultrastructural Evaluation Revealed A Decrease In Melanin Content In The Follow Up Periods Compared To The Baseline. Meanwhile, The Recurrence Of Melanin Was Observed More In Groups Of 4 And 8 Weeks After Laser Irradiation Yet Did Not Reach The Baseline.

Mohamed Sawi Mohamed, Nadia. A. Abbas And Mohamed. F. Abdallah,

ABSTRACT
AIM: In-vitro Study Was Carried-out To Compare The Dimensional Accuracy Of Three Different Viscosities Of Additional Elastomeric Polyvinyl Siloxane Impression Material (PVS)

Materials and Methods: Fabrication Of Custom Tray On Acrylic Model (Kennedy Class II Modification Then An Impression Was Made Using Three Deferent Viscosity Of Polyvinyl Siloxane Impression Material. The Impression Was Divided Into Four Groups. Group I: Impressions Using Light Polyvinyl Siloxane, Group II: Impression Using Medium Polyvinyl Siloxane, Group III: Impression Using Heavy Polyvinyl Siloxane, Group IV: Impression Using Three Viscosities In Single Impression. Finally Measurement From Acrylic Cast Was Recorded And Compared To That Measured From The Stone Cast Poured From The Different Viscosities Of The Impression Materials.

Results: When The Three Viscosities Used Together In The Same Tray They Produced Less Accurate Cast Than Medium Alone. However It Was More Accurate Than Light And Heavy Viscosities

Rabab Ismail Abdel Fattah, Mohsen Hussein Abielhassan And Hossam El-Din Al-Mandouh El-Husiny,

ABSTRACT
The Aim Of This Study Was To Compare The Re-mineralizing Potential Of Two Novel Bioactive Glasses (BAGs), Based On The Particle Size I.e, Conventional And Nano-sized Particles In Comparison To A Conventional Commercially Available Tooth Mousse (casein Phosphopeptide � Amorphous Calcium Phosphate CPP-ACP) On Human Enamel And Dentin. A Total Number Of 15 Extracted Caries-free Human Permanent Molars Were Used In The Study To Form 60 Enamel And Dentin Slabs. The Slabs Were Divided Into Two Groups According To The Tooth Substrate; Enamel (A1) And Dentin (A2); 30 Slabs Each. Each Group Was Furtherly Subdivided Equally Into Three Subgroups According To The Remineralizing Agent Used; Ten Slabs Each; Conventional Size BAG (B1), Nano-sized BAG (B2) And Tooth Mousse (B3). Each Subgroup Was Furtherly Divided Into Two Classes According To The Time Of Application Of Remineralizing Agent; Five Slabs Each; Two Minutes (C1) And Eight Minutes (C2). Slabs Were Soaked In A Demineralizing Solution For Two Days. Treated Specimens Were Subsequently Stored In Artificial Saliva (pH 7.4), At 37�C For Seven Days. Artificial Saliva Was Replaced With Fresh One Every 24 Hours. Specimens Were Analyzed, Both Quantitatively And Qualitatively Using EDAX And ESEM Respectively After Both Demineralization And Remineralization Times. EDAX Revealed That All Remineralizing Agents Had Remineralizing Potential When Applied On Enamel And Dentin Except For Conventional BAG And CPP-ACP When Applied For Two Minutes On Enamel.

Sana M. Mansour, Essam E. Al-wakeel And Neven S. Aref,

ABSTRACT


Purpose: This Study Investigated The Effect Of Microwave Post-polymerization Treatment Of Bulk- Fill Resin Composite Used As Indirect Restoration Regarding; Degree Of Conversion, Surface Micohardness, Compressive Strength And Fracture Toughness.

Materials and Methods: Two Nanohybrid Resin Composites Were Used In The Study; One Is Incrementally-placed And The Other Is Bulk-fill. For Each Test, Ten Specimens Of Each Resin Composite Type Were Prepared According To Manufacturer�s Instructions (group I And II) And Divided Into Two Equal Subgroups; One (Ia And IIa) As A Control And The Other Subgroup (Ib And IIb) Exposed To A Microwave Post-polymerization Treatment At 550 W For 4 Min. The Degree Of Conversion, Compressive Strength, Surface Micohardness And Fracture Toughness Of The Different Groups Were Calculated. Student�s T-test Was Used To Analyze And Compare The Collected Data (p < 0.05).

Results: Bulk-fill Resin Composite Exhibited A Significant Increase In The Compressive Strength, And Fracture Toughness Mean Values Than Those Of The Incrementally-placed One. For Both Incrementally-placed And Bulk-fill Resin Composites, Significant Differences Between The Degree Of Conversion, Compressive Strength, Surface Micohardness And Fracture Toughness Means Of The Microwave-treated Group And Those Of The Control Group Were Detected.

Conclusions: Microwave Post-polymerization Treatment Is A Valuable Technique For Enhancing The Degree Of Conversion, Compressive Strength, Microhardness And Fracture Toughness Of Nanohybrid Resin Composites, Either Bulk-fill Or Incrementally-placed One When Used As Indirect Restoration. Bulk-fill Resin Composite Is A Material Of Choice For Indirect Restorations (inlays And Onlays).

Aliaa A Refaie, Ahmed H Wahba And Salwa M Awad,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Purpose Of This Study Was To Investigate The Effect Of Dentists� Appearance And Decoration Of The Dental Clinic On Child Anxiety Using Frankl Scale For Behaviors And Facial Image Scale. Methods: The Study Was Conducted On 280 Children Their Age Ranged Between 3-6 Years. They Had Been Selected From Pediatric Dentistry Clinic, Faculty Of Dentistry, Mansoura University. The Children Were Randomly Divided Into Two Main Groups According To The Sample Design. In The First Group, Anxiety Of 240 Children Were Evaluated In Relation To Different Variables Of Dentists� Appearance ( Age ,sex ,attire, Protective Wear). In The Second Group, Anxiety Of Other 40 Children Were Evaluated In Relation To Different Clinic Decoration (general Design Or Pediatric Design) Researcher Had Standard Dentists� Appearance (white Coat With Standard Protective Wear). All Participated Children Were Subjected To Examination; Polishing, Excavation (debris, Soft Caries) And Application Of Temporary Filling. Their Behaviors Were Recorded By Researcher According To Frankl Scale And They Asked To Select Their Anxiety Level Using FIS.

Results: In The First Group, Children�s Anxiety Decreased When They Were Treated By Female Operators Wearing Pediatric Coat And Decorated Protective Wear .However, Anxiety Increased With The Operators Wearing Surgical Scrub And Standard Protective Wear. In The Second Group, Children Were Very Happy To Be Treated In Pediatric Dental Clinic Design Over General Dental Clinic Design. There Was High Statistically Significant Difference (p<0.001). Conclusion: Children Have Strong Preferences Regarding The Appearance Of Their Dentist And Dental Clinics .That Could Greatly Improve A Patient�s Perception Of The Care They Receive. Children�s Anxiety Decreased With Female Operators Wearing Pediatric Colored Coat And Decorated Protective Wear. Also, Children Were Very Happy To Be Treated By Operator Of The Same Gender And In Decorated Dental Clinic Design.

Injy A. El-Sebaie, Nagwa A. Ghoname, Hussein I. Saudi And Rasha A. Alm El-Din,

ABSTRACT
It Is A Dental Disaster For Child To Lose His Primary Teeth Before The Age Of Normal Exfoliation. There Is No Better Replacement Than The Natural Tooth When It Is Rendered Free Of Infection.
Objectives: This Study Was Performed To: 1) Evaluate The Clinical And Radiographic Effect Of 3Mix Compared To 15 Concentration Of Buckley�s Formula Of Formocresol As A Pulpotomy Agent In Non-vital Primary Molars. 2) Assess Their Antibacterial Effect Of 3Mix And 15 Concentration Of Buckley�s Formula Of Formocresol.

Materials and Methods: In This Clinical Trial, Non-vital Pulpotomy Was Performed On 60 Primary Mandibular Molars Out Of 30 Children Aged Four To Seven Years. The Teeth Were Randomly Divided Into Two Groups According To The Material Used With 30 Teeth In Each Group. Group I, The Teeth Were Treated In One Visit Using 3 Mix. Group II, The Teeth Were Treated In Two Visits Using 15 Formocresol. All The Teeth Were Sealed With Glass Ionomer Cement Then Finally Restored With Stainless-steel Crowns. Clinical And Radiographic Evaluation Was Carried Out At Three, Six, And Nine Months Intervals. The Antibacterial Effect Of 3 Mix And 15 Formocresol Against Escherichia Coli And Staphylococcus Aureus Were Determined By Agar Diffusion Method. �

Results:�The Overall Clinical Success Rate Was 96.2% In 3Mix Group Compared To 85.1% In Formocresol Group. While, Radiographic Success Rate Was 85.1% And 77.7% In Both Groups Respectively. No Statistically Significant Differences Were Found Between The Two Groups Clinically Or Radiographically. The Antibacterial Results Showed That 3Mix Presented The Largest Inhibitory Zones Against Escherichia Coli And Staphylococcus Aureus Compared To 15 Formocresol With Statistically Significant Difference Between The Two Tested Materials.

Conclusions:�The Triantibiotic Paste (3Mix) Is A Promising Material In Fulfilling Its Role In The Treatment Of Non-vital Primary Molars Through Non-instrumental Endodontic Treatment.

Aisha Ali Abdo Albahbah, Moustafa Abduo Elsyad And Radwa M.K. Emera,

ABSTRACT


Purpose: This Study Aimed To Evaluate Of Different Degrees Of Lingual Implant Inclination On Retention Of Locator Attachments Used For 2-implant Retained Mandibular Overdentures .

Materials and Methods: Four Identical Acrylic Resin Models Representing A Completely Edentulous Mandibular Ridges Were Used. Each Model Received Two Implants Inserted At Canine Area Bilaterally With Different Degree Of Lingual Inclination. Group I (0,control), Group II (5), Group III (10), And Group IV (20). For Each Degree Of Implant Inclination Retention (vertical Dislodging Forces). The Residual Ridge And The Retromlar Regions For Each Acrylic Resin Model Was Covered By Base Plate Wax To Simulate The Oral Mucosa. Four Acrylic, Metal Reinforced Overdenture Was Fabricated And Connected To The Implants Using Locator Attachments. U Tilizing The Universal Testing Machine, Vertical And 3 Types Of Rotational (anterior, Lateral And Posterior) Dislodgments Were Performed On A Metal Plate Attached To The Model With Metal Chains Until The Attachments Separated From The Abutments. The Initial Retentive Force (maximum Dislodging Force) And Final Retention After 540 Cycles Of Insertions And Removals Were Measured For Each Example. Results : For Initial Retentive Force And Retentive Force After Repeated Insertions And Removals, 0 Degree Inclination Recorded The Highest Retentive Forces, Followed By 5 Degrees, And 10 Degrees (whitout Significant Differences ) And 20 Degree Recoreded The Lowest Retention Values.Locator Transparent Recoreded The Highest Retentive Force, Followed By Locator Nylon Pink, Locator Nylon Blue, Locator Nylon Green, And Locator Nylon Red Recorded The Lowest Retention Values.

Conclusions: For Parallel (0o), And Medium (10o) Inclination, The Highest Initial And Final Retention And Stability Was Noted With Transparent Inserts, Followed By Pink Inserts, And Blue Inserts Showed The Lowest Values. For Slight Inclination (5o), The Highest Initial And Final Retention And Stability Was Noted With Blue Inserts. For Sever Implant (20o) Inclination, The Highest Initial And Final Retention And Stability Was Noted With Transparent Inserts And The Lowest Values Were Noted For Red Inserts.

Mona Mahmoud Mohamed, Mai Mahmoud Yousry And Amir Hafez Ibrahim,

ABSTRACT
This Study Was Conducted To Evaluate The Effect Of Curing Direction (occlusal And Transtooth Polymerization), And Curing Time, As Well As The Influence Of Remaining Wall Thickness, As Reflected By Cavity Width On The Depth Of Cure Of Bulk-fill Resin Composite Proximal Restorations.

Materials and Methods: A Total Of 40 Sound Human Maxillary Premolar Teeth Were Used In This Study. The Occluso-gingival Height Of Teeth Was Of A Minimum Of 4.3mm And The Bucco-lingual Dimension Of The Selected Teeth Was 8.6-10.5 Mm; All Dimensions Were Measured Using A Digital Caliper. The Teeth Were Divided Into 2 Groups Of 20 Each According To The Curing Direction; Either Occlusal Curing According To Manufacturer�s Instructions, Transtooth Curing From The Buccal And Lingual Direction. Standardized Box Shaped Cavities Were Prepared On Proximal Surfaces Of Each Tooth Having Occluso-gingival Depth Of 4 Mm, Axial Wall Depth 1.5 Mm And 3 Mm Bucco-lingual Width. All Prepared Cavities Were Restored Using X-tra Fil Bulk Fill Resin Composite Placed In One 4 Mm Increment And Then Cured. Each Specimen Was Then Sectioned In A Mesio-distal Direction And Each Half Was Poured In Acrylic Resin Block. Then, Vickers Hardness Number (VHN) Was Determined On The Top And The Bottom Surfaces (0.1 From Occlusal Surface And 0.1 Mm From Gingival Wall) Using Digital Display Vickers Micro-hardness Tester. Two Way ANOVA Was Used To Study The Effect Of Different Curing Direction.

Results: The Tested Bulk-fill Resin Composite (X-tra Fil) Achieved At Least 80% Depth Of Cure Value At 4mm Thickness With Irradiation Time 10 Seconds. Regarding The Curing Direction, A Non-significant Difference In Depth Of Cure Between Occlusal And Transtooth Curing Was Revealed (P>0.5). The Bottom Microhardness Also Showed A Non-significant Difference Between Curing Directions (P>0.5). While For Top Microhardness, Occlusal Curing Showed Significantly Higher Value Than Transtooth Curing (P>0.5). Conclusion: An Acceptable Depth Of Cure Could Be Achieved With 4mm Increment Of Bulk-fill Resin Composite.

Amr M. Ali Elsayed Aboulenain, Abeer Mostafa Abdellatif And Rizk Abd-Alla I. El-Agamy,

ABSTRACT
Background: Many Measurement Techniques Have Been Used To Examine The Psychological Condition Of Children During Dental Procedures, Including Behavioral Ratings, Psychometric Scales, Self-reports, And Projective Techniques. Communication Is Multisensory, However The Most Common Means Of Communication With Young Children Is Through Spoken Language As The Second Language Often Makes The Dental Procedure More Acceptable To Patients. Aim Of The Study: This Study Was Conducted To Study The Effects Of Different Modifications Of Second Language On Child�s Behavior In The Dental Office. Materials And Method: This Study Was Conducted On A Total Of 180 Healthy Egyptian Pediatric Dental Patients (90 Boys And 90 Girls) In The Pediatric Dental Clinics Of Faculty Of Dentistry, Mansura University, Egypt. They Comprised Three Equal Groups Of Males And Females For Performing Restorative Or Pulp Therapy Under Local Anesthesia Using Different Word Substitutes During The Procedure. Each Group Was Dealt With Using A List Of Word Substitutes For The Different Instruments And Tools In Two Stages: Pre-operatory Stage (before Anesthesia) And Operatory Stage (after Anesthesia And During The Procedure). The Child�s Behavior Was Rated During The Treatment Session By Using Frankle Scale And Venham 6 Point Index. At The End Of Dental Treatment, Each Child Was Asked To Name Each Instrument And Tool We Showed To Him /her During The Procedures. All Data Were Recorded In A Specially Designed Sheet.

Results: There Was A Clear Positive Correlation And Agreement Between A Suitable Second Language And Child�s Behavior In All Stages Of Dental Treatment. The Majority Of Children Showed Low Stress And Positive Perception Toward Dental Treatment. With Respect To Gender There Was No Significant Difference Between Males And Females In Assessment Of Child�s Behavior. Conclusion: The Use Of Second Language Plays A Major Role In The Interaction Between The Pediatric Dentist And The Child Patient And The Easier The Word Substitute, The Better Is The Behavior Of Children In The Dental Clinic. There Was A Clear Positive Correlation And Agreement Between Good Suitable Second Language And Child�s Behavior In All Stages Of Dental Treatments.

Khouloud Mohamed Zaher, Rana Mahmoud Sherif And Maha Ahmed Taymour,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Aim Of The Study Was To Assess The Fracture Resistance Of IPS E.max CAD (E) Compared To VITA Suprinity(S) Crowns. Methods: A Stainless Steel Die Was Custom Made To Simulate Mandibular First Molar Preparation, Then It Was Duplicated Into Twenty Epoxy Resin Dies. After Scanning The Stainless-steel Die, The Crowns Were Milled. The Samples Were Randomly Divided In To Two Equal Groups (n=20) According To The Material Type (E And S). After Milling, The Crowns Were Finished, Polished And Glazed Prior To The Crystallization Process. The Crowns Were Then Cemented. All Samples Were Subjected To Fracture Resistance Testing Under A Compressive Load Of 5(KN) And At A Crosshead Speed Of 1 Mm/min. Data Was Collected, Tabulated And Statistically Analyzed. The Failure Mode Was Then Examined Photographically Using A Digital Camera.

Results: The Fracture Resistance Testing For The Samples Of Group (E) And (S) Showed That There Was No Statistical Significant Difference Between The Two Groups Where The Mean Values Were ((1767.88�258.55 N) And (1505.73�91.48 N) Respectively. Both Materials Showed Favorable And Unfavorable Pattern Of Failure. Conclusion: The IPS E.max CAD And VITA SUPRINITY Both Showed High Fracture Resistance Values And Thus Can Be Safely Used In The Posterior Region.

Rasha I. Abdalla, Amal Kaddah And Ahmed Fayyad,

ABSTRACT
Dental Implants Have Completely Altered The World Of Edentulism; Despite The Tremendous Efforts Exerted, There Are Still Many Controversies Regarding The Retention Of Implant Attachments To Be Used In Implant Supported Overdentures Which Will Affect The Patient Satisfaction And Preference. The Question Here Arises - Will The Mandibular Magnet Implant Overdentures In Comparison To Mandibular Ball And Socket Retained Implant Overdentures Result In An Improvement On Retention?

Materials and Methods: Patients Were Randomly Assigned Into Two Equal Groups. Patients Of Group I Were Allocated To Two Implants Supported Overdenture Retained With Ball And Socket Attachment While Those Of Group II Were Allocated To Two Implants Supported Overdenture Retained With Magnet Attachment. Retention Was Measured For Each Group At Baseline, 1month, 3months And 6 Months By Using A Digital Force-meter While Patients� Satisfaction Was Assessed Using Oral Health Impact Profile Questionnaire (OHIP 14). The Assessment Was Made At Baseline (1 Week) After Denture Insertion And Six Months Follow-up Period. Result: Ball And Socket Group Showed Higher Retention Values Than Magnet Group, With No Statistically Significant Difference Between Mean Retention Loss Values In The Two Groups. Patient�s Satisfaction Was High In Both Groups With Statistically Significant Decrease In Mean OHIP-14 Scores After 6 Months In Each Group Conclusion: Implant Retained Mandibular Overdenture With Magnet Or Ball And Socket Attachments Is A Successful Treatment Option Regarding The Retention, Improved Overall Function And Patient Satisfaction Over Six Months Observation Period But With Higher Retention Values For Ball And Socket Attachments.

Fady A. Issa, Hesham Katamish And Tarek Salah Morsi,

ABSTRACT
The Purpose Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Performance Of New Hybrid-ceramics As Anterior And Posterior Implant Supported Abutments Under Cyclic Loading As A One-piece Hybrid Abutment And Measure Their Fracture Resistance. 20 Implant Analogues Were Embedded In Acrylic Resin Blocks. Titanium Base Was Placed And Scanned. Samples Were Designed As Upper Central Incisors And Upper First Premolars Using Exocad Software For CAD/CAM Milling Using VITA ENAMIC Blocks. All Abutments Were Permanently Cemented To Titanium Base Using Resin Cement. All Samples Were Subjected To Cyclic Fatigue Loading Followed By Fracture Resistance Testing Of Surviving Specimens. Posterior One-piece Hybrid Abutment Samples Showed Higher Survival Rate Than Posterior One-piece Abutments During Cyclic Loading. The Mean Fracture Loads Of The One-piece Hybrid Abutments Both Anterior & Posterior Were 304 N And 417.6 N Respectively. Fractographic Analysis Confirmed That Crack Originated From The Occlusal Surface (under The Indenter) And Spread To Restoration Margins, Which Lead To Clean Bulk Fracture Of The Samples.

Basmah El-Sayed, Fatma Mohamed, Rehab R. El-Zehery And Mohammed Grawish,

ABSTRACT
Periodontal Disease Is Currently One Of The Major Health Problems Worldwide. Unfortunately Once The Periodontal Tissues Are Destructed, Periodontal Regeneration Is Quite Difficult And Current Regenerative Techniques Do Not Produce Satisfactory Results. Recently Many New Regenerative Therapies Have Emerged And Are Considered Favorable Candidates For Periodontal Regeneration. Rats Serve As One Of The Suitable And Most Common Animal Models Used In Preclinical Experiments Evaluating New Treatments For Periodontal Regeneration.

Hossam Hassan Soliman Hassan, Amal Hessein Mubarak, Fatema El Zahraa Awad Sayed, Ahmed Mohamed Osama And Sherihan Mohamed Eissa Ali,

ABSTRACT
Background: Fracture Strength And Hardness Could Be Found To Be Sensitive To The Curing Techniques Of The Polymerized Resins; The Hardness Is An Efficient Technique To Judge The Polymerisation Depth Of Resin Materials.

Aim: Compare The Effect Of Curing Techniques On The Fracture Resistance Of Implant Retained Acrylic Resin Overdenture Bases. Method: Acrylic Resin Denture Bases Had Been Divided Into Three Groups According To The Technique Of Polymerization (group I: Heat Cured Acrylic Resin, Group II: Microwave Cured Acrylic Resin, Group III: Light Cured Acrylic Resin). Universal Testing Machine Had Been Used To Measure Fracture Strength And Vicker`s Hardness Tester Had Been Used To Measure Vicker�s Hardness.

Results: Light Cured (Eclipse) Denture Base Resin Revealed Significantly Higher Fracture Strength And Hardness Properties, As Compared To The Water Bath And Microwave Polymerization Methods. Conventional Heat Cured Resin Demonstrated Significantly Higher Fracture Strength And Hardness Properties, As Compared To Microwave Polymerized Resin. Conclusion: High Strengths Exhibited By Eclipse Is Also Concerning The High Degree Of Polymerization And Crystalline Nature Of The Formulation Moreover As Less Voids Among The Material

Mustafa M. Abdullah, Manal R. Hassan And Raiesa M. Mohammed,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Purpose Of This Study Was To Assess Fracture Resistance Of Endocrown Constructed Of Two Different Materials Namely IPS E.max And Hybrid Ceramic Compared To Conventional Post And Core And IPS E.max Full Coverage Crown. Materials And Methods : Thirty Sound Extracted Human Permanent Mandibular Molars (N =30) Were Endodontically Treated. Standardized Preparations Were Done With 3-mm Intracoronal Extensions Into The Pulp Chamber And Divided Into 3groups Of Each (n=10). Group I : Specimens Involved Endodontically Treated Mandibular Molars Restored With Glass Fiber Posts Cemented With Rely X Cement, Composite Cores Were Built Up And IPS E.max Press Full Coverage Crowns (control Group) .Group II: Involved Endodontically Treated Mandibular Molars Restored With IPS E.max Press Endocrown. Group III: Specimens Involved Endodontically Treated Mandibular Molars Restored With Hybrid Ceramic Vita Enamic Endocrown. Each Group Of II And III Subdivided Into Sub-groups According To Ferrule Preparation GPIa (n=5) With Ferrule And GPIIb(n=5) Without Ferrule. Specimens Were Subjected To Fatigue By Cyclic Loading 150,000 Cycles In Order To Simulate A Clinical Service Time Of 1years And Were Mounted In A Universal Testing Machine(instron) And Then They Subjected To Vertical Compression Load Until Failure. Data Were Collected, Tabulated And Statically Analyzed. One Way ANOVA Followed By Pair-wise Tukey�s Post-hoc Tests Were Performed To Detect Significance Between Groups. Student T-test Was Done Between Subgroups. Result: The Highest Fracture Resistance Mean Value Was Recorded For Vita Enamic Endocrown With Ferrule Group (1405.69�34.7 N) While The Lowest Fracture Resistance Mean Value Was Recorded For Vita-enamic Endocrown Without Ferrule Group (847.04�45.54 N). Difference Between Control Group And Vita Enamic Endocrown With Ferrule Group While Without Ferrule The Difference Was Significant (p<0.05) Conclusion: Endocrowns Preparation With 1mm Ferrule And Vita Enamic Material Can Be The Best Of Choice To Achieve A Higher Fracture Resistance In High Stress Bearing Areas. KEY WORDS: Endocrown, Endodontically Treated Molars Reinforced With Post And Core, IPS E.max Crown, Hybrid Ceramics Vita Enamic.

Basma A. Alrazhi, Alaa H. Diab And Shaimaa Gawdat,

ABSTRACT
This Study Was Conducted To Evaluate Postoperative Pain After Root Canal Preparation With ProTaper Next And WaveOne NiTi Systems. Fifty Two Patients With Mandibular Permanent Premolars And Molars, Showing Signs/symptoms Of Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis Were Selected From The Outpatient Clinic Of Endodontic Department, Cairo University. An Approval From The Ethic Committee And An Informed Consent From The Patients Were Taken. Patients Were Randomly Divided Into Two Groups; Comparator Group: Root Canal Instrumented With WaveOne Instruments (n=26), And Intervention Group: Root Canal Instrumented With Protaper Next (PTN) Instruments (n=26). Postoperative Pain Was Recorded Using Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) At 6, 12, 24, 48 Hours Intervals. Results Showed That A Significantly Lower Levels Of Postoperative Pain In The PTN Group Compared To WaveOne Group At 6 And12 Hours. No Significant Difference Was Found Between Both Groups At 24 And 48 Hours. In Conclusion, PTN Rotary System Was Able To Minimize The Risk Of Postoperative Pain Intensity, As Compared To WaveOne Reciprocating System In The First 24 Hour.

Ehab Mohmed Abd-Al Halim, Maged Gaber M. El Saadawy And Alaa Bashir Kassem,

ABSTRACT
Background: The Purpose Of This Prospective Study Is To Compare Between Effects Of Two Occlusal Systems On The Biting Force And Masticatory Efficiency Of Implant Bar Retained Mandibular Over Denture Opposed By Maxillary Complete Denture. Methods: After Evaluation Of 10 Completely Edentulous Patients Using Panoramic X-ray, Mucoperiosteal Flaps Were Reflected Exposing The Mandibular Interforaminal Region. Two Implants Were Placed In The Interforaminal Region For Each Of The 10 Patients. After A Healing Period Of 3�months, Acrylic Maxillary And Mandibular Overdentures Were Fabricated With Bilateral Balanced Occlusion For All Patients, Positioner Attachments Were Used And Incorporated Into The Dentures Using Direct Pickup Method. All Patients Used Their Dentures With Bilateral Balanced Occlusion For 1�month As Adaptation Period Then Were Evaluated 3-6-9 Months. Following Evaluation At 9 Months Post Insertion, It Was Converted Into Canine Guidance Occlusion Using The Same Denture. This Was Achieved Clinically By Remounting Using The Semi-adjustable Articulator. Light-cured Composite Resin Was Then Added In The Mandibular Canines To Provide An Interarch Disocclusion Space Of 2�mm During Eccentric Movements.Then Evaluated After3-6-9 Months For The New Occlusion Then Comparing The Results Of Masticatory Efficiency And Biting Force For Both Types Of Occlusion. Results : The Results Of This Study Showed No Significant Difference For The Masticatory Efficiency And Biting Force Between The Occlusal Concepts Proposed.

Conclusions: Both Bilateral Balanced Occlusion And Canine Guidance Occlusion Can Be Used Successfully In Implant-retained Mandibular Overdentures Without Affecting Masticatory Efficiency And Biting Forces.

Sherif Z. Hassan, Enas Fathelbab And Mohammed M. Shalaby,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Aim Of This Study Was To Determine The Effect Of Different Hybrid Ceramics Thicknesses And Different Luting Agent Shades On The Perceived Final Color Of The Restoration. Methods: Forty Disc Shaped Samples (0.5 & 1mm Thick) Were Fabricated From Vita Enamic Shade (3M2-HT) And Lava Ultimate Shade (A3-HT) Hybrid Ceramics (20 Sample Each). Resin Composite Discs (10 Mm Diameter & 2 Mm In Thickness) Shade A4 Was Used To Simulate The Color Of A Dark Underlying Substrate (n=40). Cementation Of Discs Was Carried Out With Rely X Veneer Shade A3 Opaque, Translucent Or Without Cement (control Group). Color Differences (?E) Were Determined Using Spectrophotometer. For Parametric Data; Three-way (ANOVA) Was Used To Analyze The Data, Followed By Bonferroni�s Post-hoc. The Significance Level Was Set At P ? 0.05.

Results: The L* A* B* Values Of The Tested Materials Were Affected By Both Luting Agent And The Ceramic Thickness. The Mean Values Of (?E) For 0.5 Mm Thick Samples Were Higher Than Those Of 1 Mm Thick. The Mean Values Of (?E) For Opaque Luting Agent Samples Were Higher Than Those Of Luted With Translucent Luting Agent. Decrease In Mean Values Of (?L) Of All The Tested Samples Was Detected. Conclusion: Both Tested Materials Luted With Translucent Luting Agent Recorded Clinically Acceptable Color When Used In 1mm Thickness. The Tested Luting Agent Shades Made The Final Color Of The Samples Darker Than The Control Group.

Omnia Badawy Darwish, Siza Yacoub Zakhary And Sherif Adel El-khodary,

ABSTRACT
OneShape Is A Single-file NiTi System That Uses Full-sequence Rotary Motion. The File Has Three Variable Cross-sections Along The Length Of The Blade Also It Has A Longer Pitch. These Properties Cause Reduction Of The Preparation Time, Efficient Cleaning, Decrease In The Bacterial Charge Similar To That Of Traditional Instruments And Lower Quantity Of Apically Extruded Debris. Root Canal Preparation Techniques May Cause Postoperative Pain. The Goal Of The Present Study Was To Compare The Intensity Of Postoperative Pain When Using OneShape Or ProTaper Universal System For Instrumentation Of Root Canals. Methods: Forty Patients Who Fulfilled Specific Inclusion Criteria Were Assigned To Two Groups According To The Root Canal Instrumentation Technique Used, OneShape Or ProTaper Universal. Root Canal Treatment Was Carried Out In Single Visit, And The Severity Of Postoperative Pain Was Assessed By Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Score After The Session Until Complete Pain Relief Was Achieved. Analgesic Consumption Was Also Recorded.

Results: Mean Of NRS Scores Between The Two Groups And Within The Same Group At Different Follow Up Periods(6, 12, 24 And 48 Hours) Showed No Statistically Significant Difference. Also, There Was No Statistical Significant Difference In Analgesic Consumption Between The Two Groups.

Ahmed M. Metwally, Neven S. Abdou And Manal F. Osman,

ABSTRACT


Purpose: This Study Was Conducted To Evaluate The Effect Of Biodegradation Of Orthodontic Archwires In Different Solutions On Metal Ions Release, Surface Microhardness, Modulus Of Elasticity And Flexural Strength.

Materials and Methods: Four Orthodontic Archwires (stainless Steel, NiTi, Copper NiTi And Teflon-coated NiTi) Were Used. They Were Immersed In Different Solutions (distilled Water, Artificial Saliva, Tea, Hot Water, Coca Cola And Cold Water) For Four Weeks. A Total Number Of 460 Archwire Specimens Were Used In This Study. They Have Been Classified As Follow, 100 Archwire Specimens Were Prepared For Measurement Of Released Metal Ions After Immersion In Each Solution And 360 Archwire Specimens Were Prepared For Determination Of Their Mechanical Properties. For Metal Ions Release Assessment, The Specimens Were Classified Mainly Into Four Groups (25 Specimens Each) According To The Archwire Type. Each Group Was Further Subdivided Into 5 Subgroups (5 Specimens Each) According To The Used Solution. Each Subgroup Had Been Divided Into Two Divisions As The Following: Five Solutions As Test Specimens Immersed With Studied Archwires And Five Solutions As Control Specimens Without Archwire. Metal Ions Release Analysis Was Performed For All Solutions For Nickel, Chromium, Copper, Cobalt, Iron And Titanium Metal Ions In Parts Per Billion (ppb) Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP Spectroscope). For Mechanical Properties Assessment, The Specimens Were Classified Mainly Into Four Groups (90 Specimens Each) According To The Archwire Type. Each Group Was Further Subdivided Into 6 Subgroups (15 Specimens Each) According To The Used Solution. Each Subgroup Had Been Divided Into Three Divisions (5 Specimens Each) According To The Test Parameter (surface Microhardness, Modulus Of Elasticity, Flexural Strength). Surface Microhardness Was Evaluated Using Vickers Hardness Tester. While Modulus Of Elasticity And Flexural Strength Were Measured By Subjecting The Archwires Specimens To The Three Point Bending Test Using A Universal Testing Machine. Means And Standard Deviations Were Calculated For All Tests. The Data Was Analyzed And Compared Using Two-way ANOVA Analysis And Least Significant Difference (LSD) Test (p < 0.05).

Results: Artificial Saliva Significantly Decreased The Surface Microhardness Of St. St. And Teflon-coated NiTi Archwires And Significantly Decreased The Modulus Of Elasticity Of NiTi, CuNiTi, St. St. Archwires. Tea And Coca Cola Significantly Decreased The Surface Microhardness Of CuNiTi, St. St. And Teflon-coated NiTi Archwires And Significantly Decreased The Modulus Of Elasticity Of All Archwire Specimens. Immersion Of Orthodontic Archwire Specimens In The Testing Solutions Resulted In Release Of Minute Amounts Of Metal Ions.

Conclusions: Artificial Saliva, Tea And Coca Cola Potentially Would Contribute To Biodegradation Of Orthodontic Archwires Leading To Prolonged Orthodontic Treatment And Might Damage The Surface Of Archwires. The Realative High Temperatures Of Tea And Hot Water Played An Important Role In The Release Of Metal Ions With Subsequent Significant Decrease On The Mechanical Properties Of Orthodontic Archwires. The Released Metal Ions From Archwires Were Of Such Small Amounts To Be Of Any Biologic Risk. The Quantity Of Released Metal Ions Was Within Acceptable Biocompatible Limits.

Dina Ahmed AbdEllatif , Lamiaa Sayed Kheirallah And Maha Ahmed Taymour,

ABSTRACT
Conservation Of The Tooth Substance Connected With Aesthetic Treatment Modalities For Teeth Led To Rise In The Placement Of Indirect Restorations; Inlay, Onlay, Endo-crown, Veneer, Partial Coverage And Full Coverage Restorations In The Recent Years. The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Shear Bond Strength Of Vita Enamic Discs Bonded To Enamel And Dentin Using Bifix QM Resin Cement Versus Rely X Ultimate Resin Cement.

Materials and Methods: Twenty Eight Human Premolar Teeth Were Selected Then Divided Into Two Main Groups According To The Cement Used Then Further Subdivided Into Two Subgroups According To The Dental Substrate Either Enamel Or Dentin (n=7). Ceramic Discs Of 2mm Height And 4mm Diameter Were Cemented By Relay X Ultimate As A Control And Bifix QM As An Intervention. All Specimens Were Stored In Distilled Water For 24hr At 37?. The Specimens Were Loaded Until Fracture In A Shear Test At A Crosshead Speed Of 0.5mm/min In A Universal Testing Machine After Thermocycling.

Results: Relay X Cement Showed Significant Higher Shear Bond Strength In Enamel Substrate. Bifix QM Cement Showed Non Significant Higher Bond Strength In Dentin Substrate.

Conclusions: Rely X Ultimate Becomes The Cement Of Choice In The Cementation Of Conservative Restoration As Veneers. Both Cements Can Be Used For Bonding Vita Enamic Restorations With More Preferences To Bifix QM Cement When Most Of The Preparation In Dentin.

Sharaf Mohamed Yahia, Ibrahim S. I And Eskander A.E,

ABSTRACT
Objective: To Evaluate Patients Satisfaction Of Obturator With Attachment Versus Conventional Obturator In Treatment Of Unilateral Maxillectomy.

Materials and Methods: Fourteen Patients Were Selected According To The Following Criteria : Patients Having Sufficient Number Of Natural Teeth (class I And Or Class IV Aramany Classification) Not Less Than Five Teeth, Intact Soft Palate, Sufficient Mouth Opening, Not Exposed To Radiotherapy Or Chemotherapy. Patients Were Divided Into Two Equal Groups, Each Of Seven Patients: Patients Of Group I (Comparator) Received A Clasp Retained Obturator, While Patients Of Group II(Intervention) Received An Attachment-retained Obturator (RCT). The Design Of The Definitive Obturator For Group I Included Double Aker�s Clasp On The First, Second Premolars And Molars With Alternating Buccal And Lingual Retention, Palatal Plate As A Major Connector And A Meshwork Extension At The Defect Side. For Group II, Crown Preparation Of All The Remaining Abutments Was Done. Then, In The Wax Pattern, A Lingual Guiding Plane Was Prepared And Two OT Vertical Attachments Were Attached Mesial To The Most Anterior Abutment And Palatal To The Second Premolar And First Molar. Construction Of The Splinted Crowns Were Completed And The Final Impression Was Made With The Splinted Crowns In Place To Be Picked Up Into The Impression. After Final Try-in Of The Obturator, Construction Of The Definitive Obturator Was Completed With A Hard Resin Hollowed Obturator Bulb, Functional Relining With Soft Silicone Liner For Both Groups. Evaluation Included Patient Satisfaction (primary Outcome)where Two Scales Were Followed In This Study Which Are �The Obturator Functioning Scale� And �The European Organization For Research And Treatment Of Cancer Head And Neck 35�.

Results: Patients Of Group II Were Highly Satisfied With Their Obturators, After 1, 3 As Well As 6 Months Follow-up; There Was A Statistically Significant Difference (P<0.05) For The Obturator Functional Scale Scores And The European Organization For Research And Treatment Of Cancer Head And Neck 35

Conclusions: Attachment Retained Maxillary Definitive Obturators Can Be Considered A Satisfactory Treatment Modality For Patients With Acquired Maxillary Defects. Clinical Implications: This Study May Shift The Clinical Work From Conventional Trend In Attachment Trend Which May Improve Patients Satisfaction And Quality Of Life.

Aziz F. Al-Sayed, Ghali R. Abdel Malek And Salem. Z. Amin,

ABSTRACT
Aim Of The Study: Artificial Sweeteners Such As�aspartame (APM) Are Widely Consumed Nowadays, Yet Their Long-term Health Impact Is Uncertain. The Present Work Aimed To Investigate The Effect Of Long Term Administration Of High Dose Of APM (80mg/kg.b.w) On The Structural Features Of Von Ebner�s Salivary Glands, Circumvallate Papillae And Taste Buds.

Materials and Methods: Twenty-two Male Adult Albino Laboratory Rats With Weight Range From 200 To 250 G Were Utilized In The Present Study. The Animals Were Divided Into 2 Groups; Group I: Consisted Of Eleven Rats And They Were Considered As Control Group. Group II: Consisted Of Eleven Rats And They Were Given APM (80 Mg/kg.b.w) Dissolved In Distilled Water Orally And Daily By Means Of Gastric Tube. The Rats Were Sacrificed At The End Of The Sixth Months Under Chloral Hydrate Anesthesia. The Tongue Was Subsequently Dissected And Prepared For Histological Examination Using H&E Stain, Immunohistochemical Staining Using PCNA Antibody And Finally Histomorphometric And Statistical Analysis Were Performed.

Results: The Histopathological Results After Long Term Administration Of APM Showed Partially Obliterated Trough Of Circumvallate Papilla With Hyperkeratinization. Abnormal Morphology Of The Excretory Duct Was Observed, The Ductal Lining Showed Squamous Hyperplasia With Collapsed Lumen. Severe Degeneration In The Von Ebner�s Salivary Glands With Loss Of The Normal Architecture Of The Serours Acini Were Observed With Appearance Of Signs Of Premalignancy. Immunohistochemical Results Showed Very High Rate Of Proliferative Activity After Long Term Administration Of APM In Comparison To Control Group. Conclusion: Aspartame Is Considered As A Very Harmful Premalignant Drug On Long Term Administration. So, The Public Should Be Alerted About The Adverse Effects Of Aspartame.

Eman Nabil Elezaby, Siza Yacoub Zakhary And Reham Saeed Seyam,

ABSTRACT


Introduction: This Study Compared The Effect Of 2 Rotary Nickel-titanium (NiTi) Systems; WaveOne And ProTaper Universal On Transportation, Centering Ability And Volumetric Changes Of Curved Root Canals. Methods: Thirty-four Mesiobuccal Root Canals Of Mandibular Molars (with Angles Of Curvature Ranging From 25�-35�) Were Randomly Divided Into Two Groups (n=17); WO And PU Groups. Canals Were Scanned Using A Cranex� 3Dx Machine (Soredex, Tuusula, Finland) Before And After Preparation. Root Canal Transportation And Centering Ratio Were Evaluated At 3, 5, 8 Mm From The Apex. Amount Of Removed Dentin Was Evaluated As Well. The Significance Level Was Set At P ? 0.05.

Results: There Was No Significant Difference Between Both Systems In Canal Transportation, Centering Ability And Volumetric Changes.

Conclusions: Both Systems Can Effectively Shape Curved Root Canals, While Preserving Original Canal Curvature, And Without Excessive Removal Of Dentin.

Amr Abd El-Baeth Yadak, Hussein Yahya EL-Sayed And Thuraia Mohamed Genaid,

ABSTRACT
The Aim Of The Study Was To Evaluate And Compare The Microleakage And Penetration Of A Resin Infiltrant Material (Icon�) To That Of A Resin Based Fissure Sealant RBS (Fisseal) And A Resin Modified Glass Ionomer RMGI (VitremerTM) In Induced Occlusal Fissure Caries.

Materials and Methods: Sixty Extracted Human Sound Premolars Were Utilized Where Initial Fissure Caries Was Created By A PH Cycling Procedure. Samples Were Randomly Divided Into 3 Equal Groups (n = 20) According To The Type Of The Sealing Material (group I: Icon�, Group II: Fisseal, Group III: (VitremerTM). Samples In Each Group Were Then Divided Randomly Into Two Equal Subgroups A And B Where Samples In Subgroup A Were Not Thermocycled While Those In Subgroup B Were Thermocycled In Water For 500 Cycles Between 5 And 550C. All Samples Were Immersed In 1% Methylene Blue Dye Solution For 24 Hours, Sectioned Into Two Halves Along Bucco-lingual Aspect And Inspected Under Stereomicroscope. Microleakage At The Sealant Tooth Interface Was Scored And Sealant Penetration Into The Fissure Lesions Was Rated Either Complete Or Incomplete Penetration. Data Were Analyzed Using Kruskal Wallis And Mann-Whitney U Tests (P<0.05).

Results: Kruskal Wallis Test Revealed A Statistically Significant Difference Among The Groups (P< 0.05) In The Degree Of Microleakage And Penetration, Where Group I (Icon�) Revealed The Best Results Followed By Group II (Fisseal), However The Worst Results Were Found In Group III (VitremerTM). Mann-Whitney U Test Revealed No Statistically Significant Difference Between The Microleakage Recorded In Group I And Group II (P> 0.05), While A Highly Statistically Significant Difference (P= 0.000) Was Found Between Group III Versus Both Groups I & II. Thermocycling Did Not Have A Significant Effect On Microleakage Of Any Of The Tested Materials (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Icon� And Fisseal Provided Better Sealing And Penetration Into The Non-cavitated Fissure Caries Lesion Compared To VitremerTM.

Islam Hassan, Iman Radi And Amal Kaddah,

ABSTRACT
Background: The Intolerance Of Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea To Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Has Lead To Emergence Of Oral Appliances, The Effectiveness Of Which Is Still Doubtful. Objective: To Compare Between The Mandibular Advancement Device ((MAD) As An Intervention)) And (continuous Positive Air Way Pressure (CPAP) As A Comparator)) In The Treatment Of ((patients With OSA) As A Population) Regarding The Following Outcomes, Which Are Primarily Snoring Index And Secondarily Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI). Data Sources: The Following Databases Were Searched Electronically; Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), LILACS, And PubMed And Grey Literature With Dates (17-19 March 2016).Hand Searching Of Nine Journals Was Done Electronically With Dates (1-5 March 2016), Study Bibliographies Were Reviewed And Authors Were Contacted. Study Selection: RCTs Comparing The Effect Of CPAP Or MAD On AHI And Snoring Index In Patients With OSA Were Selected By Consensus.

Results: Of 5737 Studies Initially Identified, 12 Were Included In This Review. A Meta-analysis Using Random And Fixed-effect Models To Estimate Pooled Differences Between Each Intervention Was Performed. 12 Studies (7 Of Parallel Design RCTs, 5 Of Crossover RCTs), Comparing Between MAD And CPAP, Were Included In This Review Reporting Results Of 553 Subjects. Seven Studies Of One Outcome (AHI) Were Assigned To Meta-analysis. As A Result Of Different Study Designs And Time, Three Comparisons Were Carried Out; Comparison 1 For Parallel Design After 3 Months Of Treatment, Comparison 2 For Crossover Design After 4 Months And Comparison 3 For Parallel Design After 12 Months. Fixed Effect Model Was Used For Comparison 1 And 2, While Random Effect Model Was Used For Comparison 3.

Conclusions: The Prolonged Use Of MAD (more Than One Year) Is As Effective As CPAP In Reducing The AHI. Quality Of Evidence, However, Is Very Low, Which Might Weaken The Recommendations. Properly Conducted RCTs With Follow Up Periods Longer Than One Year, Reporting Snoring, Apnea Hypopnea Index, Excessive Daytime Sleepiness And Health Quality Of Life Score Outcomes Are Still Needed.

AbdelAziz R. And EshaK M.,

ABSTRACT


Aim: The Aim Of This Study Was To Investigate Characteristic MRI Findings Of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) In The Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ). Patients And Methods: 40 TMJs From 20 RA Patients Who Have TMJ Complain Were Examined By MRI. All MRI Images Were Evaluated Separately By Two Experienced Oral Radiologists With Regard To The Presence Or Absence Of Soft Tissue And/or Osseous Abnormalities, The Radiologists Were Blinded To The Clinical Symptoms And Prior TMJ Disease. The Following Joint Abnormalities Were Noted, Synovial Membrane Thickening, Pannus Formation, Bone Marrow Edema, Disk Distortion And Disk Displacement, Bone Erosion, Flattening Of The Articular Surfaces, Sub-cortical And Generalized Sclerosis, Sub-cortical Cyst, Osteophyte, Joint Space Reduction And Abnormal Position Of The Condylar Head Within The Temporal Fossa. All These Findings Were Tabled And Analyzed.

Results: MRI Clearly Detected All Joint Abnormalities With The Most Frequent Soft Tissue Abnormality Was Synovial Membrane Thickening 85% And The Least Frequent Abnormality Was Disk Distortion 15%, Where The Most Frequent Osseous Abnormality Was Condylar Head Erosion 52.5% And The Least Frequent Was Loose Joint Body 5%. Conclusion: Bony Erosion In The Condyle And Synovial Proliferation Were Considered Characteristic MRI Findings Of RA In The TMJs.

Abdel Rahman Abu Shamleh , Nahed Attia And Rima Abdallah,

ABSTRACT
Lasers Have Been Used In Many Different Fields In Medicine And Dentistry Since Their Introduction In The 1960s. They Demonstrated Bactericidal Effects Which Are Promising For Periodontal Therapy. For This Reason, They Are Used As An Adjunct To Conventional Therapy. Diode Lasers Have Been Proposed As A Novel Treatment Option In Controlling The Subgingival Microorganisms And Studying The Shift In Inflammatory Mediators. The Purpose Of The Study Was To Reveal The Activation Profiles Of Inflammatory Cytokines In Response To Diode Laser.

Materials and Methods: This Study Was Carried Out As A Prospective Randomized Split Mouth Clinical Trial. Twenty Patients Having Generalized Chronic Periodontitis With Moderate Clinical Attachment Loss, Were Treated Using Conventional Treatment (control Site) Or Conventional Treatment With Application Of Diode Laser (test Site). Blood Panel And Collection Of GCF Were Taken Before Starting The Treatment For Each Patient And 2,6 Months For Follow Up In Order To Compare The Effect Of Diode Laser As An Adjunctive Therapy To Scaling And Root Planing (SRP) In Addition To Comparing The Clinical Parameters. Data Was Collected For Statistical Analysis Using The IBM SPSS� 20.0 Statistical Package. Statistical Significance Was Set At 0.05.

Results: In This Study, Significant Differences Were Found On The Three Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) Cytokine Levels Tested Before And After Periodontal Therapy. C-reactive Protein (CRP) And Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Alpha Were The Only Cytokines That Decreased Immediately After Treatment And Remained At Significantly Lower Levels Until The End Of The Study Period. At Two Weeks Following Treatment Of Either Scaling And Root Planing Alone Or In Conjunction Of Laser Disinfection Gingival Index (GI) Level In The Test Site Ranged Between 0.1 To 0.5 Whereas In The Control Site It Was 0.5 To 1.25. As For The Inflammatory Mediators IL-1? Ranged Between 20.12 To 24.48 In Comparison To 21.22 To 26.78 In Control Site. TNFa Ranged From (1.01-3.7) In Comparison With (1.21 - 1.89) And CRP Level Was (0.39-0.67) In Comparison With (0.23-67). In All Parameters The Test Sites Showed Better Decrease In The Inflammatory Mediators And Clinical Parameters. Conclusion: Soft Tissue Laser In Adjunct To Scaling And Root Planing Enables A Decrease In The Inflammatory Response. Effective Disinfection Becomes Possible During Initial Periodontal Therapy By Introducing The Laser Beam To The Periodontal Pocket. Soft Tissue Diode Laser Maybe Beneficial As An Adjunct To Initial Periodontal Treatment.

Ahmed Mohamed Keshk, Ahmed Emad Fayyad, Eman Ahmed Maher And Amal Fathy Kaddah,

ABSTRACT
Background: Posterior Distal Extension Partial Denture Present A Number Of Design Challenges. Especially The Equitable Distribution Of Forces That May Become Adverse During Functional And Parafunctional Activities. So To Maintain Remaining Alveolar Ridges And Teeth In An Optimal State Of Health And To Provide The Patient With Improved Comfort And Function, These Forces Are Often Compensated For To Some Extent By Framework And Denture Base Design Variation.

Purpose: The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Quality Of Life And Muscle Activity For Patients Restored By Mandibular Distal Extension Removable Partial Dentures (MDERPD) That Retained Either By CAD-CAM Designed Telescopic Crown Retainers Or CAD-CAM Designed Conventional Clasp.

Materials and Methods: 42 Partially Edentulous Patients Were Selected And Randomly Allocated Into Two Identical Groups. Group (1) Received A (MDERPD) Retained With CAD-CAM Designed Telescopic Crown Retainers. Group (2) Received A (MDERPD) Retained With CAD-CAM Designed Conventional Clasp. Each Group Evaluated As Regarding The Quality Of Life Through The Arabic Version Of OHIP-EDENT Questionnaire. The Digital Electromyography (EMG) Is Used To Record The Muscle Activity Of Anterior Temporalis And Masseter Muscles. Conclusion: CAD-CAM Designed Telescopic Crown Retained RPD Improved The Quality Of Life And Muscle Activity Of Partially Edentulous Patients More Than CAD-CAM Designed Clasp Retained RPD.

Nada Ashraf Ali Elmeligy, Amr Ezzat And Hany Saber,

ABSTRACT


Aim: The Study Was Conducted To Explore The Relationship Between The Children�s Age And Gender And Their Preoperative Fear Level As Measured By The Children�s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS), Their Behavior During Treatment As Measured By The Modified Venham Scale And Their Postoperative Fear Level As Measured By The Children�s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) In The First Dental Visit. Methods: This Study Was Conducted On 46 Children Aged Between 5 And 7 Years. Questionnaires Used Were The Children�s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) And The Modified Venham Scale. Behavior Was Registered On A Video Recorder And Scored By Independent Observers Using The Modified Venham Scale. Treatment Consisted Of Pulpotomy Followed By Zinc Oxide And Eugenol Dressing.

Results: An Insignificant Correlation Was Found Between Each Of Age And Gender And Each Of The Preoperative Fear Score, The Intraoperative Behavior And The Postoperative Fear Score. Conclusion: Age And Gender Have No Effect On Preoperative Or Postoperative Fear Scores Or On Behavior During Treatment.

Amr Temraz, Omnia Abu El-Dahab, Noha A. Ghallab And Riham Hamdy,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: This Study Is Meant To Evaluate Clinically And Radiographically The Possible Predictable Results Regarding The Use Of Amnion Chorion Allograft Barrier, Versus The Use Of Allograft Bone Putty In The Treatment Of Periodontal Intrabony Defects. Methods: This Randomized Clinical Trial Was Performed On Patients Suffering From Severe Chronic Periodontitis With 22 Intrabony Defects, The Defects Were Randomly Assigned In Two Equal Parallel Groups. The Periodontal Intrabony Defects Were Treated By OFD With Amnion Chorion Membrane (BioXclude�) As Guided Tissue Regeneration Versus Demineralized Freeze-dried Bone Allograft Putty (C-Blast�) As Bone Graft For Treatment Of Intrabony Defects. Clinical Parameters Including Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Probing Pocket Depth And Clinical Attachment Level Were Recorded At Baseline, 3 And 6 Months Post-surgery, While Radiographic Assessment Of Bone Defect Area Was Recorded At Baseline And 6 Months Postoperatively.

Results: The Clinical Parameters Recorded In This Trial, In Terms Of Gingival Index, Probing Pocket Depth Reduction And Gain In Clinical Attachment Level, Were Statistically Significant At 3 And 6 Months Post-surgically Compared To Baseline Measurements. Furthermore, Radiographic Improvements Were Observed At 6 Months Follow Up, While No Change Was Recorded For Plaque Index Reported Scores. However, No Statistically Significant Difference Was Detected Between The Two Treatment Modalities When Compared To Each Other At Different Time Intervals. Conclusion: Both BioXclude� And C-Blast� As Regenerative Techniques Provided Promising Regenerative Potentials In Management Of Periodontal Intrabony Defects. Moreover, The Uneventful Healing Process Associated With Their Use And Predictable Results Suggest Further Implementation Of Them Into Other Studies In The Field Of Periodontal Regeneration.

Aya Ezzat ElShimy, Omnia El-Sheihy And Maha Taymour,

ABSTRACT
Statement Of The Problem: Opposite To Silica-based Ceramics, Zirconia Has No Silica In Their Structure, So They Cannot Be Effectively Conditioned Using Hydrofluoric Acid. Zirconia Exhibits Weaker Bond Strength To Resin Than Other Types Of Ceramic Materials, So Repair Of Zirconia With Resin Composite Is Considered To Be Technique Sensitive And Questionable Procedure.

Purpose: The Aim Of This In-vitro Study Was To Assess The Effect Of Two Different Priming Agents On The Shear Bond Strength (SBS) Of Composite Resin Used To Repair Treated Zirconia Compared To Sandblasted Zirconia.

Materials and Methods: A Total Of 24 Zirconia Specimens (12 �10 �3 Mm) Were Sliced From Presintered ICE Zirkon Translucent Zirconia Blank Using An Isomet 98 Cutting Machine Then All The Specimens Were Sintered According To The Manufacturer�s Instructions. The Specimens Were Randomly Divided Into Three Groups According To The Surface Treatment Performed (n=8) : (1) Sandblasting With 110�m Al2O3 Particles (control Group); (2): Chemical Treatment With RelyX Ceramic Primer (RelyX Group); And (3): Chemical Treatment With Monobond Plus Primer (Monobond Plus Group). All Specimens Were Bonded To Two Resin Composite Cylinders With A Universal Adhesive System According To The Manufacturer�s Recommendations. The Samples Were Stored For 24 Hours In An Incubator At 37�C And 100% Humidity, Followed By Thermal Cycling (500 Cycles At 5�C And 55�C). The Shear Bond Strength Was Measured By The Universal Testing Machine With 500 N Load Cell And Speed Of 0.5 Mm/min. Two Representative Specimens Were Randomly Selected From Each Group To Be Examined Using Scanning Electron Microscope X1000 Magnification To Characterize The Surface Morphology Of Each Surface Treatment Method. Mean SBS (MPa) Were Analyzed With One-way Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) Followed By Pair-wise Tukey�s Post-hoc Tests To Detect Significance Between Groups. Shear Strength Was Calculated Through The Equation: ( T = F (force) / A (area) ).

Results: The Sandblasted Specimens Of The Control Group Showed The Highest Mean Shear Bond Strength With A Statistically Significant Difference While The Specimens Of The RelyX Group Showed Higher Mean Shear Bond Strength Than That Of The Monobond Plus Group With Statistically Non-significant Difference Between Them. The SEM Showed That The Sandblasted Zirconia Had The Roughest Surface With Multiple And Deep Micro-irregularities. While For The RelyX And Monobond Plus Specimens, There Were Mild And Shallow Irregularities.

Conclusions: From The Findings Of Our Study, Sandblasting Of Zirconia With 110�m Alumina Particles Enhances The Shear Bond Strength Of Resin Composite Used To Repair Zirconia-cored Restorations After Chipping Of The Veneer Layer. Sandblasting Has A Better Effect On The Shear Bond Strength Compared To The Chemical Surface Treatment Of Zirconia With RelyX And Monobond Plus Primers. Both Of RelyX And Monobond Plus Primers Have Nearly The Same Effect On The Shear Bond Strength.

Mohamed Fouad El Marakby, Manar Yehia Fouda And Marwa Mahmoud Bedier,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Aim Of This Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial Was Compare Between 2% Mepivacaine And 4% Articaine For Inferior Alveolar Nerve Blocks In Patients With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis In Mandibular Molars As Regards To Their Anesthetic Efficiency; During Access Cavity Preparation And Instrumentation. Subjects And Methods: Sixty-six Patients Diagnosed Clinically And Radiographically With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis In Mandibular Posterior Teeth Received Single-visit Root Canal Treatment Using ProTaper Universal Rotary System For Canal Preparation, They Were Randomly Divided Into Two Groups (n=33) According To The Anesthetic Solution Used, Either Group M (3.6 Ml Mepivacaine Hydrochloride 2% With 1:100000 Epinephrine) Or Group A (3.4 Ml Articaine Hydrochloride 4% With 1:100000 Epinephrine). The Pain Was Assessed Using Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) During Access Cavity Preparation And Instrumentation, Then The Need For Supplemental Anesthesia Was Also Recorded.�

Results: There Was No Statistically Significant Difference In Pain Level Between Both Groups At The Different Observation Times. The Success Rates Were Similar In Both Groups (39.4% And 45.5% In Mepivacaine And Articaine Groups Respectively) With No Difference In The Need For Supplemental Anesthesia In Both Groups. Conclusion: The Anesthetic Efficacy Of Mepivacaine And Articaine Seemed To Be Similar, Although Both Did Not Provide Acceptable Rate Of Anesthetic Success.

Randa Abdel Rahman El Naggar, M.Adel Ezzat, M. Fouad Haridy And Shereen Hafez,

ABSTRACT
Objective: This Study Was Carried Out To Evaluate The Effect Of Bleaching On The Colour Change Of Two Types Of Composite Before And After Immersion In Coffee Staining Solutions.

Materials and Methods: A Total Of 144 Specimens Were Prepared In A Circular Teflon Mould (10 X 2mm), Then They Were Divided Into 2 Equal Groups According To Composites Used Amaris And Z350XT , Then They Were Divided To Three Subgroups According To The Bleaching Protocol ; No Bleaching, Bleaching After Staining And Bleaching Before And After Staining And Then Each Group Was Further Divided Into Three Classes According To The Staining Solutions Used ;artificial Saliva, Coffee And Coffee With Sugar And Creamer. Colour Measurements Took Place At Baseline, After Bleaching And After Staining Using X-rite Spectrophotometer According To The CIE L*a*b* Colour Space.

Results: The Results Revealed That Amaris Has The Highest Mean Colour Change, Bleaching Has A Non-significant Effect On The Colour Stability Of Composite Resin But It Can Lighten The Colour Of The Stained Composite And Finally Results Revealed That Coffee Has The Highest Mean Colour Change Among The Used Staining Solutions. Conclusion: Nanofilled Composites Are More Colour Stable Than Nanohybrid Composites, Also Bleaching Is A Viable Option To Remove Extrinsic Stains From Resin Composite.

Walaa Kadry, Mervat El Deftar, Yasmine Nassar And Maha M Hakam,

ABSTRACT
Aim Of The Study: To Clinically And Radiographically (as Regards Bone Density) Assess The Outcomes Of Unilateral Alveolar Clefts Grafted With Tissue Engineered Constructs. Patients And Methods: This Study Was Conducted On Five Patients Presented With Unilateral Alveolar Clefts And Indicated For Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting. The Alveolar Clefts Were Grafted With Tissue Engineered Constructs Composed Of Osteogenically Differentiated Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) Derived From The Patient�s Bone Marrow And Loaded On Collagen Scaffolds (Osteovit). Postoperative Clinical Follow-up And A Radiographic 6 Months Postoperative Follow-up Using CT Scan Was Performed At 6 Months Follow Up Period. The Newly Formed Bone Density Was Measured From The CT Scans And Compared To The Native Bone Density On Axial CT Scans.

Results: The Newly Formed Bone Density Was (312.84 HU) Compared To The Native Bone (495.39 HU).

Omneya M. Elkadi, Gihane Gharib Madkour, Hala Salem Elmenoufy And Mahmoud El Refai,

ABSTRACT
Background: There Is Little Number Of Studies That Address The Inter-relationship Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) And Periodontitis During Pregnancy. Hence, This Study Was Conducted To Provide Further Evidence In The Possible Association Between Chronic Periodontitis And GDM By Evaluating The Level Of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-?) Of Chronic Periodontitis Patients With GDM After Phase I Periodontal Therapy. Subjects And Methods: This Study Was Conducted On 40 Subjects Divided Into 2 Groups: 20 Pregnant Females Suffering From Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Associated With Moderate To Severe Chronic Periodontitis And 20 Systemically Free Pregnant Females Suffering From Moderate To Severe Chronic Periodontitis. The Periodontal Status Of The Subjects Was Assessed At Baseline Before Phase I Periodontal Therapy And 2 Months After Completion Of The Treatment: All Subjects Have Been Screened By Comprehensive Periodontal Examination And Full Periodontal Charts Were Obtained. The Following Clinical Parameters Were Assessed To Determine The Clinical Periodontal Status Of Patients: Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), And Clinical Attachment Level (CAL). Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) And Serum Samples Were Collected From Both Study Groups To Detect TNF-? Levels. Regarding The Assessment Of TNF-?, Real-time Reverse-transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT) PCR Technique Was Used.

Results: Results Of The Present Study Observed Statistically Significant Reduction In TNF-? Levels After 2 Months From Phase I Periodontal Therapy. The Current Study Showed That, There Was A Statistically Significant Positive (direct) Correlation Between TNF-? Level, PI, GI, PPD And CAL Measurement At Baseline And After 2 Months From Phase I Periodontal Therapy. Conclusion: It Is Shown That The Levels Of TNF-? In GCF And Serum Before Treatment Were Higher In GDM Group (group 1) Than In The Control Group. Thus, The Examination Of TNF-? May Enhance The Understanding Of Pathogenesis Of Periodontitis And GDM And Its Assessment In The Treatment Process May Result In Better Control Of The Disease.

Dina Kamal , Dina Elkassas And Heba Hamza,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Investigate The Efficacy Of Biomimetic Self-assembling Peptide (P11-4) On Enamel Remineralization Compared To Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACPF) And Fluoride Based Delivery Systems. Methods: Artificially Demineralized Enamel Windows Were Created On The Buccal Surfaces Of Forty Extracted Human Molars.. Specimens Were Randomly Assigned To 4 Groups (n=10) According To The Remineralizing Agent Used: G1- (Control, Artificial Saliva), G2- (Fluoride Varnish), G3-(CPP-ACPF Varnish), G4-(Self-assembling Peptide Agent).. All Products Were Applied According To The Manufacturer�s Instructions And Specimens Were Stored In A Daily Renewed Artificial Saliva. Surface Microhardness (SMH) Was Assessed At Baseline, After Demineralization, After 1 Week And 4 Weeks Remineralization.

Results: Self-assembling Peptide Showed The Highest Statistically Significant SMH Followed By Fluoride And CPP-ACPF While The Lowest SMH As Found In Artificial Saliva. However, No Statistically Significant Difference Was Found Between Fluoride And CPP-ACPF. Higher Statistically Significant SMH Was Found After 4 Weeks Compared To 1 Week Remineralization In All Groups.

Conclusions: Self-assembling Peptide Confers The Highest Remineralizing Efficacy Compared To Fluoride And CPP-ACPF; Showing A Promising, Non-invasive Regeneration Potential. Also, Extended Period Of Time Helped To Attain More Benefits From The Remineralizing Regimens Applied.

Mariam Adel Hosny Mohamed, Rasha Mohamed Abdel Raouf And Nour El Din Ahmed Habib,

ABSTRACT


Aim: Investigate Low Temperature Degradation (aging ) Effect Of Three Ceramic CAD/CAM Block Materials: Lithium Disilicate(LD), Translucent Zirconia(TZ) And Zirconia Reinforced Lithium Silicate(ZLD) On Their Flexure Strength.

Materials and Methods: Fourteen Disc Shaped Specimens Were Prepared From Each Material(12mm Diameter And 1.2 Mm Thickness). Seven Specimens Per Material Were Subjected To Low Temperature Degradation. While The Other Seven Were Considered As Control. All Specimens Were Subjected To Biaxial Flexure Strength Testing.

Results: TZ Had The Highest Flexure Strength While There Was No Difference Between The Others. Flexure Strength Of The Three Materials Was Not Affected By Aging

Conclusions: Aging Did Not Affect The Flexure Strength. Translucent Zirconia Has The Highest Flexure Strength While No Difference Between Lithium Disilicate And Zirconia Reinforced Lithium Silicate.

Yasmine Ashraf El Banna, Sherif Bahgat El Taweel And Sara Ahmed Mahmoud,

ABSTRACT


Aim: Testing The Microshear Bond Strength Of Self Adhering Flowable Composite And Conventional Flowable Composite To Dentine Of Primary Teeth.

Materials & Methods: Thirty Sound Human Deciduous Canines Were Collected, The Collected Teeth Were Indicated For Extraction Due To Normal Shedding, Over Retention And Orthodontic Reasons. Teeth Were Assigned Into Three Groups According To The Restorative Materials Used (n=10), Group A: Self Adhering Flowable Composite (Fusio�Liquid Dentin), Group B: Self Adhering Flowable Composite (Fusio�Liquid Dentin) + Self Etch Adhesive (Single Bond Universal), Group C: Conventional Flowable Composite (Filtek� Z350 XT Flowable) + Self Etch Adhesive (Single Bond Universal). Teeth Were Restored For Microshear Bond Strength Testing Then Samples Were Stored In Isotonic Saline Solution For 24 Hours. Then Microshear Bond Strength Was Tested Using Universal Testing Machine; Load Was Applied Till Specimen�s Fail.

Results: Group B Showed The Highest Bond Strength Values While Group A Showed The Lowest Bond Strength Values (P?0.001).

Conclusions: Self Adhering Composite Applied According To Manufacturers� Instructions Produced The Least Bond Strength Values To Dentine Of Primary Teeth. However, Its Bonding Performance Improved Significantly After Preceding It With Self-etch Adhesive System.

Nour Eldeen Mohamed, Layla Mostafa Omara, Mohamed El-Faramawey And Hesham Elsayed Elhawary,

ABSTRACT
Aim Of The Study: The Purpose Of This Study Was To Compare The Survival Rate Of Immediate & Delayed Placement Of Dental Implants, Following Narrow Maxillary Ridge Splitting & Grafting By An Alloplastic Material.

Materials and Methods: The Present Study Was Conducted On 6 Patients Using 16 Implants. The Patients Were Divided Randomly Into 2 Groups, Group I Patients: Eight Sites Were Subjected To Maxillary Ridge Splitting(anterior Region), Ridge Grafting With Hydroxyapatite And Delayed Placement Of Total Number Of Eight Implants While Group II Patients: Eight Sites Were Subjected To Maxillary Ridge Splitting, Ridge Grafting With Hydroxyapatite Followed By Immediate Placement Of Total Number Of Eight Implants. Preoperative, Immediate (one Week), 3 Months And 6 Months Post-expansion And Insertion CBCT Radiographs Assessed For Measuring The Bucco-lingually Width.

Results: During The Follow Up Period, All Patients Showed No Post-operative Complications, Wound Healing Was Uneventful In All Patients, Without Any Signs Of Wound Dehesince Or Infection, All Implants Inserted Were Stable, Which Was Detected By The Periotest. The CBCT Radiograph Showed Proper Contact Between Bone And Implant, Also Showed Increase Buccolingual Width For Both Groups Immediately Post-operative And Decrease In The Width 6 Months Post-expansion And Insertion Of Implants. Conclusion: The Recent Work Has Shown That Ridge Splitting Technique Can Be A Useful Method For Managing The Narrow Maxillary Residual Ridge In Both Groups.

Amr Taha, Ahmed M. Abd Alsamad, Hany Mahmoud Omar And Mushira M. Dahaba,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Assessment Of The Accuracy Of Linear Measurements In Maxilla Obtained By CBCT Scanner (Planmeca Promax 3D MID CBCT Machine And Software) In Comparison With The Real Measurement Obtained From The Dry Skulls Methods: - The Study Was Performed On Thirty (30) Dry Skulls Obtained From The Anatomy Department Of Faculty Of Medicine, Cairo University. The Skulls Attached To Their Mandibles Were Radiographed Using Planmeca ProMax 3D Mid CBCT Machine. Real Measurements Were Performed Using A Digital Caliper. The Results Obtained Was Subjected To Intra- And Inter-observer Agreement Was Assessed Using Intra-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC).Bland-Altman Plot (differences-vs-means Plot) Used To Show The Agreement Between Two Quantitative Measurements By Studying The Mean Difference And Constructing Limits Of Agreement .

Results: Excellent Correlation Was Shown Between The Maxillary CBCT Linear Measurements And Real Measurement Obtained From Dry Skulls. There Was Excellent Inter And Inter Observer Reliability. Conclusion:-Maxillary Linear Measurements Driven From CBCT Images Of Planameca Promax 3D Mid� Machine Are Accurate, Reproducible And Reliable For All Maxillofacial Applications.

Maha Sayed Mostafa Darwish Mohamed Galal Bihery , Mostafa Ibrahim Shendy And Ahmed Mohamed Salah,

ABSTRACT


Aim: Evaluation Of The Efficacy Of The Pre-shaped Resorbable Membrane On Increasing Height Of Atrophic Posterior Alveolar Ridge In Mandible VS Low Profile Titanium Mesh By Using CBCT Scan. Patients And Methods: The Study Was Conducted On 8 Bilateral Posterior Mandibular Sides Of Eight Patients Which Were Suffering From Severe Mandibular Atrophy. Each Patient Was Treated By Vertical Ridge Augmentation By Autogenous Cortico-cancellous Bone Graft Taken From Anterior Iliac Crest Of The Same Patient. In One Mandibular Side Of Each Patient Bone Graft Protected With Titanium Mesh (control Group) And The Other Side In The Same Patient Protected With Pre-curved Membrane (study Group).The Patients Were Followed Up For Six Months Postoperatively Clinically And By Cone Beam Computed Tomograms Immediately Postoperative, Which Represented The Base Line Radiographs And After Six Months, Bone Height Was Measured To Compare Amount Of Bone Resorption Of Both Groups.

Results: All Statistical Tests Were Two Sided And Performed At A Significance Level Of ^5; =.05 And By Using Student�s T-test (Student�s T-test: T = 2.414, P < .05). The Results Showed A Statistically Significant Difference Between The Resorption Rate RR Of The Vertically Augmented Alveolar Ridge Under The Membrane In The Study Group (n=8) And RR In The Control Group (n=8). The Results Showed Increase In Resorption Rate In The Study Group More Than The Control Group. Conclusion: The Resorption Rate In Augmented Bone Is Higher In Sides Where The Membrane Was Used Than The Sides In Which The Ti- Mesh Was Used Because The Membrane Loses Its Form And Its Rigidity By Humidity Before Consolidation Of The Augmented Bone.

Hend Mohammed Wagieh, Safa Fathy Abd El-Ghani And Asmaa Emad El-Din Mohammed,

ABSTRACT
Odontogenic Cysts And Tumors Have A Wide Spectrum Of Histopathologic And Clinical Characteristics, Ranging From Benign Non-invasive To Locally Invasive Or Malignant Lesions. However, Little Is Elucidated About Their Pathogenesis. The Aim Of Study Was To Evaluate The Immunohistochemical Expression Of Claudin-1 And Claudin-3 In The Most Common Odontogenic Lesions. Comparing The Expression Levels Of These Two Markers Among Those Lesions And Finally, Correlation Of The Obtained Results With Their Biological Behaviors Were Also Performed. Forty Archival Cases Of Radicular Cyst, Odontogenic Keratocyst, Unicystic Ameloblastoma And Ameloblastoma (10 Cases Each) Were Stained With Hematoxylin And Eosin For Histological Examination. Streptavidin-biotin Method Was Used For Immunohistochemical Staining By Anti Claudin-1 And Anti Claudin-3 Antibodies. Our Results Revealed That The Expression Level Of Both Markers Was Gradually Decreased Starting From Radicular Cyst To Odontogenic Keratocyst, Unicystic Ameloblastoma Until Reaching Its Lowest Value In Ameloblastoma. The Statistical Analysis Of The Current Work Revealed A Highly Significant Difference In Area Percentage Of Both Markers Among The Examined Groups. In Addition, The Area Percentage Of Claudin-1immunoexpression Was Much Higher Than That Of Claudin-3, And The Correlation Between Both Markers Was Positive. In Conclusion, Claudins-1 And -3 Could Be Useful Prognostic Biomarkers In Odontogenic Lesions. However, Claudin-1 Is More Specific For Odontogenic Lesions Than Claudin-3. Besides, They Could Aid In Differentiation Of The Neoplastic From Non-neoplastic Odontogenic Lesions And Could Be Auxiliary Indicators Of Aggressiveness And Invasion Potentials.

Mohamed A Mokhtar , Eman Anwar , Jylan El Guindy And Nadia Fahmy,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Goal Of This Study Was To Show The Bond Strength Of Contaminated Zirconia Copings Cemented With Ceramir Cement With And Without The Addition Of Ivoclean Cleansing Paste. Materials And Methods : 36 Zironia Copings Were Milled Using A Cad Cam Machine Were Divided In To 3 Equal Groups (n=12) To Be Cemented On Freshly Extracted Human Molar Teeth. Group 1: Group 1 (control): Ceramir Cement Was Placed On The Fitting Surface Of The Un-contaminated Zirconia Copings. Group 2: The Fitting Surface Of The Zirconia Copings Were Immersed In Human Saliva Cleaned Then Cemented With Ceramir Cement. Group 3: The Fitting Surface Of The Zirconia Copings Were Immersed In Saliva Then Cleaned Followed Applying Ivoclean Cleaning Paste On The Fitting Surface Then Cemented. All Samples Were Subjected To Thermocycling Followed By Pull Out Testing.

Results: No Significant Difference Was Found Between The Three Tested Groups Groups, Where Saliva Contamination Group Recorded 288.30 � 87.77 N , Ivoclean Group Recorded 312.13 �75.79 N And Control Group Recorded 324.79 � 81.84 N With A P Vale Of 0.588. Conclusion: Ceramir Cement Showed Minimal Reduction In Its Retentive Properties When In Was Subject To Saliva Contamination. Recommendation: Ivoclean Cleaning Solution Could Be Successfully Used To Improve The Retention Of Zirconia Crowns Cemented With Ceramir After Saliva Contamination.

Aya Abdelaziz Hamed, Mervat Rashed, Dalia Moheb And Ahmed Elkhadem,

ABSTRACT
Background/Objective: Traumatic Dental Injuries (TDIs) Of Permanent Teeth In Children Is A Significant Dental Public Health Problem Worldwide. This Study Aimed To Collect Data Regarding The Number Of Patients Presenting With TDIs, Teeth Affected And Type Of TDI In Children Attending The Pediatric Outpatient Clinic At Cairo University Over The Period Of One Year.

Materials and Methods: Children Aged 7-14 Years Presenting With TDI In The Year 2015 Were Examined. The Clinical And Radiographic Assessment Was Performed By One Calibrated Examiner. Andreasen Classification For TDIs Was Utilized. Further, An Interview-administered Questionnaire Was Carried Out With Parent/guardian. Chi-square And Fischer Exact Tests Were Used (P<0.05).

Results: Through Year 201), 4503 Children Were Examined. The Prevalence Of TDIs Was 7.7% (346 Children) With A Male To Female Ratio 1.6:1. Only 13.1% Of Children Presented Early Within 24 Hours. The Total Number Of Affected Teeth Was 526, Of Which 86% Of Traumatized Teeth Were Upper Central Incisors. The Most Common Dental Injury Was Enamel-dentin Fractures (40.9%) Followed By Complicated Crown Fractures (35%). Falls Accounted For (56.9%) TDIs Causes. Nearly Half Of TDIs (48.2%) Occurred At Home. Conclusion: The Prevalence Of TDIs In University Hospital Was Comparable To Other Studies. The Majority Of Children Presented Late. Therefore, Awareness Programs Need To Be Carried Out Regarding The Importance Of Emergency Care And The Advantages Of Early Treatment Of TDIs To Parents And School Teachers.

Marwa Al-Nawawy, Amr Zahran And Ahmad Reda,

ABSTRACT


Aim: This Study Aims At Evaluating The Efficacy Of PRF, As A Membrane, On The Amount Of Bone Fill In Dehiscence Defects, In Comparison To Collagen Membrane.

Materials and Methods: 20 Patients Were Selected And Randomly Assigned To Either The PRF Group (test) Or Collagen Membrane Group (control). The Dehiscence Defects Were Covered By Xenograft, Afterwards, The Selected Membrane Was Applied.

Results: At The Re-entry Surgery All Implants Were Clinically Osseointegrated. The Control Group Showed ? 60 % Defect Fill In 77.8% Of Cases, While In The Test Group Only ? 50% Defect Fill Was Achieved In 33% Of Group Cases. CM Group Showed Statistically Significantly Lower Mean Defect Surface Area Than PRF Group.

Conclusions: The Use Of PFR In GBR Procedures May Not Be Of Great Benefit. Further Research Work Is Recommended.

Manar M Abdel Zaher , Noha Ahmed Mansour And Mohammed Abdel Moneim Tawfic,

ABSTRACT
Background: Excessive Gingival Display (EGD) Commonly Referred To As A �gummy Smile� Can Be A Source Of Embarrassment For Some Patients.

Purpose: This Study Was Conducted To Evaluate Clinically, The Effect Of Lip Repositioning Surgery (LRS) Versus Botox Injection For Patients With Gummy Smiles (GS) As A Two Different Treatment Methods.

Materials and Methods: Twenty Healthy Female Patients With Age Range Of 18-35 Years Old And GD Range Of 3.5-9 Mm Were Selected For This Study. Patients Were Divided Into Two Equal Groups As Follow: Group (1): In Which Patients Were Treated Surgically By Lip Repositioning Technique, Group (2): In Which Patients Were Treated By Intramuscular Injection Of Botulinum Toxin Type A (BTX-A) At Pre-selected Sites. The Amount Of Gingival Display Was Evaluated At The Following Intervals, 2 Weeks, 1 Month, 3 Months, 6 Months, 9 Months And One Year.

Results: The Results Of This Study Showed Noticeable Reduction In The Amount Of Gingival Display For All Patients In Both Groups With No Significant Difference Between Them After 2 Weeks, 1 Month And Three Months Of Examination. After 6 Months Significant Difference Between Them Was Recorded As In Group (2) The Effect Of BTX-A Was Completely Disappeared While Patients In Group (1) Still Having Their EGD Reduced. Nine Months Later, The Effect Of LRS Also Had Been Disappeared And The Amount Of EGD Returned To The Baseline Value.

Conclusions: Both LRS And BTX-A Injection Are Effective Treatment Methods For Patients Suffering From EGD. The Results After Applying Both Modalities Are Transient, However LRS Has More Prolonged Results Than BTX-A.

Ahmed N. Elbolaty, Nadia A. Abbas And Nora M. Sheta,

ABSTRACT
Objective: In-vitro Study Was To Compare The Retention Between Two Types Of Esthetic Flexible Clasps. Acetal Versus Bre-flex2nd Edition Was Used In Bilateral Bounded Maxillary Removable Partial Denture Cases.

Materials and Methods: Standard Experimental Metal Model Of Maxillary Edentulous Case (Kennedy Class III With Modification I) Missing Right And Left Second Premolars And First Molars Was Fabricated To Be Used As Master Model To Simulate The Oral Cavity.Fourteen RPD Frameworks Were Fabricated Using Thermopress 400.Seven RPDs For Each Group,which Group (A) Acetal RPD And Group (B) Breflex 2nd Edition Each .Aker Clasp Design Was Engaged 0.02 Inch Undercut For All Clasps, Loop Was Centralized In The Major Connector. Digital Force Gauge Was Used For Both Groups To Measure The Retention.

Results: The Highest Mean Value Of Retention Was Found In Bre-flex2nd Edition (7.20 � 0.77), The Lowest Mean Value Of Retention Was Found In Acetal (5.97 � 0.75). Conclusion: It Was Concluded That The Mean Retentive Force Required To Remove The Acetal Clasp Was Found To Be Statistically Significant Lower Than This Required To Remove Bre-flex 2nd Edition Clasp.

Sara Mohamed Teama, Khaled Ezzat And Shaimaa Ismail Gawdat,

ABSTRACT


Introduction: The Objective Of This Study Was To Compare The Anesthetic Efficacy Of 2% Mepivacaine Combined With 100,000 Epinephrine With That Of 4% Articaine Combined With 100,000 Epinephrine For Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block During Access Cavity Preparation And Root Canal Instrumentation In Patients With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis In Mandibular Molars, In A Randomized Clinical Trial. Participants And Methods: Sixty-six Patients With Irreversible Pulpitis Were Admitted To Outpatient Clinic Of Endodontic Department At The Faculty Of Oral And Dental Medicine, Cairo University Took Part In The Trial. Patients Were Randomly Allocated To One Of Two Equal Groups To Receive Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Containing 3.6 ML Of 2% Mepivacaine With 100,000 Epinephrine Or 3.4 ML Of 4% Articaine With 100,000 Epinephrine. Root Canal Treatment Was Started At 15-minutes Post Injection In Presence Of Profound Lip Numbness And Completed In A Single Visit. Preoperative Pain, Pain During Access Cavity Preparation And Root Canal Instrumentation Was Recorded Using A Numerical Rating Scale (NRS).

Results: There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between Anesthetic Efficacy Of Mepivacaine (36.4%) And Articaine (46.4%) Anesthetic Solutions. Regarding The Need For Supplemental Anesthesia, Both Mepivacaine And Articaine Anesthetic Solutions Were Similar And (48.4%) Of Patients In The Two Groups Needed Supplemental Anesthesia During The Treatment. Conclusion: Anesthetic Efficacy Of 2% Mepivacaine Was Similar To That Of 4% Articaine (both With 1:100,000 Epinephrine) In Inferior Alveolar Nerve Blocks. Neither Of Anesthetic Solutions Resulted In Effective Pulpal Anesthesia During Endodontic Treatment Of Mandibular Molars With Irreversible Pulpitis.

Maha Abd-ElSamad Ragheb El-Araby, Amira Fareed AlZogby, Heba Mohammed Taher And Amir Hafez Ibrahim,

ABSTRACT


Aim:The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Effect Of Finishing And Polishing Wheels And Disc On Surface Gloss Of Nano_filled And Micro_hybrid Resin Composite Restorations. Materials And Methods:Two Types Of Resin Composite Were Used Nano-filled Composite Resin (FiltekTM Z350 XT 3M ESPE) And Low Shrink Micro-hybrid Composite (FiltekTM P90 3M ESPE). A Total Of 90 Resin Composite Disks Of 10mm Diameter And 2mm Thickness Were Fabricated Using Specially Designed Split Teflon Mold. Specimens Were Finished And Polished Using Either Wheel (Sof-Lex Spiral Wheel 3M ESPE) Or Disc (Sof-Lex Discs 3M ESPE) Following Manufacturer�s Instructions Then The Specimens Will Be Subjected To PH Cycling Protocol. The Surface Gloss Of Resin Composite Specimens Was Measured Before And After PH Cycling Using Gloss Meter (HORIBA, Gloss Checker, IG 331, Japan). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Analysis Was Performed To Show The Surface Aspects Of Resin Composite Before And After PH Cycling. Mann-Whitney U Test Was Used To Compare Between The Two Composite Types. Kruskal-Wallis Test Was Used To Compare Between Finishing And Polishing Techniques. Wilcoxon Signed-rank Test Was Used To Compare Between Gloss Values Before And After PH Cycling.

Results:There Was Statistically Significant Difference Between Two Types Of Composite And Between Two Finishing And Polishing Systems. Conclusion: It Was Concluded That The Best Gloss Was Produced In The Control Group (Mylar Strips) Among The Two Composite Resin Materials Tested. Nano-filled Resin Composite Produced Better Performance In Attaining And Retaining Gloss.

Mohamed Hosni El-Shamy, Khaled Atef El-Hayes, Nermeen Hassanien, Radwa Hamed Hegazy And Ahmed Abbas Zaky,

ABSTRACT


Aim: The Aim Of This Study Was To Assess The Effect Of Low Level Laser Therapy On Bone Healing Process Of Jaw Fractures In Respect To Rate Of Callus Formation For Minimizing The Time Of Fixation.

Materials and Methods: All Dogs Were Followed Up Clinically, Radiographically And Histologically After 3 Weeks For Group I And 6 Weeks For Group II, And Data Were Statistically Analyzed.The Radiographic Assessment Was Carried Out In Order To Monitor The Changes Within The Bone Density Along The Line Of Fracture To Both Sides Of The Mandible. There Was A Significant Increase In Bone Density In The Laser Sides (left Sides) Of Both Groups Comparing With The Control Sides (right Sides).

Results: The Histological Assessment Showed Increase In Amount And Thickness Of Woven Bone And Showed Completely Mature Well Organized Compact Bone To The Laser Applied Sides In Comparison With The Non-laser Sides (control Sides). The Results Revealed That There Was A Statistically Significant Increase In Bone Density Of The Laser Sides (left) In Comparison With The Non-laser Sides (right).

Conclusions: Low Level Laser Therapy Was Proved To Have The Ability To Assist And Accelerate The Healing Process Of Jaw Fractures. LLLT Has A Bio-stimulatory Effect On Osteoblast-like Cells After Laser Irradiation And So Shorten The Duration Of Fixation Of Fractured Bone.

Mohamed N. Abass, Enas Fathelbab And Yasser F. Hussein,

ABSTRACT


Purpose: The Aim Of This In Vitro Study Was To Evaluate The Effect Of High Concentrated Light Activated Bleaching Agent On Surface Roughness And Wear Resistance Of Conventionally And CAD � CAM Fabricated Feldspathic Ceramic Restorations.

Materials and Methods: A Total Of Forty Cubic Samples Were Prepared. Samples Were Divided Into Two Equal Groups (20 Samples Each) According To Type Of Tested Ceramic. Each Group Was Subdivided Into Two Subgroups (10 Samples Each) According To Type Of Testing. All Samples Subjected To 35% HP (BEYOND Max5�) Light Activated Bleaching Gel. Surface Roughness Measurements Were Recorded For All Tested Samples Before Any Treatment To Provide Baseline Values As A Control Group. A Micro-saw Was Used To Cut Blocks (VITABLOCS�MarkII) Into Standardized Cubes. A Specially Designed Acrylic Mold Was Used For Construction Of Samples To Standardize The Shape And Dimensions Of The Cubic Samples. Predetermined Proportions Of (VITAVM�7) Dentin Powder And Build Up Liquid Was Used According To The Manufacturer�s Instructions. Twenty Teeth Caries And Crack Free (premolars) Were Collected, A Micro-saw Used To Cut Teeth Into Equal Half In Vertical Section. All Samples Stored In Distilled Water Before And After Bleaching. Samples Of Both Types Of Ceramics Were Photographed Before And After Bleaching By USB Digital Microscope With A Built-in Camera For Surface Roughness Measurements. Wear Resistance Was Assessed By Weight Loss Of Tested Samples. Weight Was Measured By Electronic Analytical Balance. Chewing Simulator Device Was Used To Simulate The Vertical And Horizontal Movements In The Oral Cavity.

Results: Results Showed That There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between Mean Values Of Ra Of The Two Tested Ceramic Types. However, Both Tested Materials Showed Statistically Significant Lower Mean Values Of Ra Than Tooth Structure But There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between Changes In Surface Roughness (?Ra) In The Three Groups Either Before Or After Bleaching. There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between Mean Values Of Wear Of The Two Ceramic Types. The Wear Ranged (0.49 To 72) The Maximum Wear Was Found In (VM 7) While The Lowest Was In Tooth Structure. That Was Interesting To Find That The Wear Of Tooth Structure (0.42) Which Is Significantly Less Than Two Types Of Dental Ceramics.

Conclusions: High Concentrated Light Activated Bleaching Agents Have No Effect On Surface Roughness And Wear Resistance Of Dental Ceramic. Both Types Of Dental Ceramics (fine Structure Feldspathic Porcelain) Have Mild Abrasive Effect On Antagonist Natural Teeth. Industry Manufacture Dental Ceramics Showed More Wear Resistance Than Conventional One.

Bakr Akram Saber Al-Alousi , Ali Ali Mortada And Manal Ahmed El Sheikh,

ABSTRACT
The Aim Of The Study Was To Evaluate Caries Prevalence, Oral Hygiene Measures, Dietary Habits And Dental Care Among (6-12 Years Old) A Group Of Iraqi Children In Erbil Governorate Compared With A Similar Group Of Egyptian Children At Same Age In Cairo Governorate. Subjects And Methods : This Study Was Planned To Assess Prevalence Of Dental Caries Among A Group Of 6-12 Years Old Iraqi Children In Northern Of Iraq Represented By Erbil Governorate Compared With A Similar Group Of Egyptian Children At Same Age In Cairo Governorate. Four Public Primary Schools Were Selected From Erbil City And Outpatient Clinics Of Pediatric Dentistry And Dental Public Health Department, Cairo University From Cairo City Were Included. This Observational Study Was Carried Out On 1340 Children, Divided According To Geographic Location Into 2 Groups; 670 Children Were Iraq Study Group Children, While 670 Students Were Egypt Study Group Children.

Results: Data Were Collected Through A Questionnaire-based Survey. Structured Close Ended Questionnaire Used To Assess Their Ages, Gender, Eating Habits, Oral Hygiene Measures, And Frequency Of Dental Care. All Children Participated In This Study Were Examined For: Dental Caries Experiences In Primary And Permanents Teeth Using Def And DMF Indices.

Rehab Ali Abd ElGany Hassan, Maged M Negm And Reham Seyam,

ABSTRACT
Objective: This Study Aimed To Evaluate The Adaptability, Bioactivity And PH Of Endosequence BC Sealer (BC Sealer) And Biodentine Calcium Silicate Based Materials In Comparison To The Gold Slandered AH Plus Sealer, A Resin Based Sealer. Methods: Fifteen Extracted Human Anterior Teeth Were Prepared For Adaptability Evaluation Using Ni-Ti ProTaper Rotary Files. Teeth Were Randomly Allocated Into Three Groups (n=5/ Each Material). Group 1and 3 Roots Were Obturated Using F5 Gutta-percha Cones With Endosequence BC And AH Plus Sealers Respectively, While In Group 2 Roots Were Obturated By Biodentine. Obturated Roots Were Stored At 37? In 100% Relative Humidity For 7 Days, And Then Root Dentine To Material Interface Was Examined For Gaps Formation Using Scanning Electron Microscope. To Determine Bioactivity Thirty Root Sections Were Filled With One Of The Materials (n=10/ Each Material) And Immersed In PBS For 7and 30 Days (n =15/ Each Period). Ca- And Si-incorporation Amount Into Adjacent Dentine Was Measured Using An Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis. For PH Investigation Thirty Root Sections Were Prepared As Mentioned In Bioactivity Evaluation Then Immersed In PBS Or Butyric Acid For 7 Days (n = 15/ Each Media).

Results: Endosequence BC And AH Plus Showed More Gaps Compared With Biodentine, With No Significant Differences Among Them. Biodentine Released More Ca- And Si And Presented More Alkaline PH Followed By Endosequence BC, While AH Plus Showed The Lowest PH And Ion Release.

Conclusions: Biodentine Was Better Than Endosequence BC And AH Plus In Adaptability, Bioactivity And PH. So It Is Indicaed In Cases That Require Healing.

Nada M. Salem, Mohamed A. F. Kaddah, Mona M. Salah Fayed And Fady Hussein Fahim,

ABSTRACT
Aim Of The Study: To Compare The Two Used Methods Of Indirect Bonding Regarding (Vinyl Polysiloxane VPS Tray And A Soft Vacuum-formed Tray) The Patient�s Satisfaction During The Bonding Procedure.

Materials and Methods: A Randomized Controlled Trial Was Performed, 21 Subject With Fully Erupted Upper And Lower First And Second Permanent Molars Showing No Signs Of Enamel Defects Or Signs Of Gingival Inflammation Were Recruited In This Study. 168 Attachments Were Bonded To First And Second Molar Teeth. A Questionnaire Was Given To Each Subject To Measure Their Satisfaction Towards The Used Indirect Bonding Trays. After Placement Of Molar Tubes On The Working Model, A Vinyl Polysiloxane VPS Tray And A Soft Vacuum-formed Tray Were Fabricated, One On Each Half Of The Working Model, Then The Tubes Were Transferred To The Patient�s Dentition. Conclusion: The Vinyl Polysiloxane (VPS) And The Vacuum-formed Trays Used To Indirectly Bond Orthodontic Attachments Were Found To Be Equally Satisfying To The Patient.

Hossam Maher Mahmoud, Hatem. E. Amin, Olfat. M. Gaballah And Hussein. I. Saudi,

ABSTRACT
Background: There Are Many Tools For Identification Of Human Remains, Via Radio Graphical Imaging, Histological Processing & Microscopical Examination Of Dental Remains.

Purpose: To Assess And Compare The Accuracy Of Cemental Annulations And Con Beam Computed Tomography For Age Estimation Among Adults

Materials and Methods: One Hundred And Twenty Intact, Non-carious And Single Rooted Extracted Teeth Were Evenly Distributed According To Gender And Different Age Groups In To Four Groups. Each Group Contained 30 Extracted Teeth (10 Incisors, 10 Canines And 10 Premolars).The Ages Of The Patients Ranged From 30 To 69 Years Old. All The Examined Teeth Were Imaged By A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scanner And Examined By Cemental Annulations

Results: For All Participants, In Total And In The Age Group Between 30 To 50 The Mean Differences Between Chronological Ages And Dental Ages Estimated By Cone Beam Were Significantly Higher Than The Corresponding Values Of The Mean Differences By Cemental Annulations While There Were No Significant Difference In The Age Group Between 50 To 69. Conclusion: For Total Participants, Teeth Cemental Annulations Method Is More Accurate Than Cone Beam Computed Tomography For Dental Age Estimation In Adult. Considering Gender, Cemental Annulations Method Is A More Accurate Age Predictor Than Cone Beam Computed Tomography Among Males And Total Female Participants. Regarding Teeth Type, Cemental Annulations Method Is A More Precise Age Estimation Tool For Premolars With Equal Accuracy Of Both Methods For Incisors And Canines.

Yasser Arafat Hassanin Amin, Basma Gamal Moussa And Nesrine Khairy,

ABSTRACT
The Aim Of The Study : Evaluation Of The Osseointegration Of Direct Laser Metal Forming Immediate Implants For Replacement Of Upper Anterior Teeth.

Materials and Methods: Twelve Patients With A Need For Upper Anterior Teeth Replacement Was Randomly Assigned To Be Treated With Direct Laser Metal Forming (DLMF) Immediate Implant (Tixos). Implants Were Loaded After 6 Months Of Placement. The Follow Up Was Clinical Evaluation Included (Bleeding On Probing, Pocket Depth, Plaque Index ,Gingival Index), A Comparison Table Between One Week After Loading And 6 Months After Loading. Radiographically A Cone Beam C.T Was Taken After 1 Week Of Placement And 6 Months Of Placement Were Evaluated For Change In Relative Bone Density Adjacent To The Implants. Results : All Implants Showed Initial Primary Stability And Good Signs Of Osseointegration With Absence Of Any Signs Of Failure. The Clinical Evaluation Was Enhanced After 6 Months Of Loading Comparing To 1 Week After Loading. The Mean Relative Bone Density Increased After 6 Months Of Implant Placement Comparing To One Week After Placement. Conclusion : All Twelve Implants Have Been Successfully Present In The Bone And Completely Osseointegrated By Complete Bone Formation And Density Around All Implants That Can Function With Good Esthetics.

Marwa Hassan Mostafa ,, Ali Abdulghani AlSourori, Amal Fathy Kaddah, Magda Ismail Ramzy, Ahmed Emad Fayyad And Wessam M Dehis,

ABSTRACT


Purpose: The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate Implant Stability In Single Implant Versus Two Implant Mandibular Over-denture Of Completely Edentulous Patients.

Materials and Methods: Twenty Four Completely Edentulous Patients Were Divided Randomly Into Two Groups, Intervention Group Received Single Implant Supported Overdenture, While The Conventional Group Received Two Implant Supported Over Denture. Osstell Device Was Used To Measure Implant Stability. Implant Stability Was Measured Equally For The Two Groups. At First Primary Stability Was Measured At Time Of Implant Insertion After That Secondary Implant Stability Was Measured Every Three Months Up To Nine Month

Results: Comparing The Two Groups During The Whole Study Period, The Results Demonstrated That No Differences In Implant Stability Between Two Groups. (P Value < 0.05) Conclusion Regarding Initial And Delayed Implant Stability, Minor Changes Were Observed Between The Two Groups During The Whole Follow Up Periods. Implant Stability Of Single Implant Supported Over Denture Is Closer To Two Implant Supported Over Denture.

Marwa Abd El-Aziz Abd El-Wahab El-Sayed, Zeinab Ahmed Hussein El-Shorbagy And Manal Ahmed El-Ebiary And Emad Abd-Allah Mabrouk,

ABSTRACT


Purpose: The Aim Of This Study Is To Compare Acrylic, Acrylic Reinforced With Glass Fibers And Flexible Acrylic Denture Base For Single Implant Overdentures Retained By Ball And Socket Attachment.

Materials and Methods: It Was Classified Into 3 Equal Groups According To The Tested Materials. Fratigue Test Was Made For All Samples Of The Three Groups. The Dental Implant Was Embeded Vertically In The Middle Of A Cold Cured Acrylic Resin. Ball And Socket Attachment Was Used. Specimens 60 Mm Long, 1.5 Mm Thick, And 10 Mm Wide Was Fabricated From Baseplate Wax. Fabrication Of Conventional Acrylic Resin And Acrylic Resin Reinforced With Glass Fibers Samples: Chopped Glass Fibers Were Added In Concentration 5 % By Weight. Heat Polymerized Denture Base Resin Was Used According To The Manufacturer,s Instructions To Pack The Flasks. Fabrication Of Nylon Samples: Investment Is Done In A Special Flask. Deflasking Is Completed And Specimens Were Finished And Polished.

Results: It Was Found That Conventional Group Recorded The Highest Number Of Cycles Mean Value Followed By Flexible Group While Fiber-reinforced Acrylic Group Recorded The Lowest Number Of Cycles. It Was Found That Conventional Group Recorded The Highest Fatigue Strength Followed By Fiber-reinforced Acrylic Group While Flexible Group Recorded The Lowest Cyclic Flexure Strength Mean Value. The Result Of This Study Show That No Breakage Occurs To The Flexible Samples. Conclusion: Conventional Group Recorded The Highest Fatigue Strength Then Fiber-reinforced Acrylic Group Followed By Flexible Group.

Mohamed A. Bassyouni, Ahmed El Barbary And Amr Zahran,

ABSTRACT
Objective: To Compare The Amount Of Periimplant Defect Reduction (VDD And HDD) And Buccolingual Dimension Reduction With And Without The Placement Of Beta Tricalcium Phosphate Into The Buccal Periimplant Defect Following Implant Installation Into Fresh Extraction Socket. Materials And Methods:16 Implants Were Placed Into 16 Patients, 8 Implants In The Test Group (grafted) And 8 Implants In The Control Group (non-grafted). Buccolingual Dimension Was Measured On The Preoperative CBCT, While The Horizontal And The Vertical Defect Dimension Were Measured Clinically Using A UNC Periodontal Probe Following Immediate Implant Placement. After 6 Months Of Healing, A Second CBCT Was Taken For The Evaluation Buccolingual Dimension Reduction And The Implants Were Exposed Using ��M�� Flap Technique For Direct Bone Measurements. In The Test Group, The Defects Were Completely Filled While In The Control Sites, There Was Variability In The Amount Of Bone Fill. Results : Regarding The Change In The Buccolingual Dimension, Results Showed That There Was Statistically Significant Difference Between Groups. The Reduction In The Vertical (VDD) And Horizontal (HDD) Defect Dimension Was Statistically Significant In Each Group Between The Baseline And The Re-entry After 6 Months And Between Groups After 6 Months. Conclusion: Although The Placement Of Biosorb (?-TCP) In The Buccal Peri-implant Defect Did Not Counteract The Bone Dimensional Alteration After Tooth Extraction And Immediate Implant Installation, It Contributed To Decreasing The Magnitude Of Buccolingual Dimension Reduction. Both Treatment Approaches Produced Significant Reduction In The Vertical As Well As The Horizontal Periimplant Defect Dimension. However, The Placement Of The Bone Graft Into The Buccal Peri-implant Defect Produced Better Bone Fill Compared To Spontaneous Healing Of The Defect.

Mostafa Saad Swedan, Amal Fathy Kaddah And Ahmed Emad Fayyad,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Telescopic Denture Have Been Documented To Retain Dentures More Effectively Than The Conventional Claps System Because Of Their Ability To Transmit Occlusal Loading To The Long Axis Of The Abutment Tooth And To Provide Guidance, Support And Protection From Movement. Nowadays, The CAD CAM Technology Became One Of The Most Important Developments Happened In The Dental Field At The Twenty-one Century. Consequently, All Dental Labs Started To Shift Their Services To The Digital Manufacturing Where Less Material Consumed, Saving Time And Effort And Capability Of Mass Production CAD/CAM Technologies Can Be Successfully Applied In The Fabrication Of Removable Partial Denture Alloy Frameworks. The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Patient Satisfaction And Biting Force In In Partially Edentulous Patients With Mandibular Distal Extension Removable Partial Dentures Retained By CAD-CAM Designed Telescopic Crowns In Comparison To That Retained By Conventional Clasps. Methods: This Study Was Conducted On Forty Two Patients To Evaluate Two Treatment Modalities Used For Rehabilitation Of Mandibular Distal Extension Cases To Study The Effect On Biting Force And Patient Satisfaction. At The Beginning, All Selected Patients Were Introduced To A Randomization Process To Be Divided Randomly Into Two Groups Identical In Number 21 Patient In Each Group. First Group: (intervention Group) The Patient Received Mandibular Telescopic Partial Dentures Designed By CAD/CAM System. Second Group: (control Group) The Patient Received Mandibular Removable Partial Dentures Designed By CAD/CAM System.

Results: Telescopic RPD Group Recorded Statistically Significant Improvement When Compared To Clasp Retained RPD At Three And Six Months Follow-up Periods. P Value < 0.0001 And Also This Group Showed Statistically Significant Improvement Of The Biting Force Compared To That Of Clasp Retained RPD Group At All Follow-up Periods. (P<0.05). Conclusion: Both Treatment Groups Improve Patient Satisfaction And Biting Force But The Biting Force Produced By Telescopic Mandibular Denture Greatly More Than Produced By Mandibular Removable Partial Denturesand Also Patient With Telescopic Dentures Were More Satisfied Regarding Denture Stability And Chewing Ability Items Than With Removable Partial Denture.

Salah El-Din M. Harraz , Nader N. Elbokle And Mohammed M. Khashaba,

ABSTRACT


Purpose: This Preliminary Study Was To Evaluate Clinically And Radiographically The Volume Changes Of Alveolar Bone Grafting Guided By Resorb-x Membrane. Patients And Methods: A Total Of Six Patients With Maxillary Anterior Localized Alveolar Ridge Defects ? 3 Mm Were Selected. The Alveolar Ridges Were Reconstructed With Xenogeneic Bone Graft Particles Guided By Resorb-x Membrane. Linear Measurements And Volume Analysis Of The Changes In Alveolar Ridge Were Obtained Pre-operatively And Four Months Post-operative Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).

Results: Four Months Postoperatively, All Treated Defect Sites Exhibited Satisfactory Bone Formation. Clinical Results Showed Absence Of Any Foreign-body Reactions To Biodegradation Of Resorb-x Membrane And SonicPin Rx�. Measurements Made On CBCT, Four Months Postoperative Showed Statistically Significant Increase In Bone Width With Mean � SD: 2.37 � 1.77 Mm At 2 Mm, 2.46 � 1.56 Mm At 4 Mm, 2.36 � 1.05 Mm And 1.63 � 0.83 Mm At 8 Mm From Crest Of Alveolar Ridge Respectively. There Was Statistically Significant Increase In Bone Volume By 36.15% In The Area Of Newly Formed Bone. No Statistical Significant Changes Was Found In The Density Of Newly Formed Bone When Compared To The Density Of The Native Bone Four Months Post-operatively. Conclusion: The Resorb-x Membrane Is An Improvement In The Search For A Mechanically Strong And Stiff As Well As A Biodegradable System. With Such Modifications In Properties, This Gives Resorb-x Membrane More Promising Chances To Be Used In Guided Bone Regeneration.

Sylvia M.S. Iskandar, Iman A. Radi , Nouran Abdel-Naby And Assmaa Gad Allah,

ABSTRACT
Dental Implants Offered Variety Of Solutions For Retention And Stability Problems Associated With Partial And Complete Dentures. Bone Quality And Quantity Are Critical Factors For Both Implant Placement Decision Making And Its Prognostic Consequences. Low Bone Density (osteoporosis) Affects More Than 200 Million Women Worldwide Aging Between 60 And 90 Years Old. Critical Summary For A Recent Systematic Review Which Was Conducted To Evaluate Implant Failure Related To Low Bone Density (osteoporosis), Which Proved The Review To Be Of No Clear Evidence , However, Due To Inherent Limitations Of The Previous Systematic Review And Availability Of New Studies As Well As Comparing Between Different Techniques, Conducting The Current Systematic Review Was Mandatory. There Are Two Objectives For This Systematic Review: First To Explore The Success Of Implants In Low Bone Density Patients If Compared To Normal Bone Density Ones. Second To Compare Conventional And Special Techniques Used In Literature To Manage Implant Patients With Low Bone Density To Enhance The Success Of The Dental Implant.

Esraa Hashem, Ghada I. Shehab And Hanaa I. Sallam,

ABSTRACT
Purpose. The Purpose Of This Study Was To Assess The Vertical Marginal Gap Distance Of The IPS E.max Ceramic Copings As Affected By Finish Line Steepness And Construction Technique. Material And Methods. Fifty Four IPS E.max Ceramic Copings Were Fabricated With 2 Different Construction Techniques On Two Nickel Chromium Dies With 2 Different Finish Line Steepnesses (1 And 3 Mm). Copings Were Divided According To Their Construction Technique Into Two Main Groups: Group I : Machinable All Ceramic Copings And Group II : Heat Pressed All Ceramic Copings. Each Group Was Further Subdivided Into Two Subgroups According To Different Finish Line Steepness: Subgroup 1: 1-mm Finish Line Steepness And Subgroup 2 : 3-mm Finish Line Steepness. The Vertical Marginal Gap Distance Was Measured Using A Stereomicroscope, And Data Were Statistically Analyzed Using 2-way ANOVA Followed By Pair- Wise Tukey�s Post-hoc Tests. Results. IPS E.max Ceramic Copings Constructed By CAD/CAM Technology With 3 Mm Finish Line Steepness Recorded The Highest Statistically Significant Vertical Marginal Gap Distance Mean Value (111.01 � 8.05�m), While Copings Constructed By Heat Pressed Technique With 1 Mm Finish Line Steepness Recorded The Lowest Statistically Significant Vertical Marginal Gap Distance Mean Value (26.06 � 3.9 �m) Among The Tested Groups . Pair-wise Tukey�s Post-hoc Test Showed That There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between Copings Constructed By Heat Pressed Technique With 1 Mm And 3 Mm Finish Line Steepness (P=0.329). Conclusion. Increasing The Finish Line Steepness Significantly Increases The Vertical Marginal Gap Distance Especially With CAD/CAM Construction Technique. The Construction Technique Significantly Affected The Vertical Marginal Gap Distance Of IPS Emax Ceramic Copings, With The Superiority Of The Heat Pressing Technique. Clinical Implications. IPS E.max Press Is More Reliable Than IPS E.max CAD For Preparations And Restorations Of Teeth With Increased Degree Of Finish Line Steepness.

Amr Ali , Adel El Tannir And Maha Ahmed Taymour,

ABSTRACT
Systems Imply None Or Minimal Influence Of The Dental Laboratory Technician. However, It Is Not Clear Wether Metal Ceramic Restorations Produced By CAD/CAM Systems Show Comparable Adaptation To Those Produced By The Dental Laboratory Technician.

Purpose: This Study Evaluated And Compared The Marginal Gap And Internal Adaptation Of Metal Copings Produced By Four Techniques: Conventional Waxing Technique (CW), Milled Metal Technique (MM), Milled Wax Technique Followed By Conventional Casting (MW1), Milled Wax Technique With Margination Followed By Conventional Casting (MW2)

Materials and Methods: A Master Metal Die Of A Maxillary First Molar Prepared With Chamfer Finish Line Was Produced, Forty Stone Dies Were Poured From Impressions Of The Master Die And Were Randomly Assigned To Each Of The Study Groups (n=10), Metal Copings Were Then Fabricated According To The Study Groups (CW, MM, MW1, MW2). The Metal Copings Were Seated On The Master Metal Die And Held In Place By A Spring Holding Device And The Vertical Marginal Gap Was Measured By A Stereomicroscope Under 10x Magnification At 40 Predetermined Points For Each Specimen. The Internal Gap Was Measured Using The Replica Technique At 7 Predetermined Points For Each Specimen. One Way ANOVA Was Used To Compare Between The Four Groups Followed By Tukey Post Hock Test.

Results: The Least Marginal Gap Was Recorded By The MW2 (47.5 � 3.7�m) With Significant Difference (P<0.05) To The CW (55 � 5.4�m) And MM (60.5 � 7�m Groups) While There Was No Significant Difference With MW1 (50.3 � 5�m). The Internal Gap Results Showed No Significant Difference (P>0.05) Between The Studied Groups With The Least Gap Recorded By MM Group (127 � 42�m). All Results Were Within The Clinically Acceptable Range. Conclusion: CAD/CAM Can Be Used In The Production Of Metal Copings As An Efficient, Time Saving And Aseptic Alternative To Conventional Casting As It Produces Copings With Clinically Acceptable Marginal And Internal Adaptation Values.

Ghada Gamal Adayil, Manal Mohamed Hosny, Dalia Yehia Ibrahim Ahmed Zaki And Mai Zakaria Ibrahium Mohammed,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To Study The Effects Of Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation Using Bovine Bone Xenograft Scaffold In Rabbits.

Materials and Methods: Twelve Male Rabbits That Had Undergone Sinus Lift Procedures Were Divided Into Two Groups, According To The Time Of Euthanasia: Group 1: After One Month And Group 2: After Two Month.

Results: The Augmented Maxillary Sinus Height Was Maintained For Both Groups Over The Entire Experimental Period, While New Bone Area Increased Over Time.

Nermeen Awadallah Abbas Ibrahim, Suzan Abdul Wanees Aminand Shaimaa Ismail Gawdat,

ABSTRACT


Aim: The Aim Of This Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Clinical Trial Was To Evaluate The Effect Of A Preoperative, Single, Oral Dose Of Aceclofenac (100 Mg) On Postoperative Pain At 6, 24 And 48 Hours After Single-visit Root Canal Treatment. Methods: Seventy, Endodontic Emergency Patients With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis (SIP) In Posterior Teeth, Randomly Received Either 100 Mg Aceclofenac (Group A, N=35) Or Placebo (Group B, N=35) Tablets 60 Minutes Before The Initiation Of Single-visit Endodontic Therapy. Postoperative Pain Intensity And Incidence At The Different Pain Categories (No, Mild, Moderate, Severe) Was Assessed 6, 24, And 48 Hours Postoperatively Using Heft-Parker Visual Analogue Scale (HP-VAS). Data Were Statistically Analyzed And The Significance Level (?) Was Set At 0.05.

Results: There Was No Significant Difference Between The Two Groups Regarding The Main Baseline Characteristics Including: Age, Gender, Pre-operative Pain And Canal-number Distribution (p>0.05). Results Showed No Significant Difference Between Both Groups Regarding Postoperative Pain Intensity Or Incidence 6, 24 And 48 Hours Postoperatively (p >0.05). Pain Intensity Significantly Decreased Over Time (p<0.05) Conclusion: Preoperative Administration Of A Single, Oral Dose Of 100 Mg Aceclofenac Did Not Seem To Affect The Postoperative Pain Within The First 48 Hours After Single-visit Root Canal Treatment.

Mona E. Shabana, Salma H. Al-Ashry And Ahmed M. Ghobashy,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Aim Of The Current Study Was To Compare Between Rotation Motion (ProTaper Universal And ProTaper Gold) And Reciprocation Motion (WaveOne And WaveOne Gold) In Shaping Ability Of Curved Root Canal By Assessment Of Canal Transportation, Centering Ability And Remaining Dentin Thickness And Changes In Canal Curvature Using CBCT Methods: Forty Extracted Human Mandibular First Molars With Mesiobuccal Canal Curvature Ranged 20-35 Degrees Were Used In The Study. Decoronation Of The Teeth At 15 Mm Length Each Tooth Was Radiographed From The Buccal View With #15 K-file Inside The Mesio-buccal Canal Adjusted To The Apical Foramen Using Vista Scan Digital X-ray Machine And Schneider Angle Was Measured. Teeth Will Be Classified Into Two Main Groups Group I With 20 Teeth For Rotation Motion And Group II For Reciprocation Motion. Each Group Will Be Further Subdivided Into Two Subgroups According To The Type Of File System .Sub Group A For Universal System And Group B For New System. Group I: Ten Teeth Were Shaped Using PU For Subgroup A And Another Ten Teeth Were Shaped Using PTG For Subgroup B According To The Manufacture Instructions And Ending Up To File F2. Group II Subgroup A And Subgroup B Ten Teeth Were Shaped Using Primary WO 25/.07 With X Smart Plus Motor In Subgroup A, Another Ten Teeth Were Shaped Using Primary WOG 25/.08 With X Smart Plus Motor With Wave One Gold Setting In Subgroup B. Both Systems Were Used According To Manufacturer Instruction. Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography With Fused Image, Subtracting The Un-instrumented Dentin From The Instrumented Canal Using On Demand3D Software, Axial Cuts Were Carried Out At 3mm, 5mm And 7mm In The Root. Assessment Of Degree And Direction Of Transportation, Centring Ability And Change In Canal Curvature Was Done Using CBCT. Data Were Collected, Tabulated And Statistically Analyzed In Tables And Figures. Friedman�s Test Was Used To Compare Between The Different Levels Within Each System. Dunn�s Test Was Used For Pair-wise Comparisons When Friedman�s Test Is Significant.

Results: In BL Direction, At 5 Mm Root Level, ProTaper Gold Showed The Statistically Significantly Highest Mean Centering Ratio, While ProTaper Universal Showed The Statistically Significantly Lowest Mean Centering Ratio. There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between The Four Systems Regarding Change In Canal Curvature Conclusion: The Two Motions Were Comparable As Regards To The Amount Of Dentin Removal, Except At 7 Mm, Reciprocation Revealed Lower Mean Value.As Regards Transportation Direction, The Four Systems Had A Tendency Toward Transportation To The Mesial Direction.Reciprocation Motion Exhibited Superior Performance Compared With The Rotation Motion In Transportation At 7 Mm The Four Different File Systems Straightened Root Canal Curvature Similarly.

Amr Helmy El Bolok, Enas Alaa El Din Abd El Aziz, Mai Ibrahim Sholqamy And Sara Moustafa Mahmoud,

ABSTRACT
Aim Of Study: To Investigate The Expression Of Ki-67 And Midkine In Salivary Gland Tumors And Evaluate The Correlation Between MK And Ki-67 Expression In SGTs.

Materials and Methods: Twenty Five Formalin Fixed Paraffin Blocks Of SGTs Were Stained Immunohistochemically For Ki-67 And MK. Immunostainig Was Measured As Area Fraction And Results Were Analyzed Statistically. Value <0.05 Was Considered Significant.

Results: All Cases Of SGT Showed Positive Reaction To Ki-67 And MK. A Significant Positive Correlation Was Found Between Ki-67 And MK Expression In SGTs. Conclusion: MK And Ki-67 Expression Are Higher In Malignant Than Benign Salivary Gland Tumors, So Evaluation Can Provide Information About Aggressiveness Of The Tumor.

Ahmad K. Mubarak, Manal R. Hassan And Mohammed M. Shalaby,

ABSTRACT
Aim Of The Study: The Aim Of This Study Was To Investigate Fracture Resistance Of Maxillary Posterior Fixed Partial Denture Constructed On Mutilated Abutments Using Finite Element Analysis.

Materials and Methods: Twenty Four 3 Units �3-Y-PS Zirconia� Fixed-fixed Partial Dentures Were Constructed On 48 Uniformly Prepared Abutments (24 Maxillary Second Premolars+24 Maxillary Second Molars). The Zirconia Fixed-fixed Partial Dentures Were Divided According To The Vitality Of The Adjoing Abutments Into Two Main Groups. Group (A): The Adjoining Abutments Were Non Endodontically Treated That Restored With Composite Cores. Group (B): The Adjoining Abutments Were Endodontically Treated Restored With Glass Fiber Posts Cemented With Rely X Cement And Composite Cores Build Up. Each Group Of (A) And (B)were Subdivided Into: Control Group (sound Abutments With No Missed Wall) And Experimental Group. The Experimental Group Consisted Of 3 Subgroups; One Wall Missed (A1 Or B1), Two Walls Missed (A2 Or B2) And Three Walls Missed (A3 Or B3). A Vertical Compressive Load With 3mm Diameter Indenter Was Applied To The Central Fossa Of The Pontic Using Universal Testing Machine. A 5Kg Load Was Applied At A Crosshead Speed Of 1mm/min Until Fracture Occurred. A Finite Element Models Were Conducted To Study Stress Distribution On The Component Of The Fixed-fixed Bridges Of All Studied Groups And Subgroups , Besides, Comparing Between Zirconia And Lithium Disilicate Ceramics(E Max) As Different Bridge Construction Materials.

Results: The Highest Fracture Resistance Mean Value Was Recorded For The Control Group Of The A Abutments (Ac)(3095.22 �284.94N). The Fracture Resistance Means Of The Subgroups Were Recorded As A1(2978.52N)>Bc(2897.1N)>A2(2687.13N)>B1(2341.29N)>B2(2118.76)>A3(1943.32N)>B3(1921.79N). While The Lowest Fracture Resistance Mean Value Was Recorded For B3subgroup (1921.79 �75.26N) Which Is The Non Endodontically Treatd Abutments With 3 Missing Walls (the Most Mutilated Subgroup). Conclusion: The Fracture Resistance Of The Fixed-fixed Partial Denture Was Directly Proportional To The Adjoining Abutments Existing Walls Number. The Zirconia Material Enhanced The Fracture Resistance Of The Fixed Prosthodontics Due Toitshigher Ability For Stress Distribution Than The Lithium Di-silicate Ceramics(E-Max).

Doha Mohammed Afifi, Amal Hassan Abdel-Rahman And Heba Mahmoud Dahmoush,

ABSTRACT
Background: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Is A Malignant Tumor With Poor Prognosis And Therefore The Discovery Of Markers For Early Signs Of Malignant Transformation Would Be Of Critical Importance In Clinical Diagnosis. In This Study We Aimed To Detect The Changes In ANXA1 Immunoexpression In Tissues Of Normal Rat Tongue Mucosa And In Induced Dysplasia And OSCC.

Materials and Methods: 25 Rats Were Used, Divided Into 2 Groups: A Control Group (5 Rats With No Induction) And Experimental Group (20 Rats Which Received Topical Painting Of DMBA And Formaldehyde For Induction Of Dysplasia And SCC). Tongue Dissection Was Performed At Euthanization Dates. Area Percent Of Immunohistochemical Expression Of ANXA1 Was Measured By Software Leica Qwin 500.

Results: ANXA1 Was Expressed In The Cell Membrane Of Normal Tongue Mucosa And Loss Of This Expression Was Frequent In Both Dysplasia And OSCC. A Statistically Significant Difference In ANXA1 Expression Was Present Between Normal Tongue Mucosa And Dysplastic Lesions Or OSCC. Conclusion: ANXA1 Immunostaining Has A Potential Utility For The Detection Of Epithelial Dysplasia.

Mohammed Fawzy Habib, Manar Fouda And Shaimaa Ismail Gawdat,

ABSTRACT


Aim: The Study Was Designed To Compare The Anesthetic Efficacy Of 2% Mepivacaine With 1:100000 Epinephrine To That Of 4% Articaine With 1:100000 Epinephrine In Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Injection For Mandibular Molars With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis. Methods: 66 Patients With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis In Their Mandibular Molars Were Randomly Allocated To Two Groups Receiving IANB Injection Of Either 2% Mepivacaine With 1:100 000 Epinephrine Or 4% Articaine With 1:100 000 Epinephrine. Patients Were Asked To Rate Their Pain Level On A Number Rating Scale (NRS) During Access Cavity Preparation And Root Canal Instrumentation. Patients Who Reported No Or Mild Pain During The Two Procedures Were Considered Successfully Anesthetized, Otherwise The Case Was Considered Anesthetic Failure. Chi Square Test Was Used To Compare The Outcomes Between The Two Groups.

Results: Anesthetic Success Of The Mepivacaine Group Was (33.3%) While That Of Articaine Was 45.5%. The Difference Between The Two Groups Was Not Statistically Significant (p= 0.31). Conclusion: Anesthetic Efficacy Of 2% Mepivacaine Was Similar To That Of 4% Articaine In Inferior Alveolar Nerve Blocks For Anesthetizing Mandibular Molars With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis.

Engy Mostafa Magdy Abdou, Eman Abou Auf And Mohamed Adel Ezzat,

ABSTRACT
This The Study Was Performed To Evaluate The Effect Of Galla Chinensis Extract (GCE) On The Micro Shear Bond Strength Durability Of Self-adhering Flowable Composite Fusio�Liquid Dentin) To Dentin. M&M: Fifty Two Extracted Human Molars Were Selected, Enamel Surfaces Were Flattened. The Teeth Were Randomly Divided Into Two Main Groups (A) (n=26). (A0) Was For Self-adhering Flowable Composite Without GCE (control) And (A1) Was For Self-adhering Flowable Composite With GCE. Each Main Group Was Divided Into Two Subgroups (T) According To Time Of Testing; (T1) After 24 Hours, (T2) After Three Months (n=13). All Specimens Were Stored In Artificial Saliva. Micro Shear Bond Strength Test Was Conducted Immediately After 24 Hours And After Three Months Using Universal Testing Machine. The Results Showed That The Highest Micro Shear Bond Strength Was For GCE Group After 24 Hours Storage And The Lowest Mean Micro Shear Bond Strength For The Control Group After Three Months Storage. There Was A Statistically Significant Difference (p?0.001) Between The GCE Groups And The Control Groups On The Mean Micro Shear Bond Strength Of Fusio� Liquid Dentin. Conclusion: GCE As A Natural Cross Linking Agent Could Be Of Positive Value On The Micro Shear Bond Strength Of Self-adhering Flowable Composite And Time Has No Significance On The Micro Shear Bond Strength.

Ahmed Zakaria Al-Adl, Amal Fathy Kaddah And Ahmed Emad Fayyad,

ABSTRACT
Two Implant Retained Mandibular Overdenture Is A Simple Solution In Rehabilitation Of Edentulous Patients. Equator Attachment Offers A Lower Profile Than The Self-aligning Attachment But There Is No Enough Researches That Compare Between Them.

Aim: Clinically Compare Between Both Groups Regarding Oral Health Related Quality Of Life And Overdenture Retention In Edentulous Patients Restored With Implant Overdenture.

Materials and Methods: Complete Denture Fabricated, Then Two Implants Placed At The Canine Region. Equator Attachments Connected To Group I And Self-aligning Attachments Connected To Each Group II. The Arabic Version Of The Oral Health Impact Profile For The Edentulous Patients Was Used Specifically To Evaluate The Impact Of Implant Prosthesis On The Patient�s Quality Of Life. Overdenture Retention Was Measured According To The Method Reported By (Jose F. Ma�es Et Al., 2011) Using A Spring Scale To Measure Retention Strength (in Newton).

Results: Regarding Oral Health Related Quality Of Life, There Was Statistically Significant Improvement From Time Of Insertion To 3 Months In Both Groups. There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between Both Groups At Insertion Time And After 3 Months. Regarding Overdenture Retention, There Was Decrease Of Retention From Time Of Insertion To 3 Months Follow-up Periods With Statistically Significant Difference In Both Groups Of Study. Equator Group Showed Statistically Significant More Retention Force Compared To That Of Locator Group At Time Of Insertion, However, There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between Two Groups At 3 Months Follow-up Period. Conclusion: Oral Health Related Quality Of Life Was Not Affected By The Attachment Type Or The Attachment Profile And It Usually Enhances With Time With Different Types Of Attachment. Regarding Overdenture Retention, Equator Attachment Presented Higher Retention Values Than Self-aligning Attachment At The Beginning Of The Study But It Showed Faster Retention Loss Than Self-aligning Attachment With Time.

Omnia Ahmed Badawi, Amal Hassan Abdel-Rahman And Hend Mohammed Wagih,

ABSTRACT
Background: Some Odontogenic Tumors Such As Ameloblastoma (AB), Ameloblastic Carcinoma (ABC) And Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor (KOT) Have Aggressive Behavior With High Recurrence Rate. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) Are Small Subpopulation Groups Of Cells That Are Hypothesized To Be Responsible For Tumors� Aggressiveness And Recurrence. ABCG2 And CD44 Are CSC Markers, So The Aim Of This Study Is To Detect Their Expression In These Lesions Which Will Confirm The CSCs Origin Of Such Lesions.

Materials and Methods: 37 Specimens (15 AB, 10 ABC, 10 KOT And 2 Tooth Follicles Of Permanent Teeth) Were Collected; ABCG2 And CD44 Cytoplasmic, Membranous As Well As Nuclear Immunohistochemical Expressions Were Evaluated. The Area Percent Was Measured For The Positive Immunoexpression Of The Markers.

Results: As Regards ABCG2, A Highly Significant Difference Was Found Between Tooth Follicle, AB, ABC And KOT With The Highest Expression Was Observed In Tooth Follicle. In Contrast To CD44 Where No Statistical Significance Was Found Between AB, ABC And KOT With The Highest Expression Was Detected In AB. Conclusion: CD44 Had Diffuse Positive Immunoexpression In All Lesions In Contrast To ABCG2 That Was Mainly Detected In The Tooth Follicles With Frequent Focal Immunoexpression In The Tumors. So CD44 Was Considered To Be More Reliable Marker For CSCs Than ABCG2, Thus Making Such Tumors Potential Targets For Anti-CD44 Therapies.

Mohamed Omar Ismail , Ahmed A. Khalil And Mohamed Abdelmoniem. Ebrahem,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate And Compare The Efficacy Of PRF Combined With Biodentine And Biodentine Alone In The Treatment Of Class II Furcation Defects. Methods:�fourteen Patients With 28 Grade II Furcation Defect Were Treated With Either Open Flap Debridement And Biodentine Occlude Furcation Entrance (Group 1), Open Flap Debridement With PRF And Biodentine Occlude Furcation Entrance (Group 2) Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Probing Pocket Depth (PD), Clinical Attachment Level And Furcation Probing Were Recorded At Baseline And 3,6 Months Postoperatively. .

Results: The Results Of This Study Showed Significant Pocket Depth Reduction In Both Groups Throughout The Different Periods Of The Study. Statistical Analysis Showed Significant Decrease In Mean CAL From Baseline To 6 Months In Both Groups. Statistical Analysis Showed Significant Decrease In Mean HPD After 3 Months And After 6 Months In Both Groups. Regarding The Radiographic Parameters, Bone Density Increased From Baseline To 6 Months In Both Groups.

Conclusions:�Furcation Defect Treatment With Autologous PRF Combined With Biodentine And Biodentine Alone Results In Significant Reduction In Pocket Depth, Gain In Clinical Attachment, Gain In Vertical And Horizontal Clinical Attachment Level And Increase In Bone Density. Although PRF Combined With Biodentine Group Show More Improvement Regarding Both Clinical And Radiographic Parameters, There Was No Significant Difference

Mohamed Hanafy Tawfik; Manal Mohamed Hosny; Enji Ahmed Mahmoud And Olfat Gamil Shaker,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Effect Of Systemic Administration Of Green Tea In Conjunction With Scaling And Root Planing Versus Scaling And Root Planing Alone On The GCF Total Antioxidative Capacity And Clinical Parameters In Patients With Generalized Moderate Chronic Periodontitis. Methods: Twenty Eight Patients Participated In This Study And Randomly Allocated Into Two Groups Group I (Test Group): Fourteen Patients Received Scaling And Root Planing Supplemented With Green Tea Tablets (300mg) To Be Taken Once Daily For 3 Months. Group II (Control Group): Fourteen Patients Received Scaling And Root Planing Supplemented With Placebo Tablets. The Following Clinical Parameters (Plaque Index PI, Gingival Index GI , Probing Pocket Depth PD And Clinical Attachment Level CAL) As Well As The Level Of Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) In The GCF Were Recorded And Measured At Baseline And 3 Months Post-treatment.

Results: Both Groups Showed Statistically Significant Improvement In All Clinical Parameters With No Difference Between Them. Test Group Showed More Statistically Significant Increase In TAC Than Do The Control Group. Conclusion: Green Tea Has A Therapeutic Effect As Anti-oxidant In The Treatment Of Patients With Chronic Periodontitis

Arwa Abu El-Magd , Tarik Essawy And Saher Sayed Mohammed,

ABSTRACT


Introduction: Botulinum Toxin-A (BTX-A) Is One Of The Most Poisonous Naturally Occurring Substances. It Blocks The Release Of Acetylcholine, The Principal Neurotransmitter At The Neuromuscular Junction, Causing Muscle Paralysis. This Toxin Is Licensed As A Drug For Medical Use Such As Being Used Effectively As Cosmetic Agent For Treatment Of Wrinkles On The Face. Aim Of The Work: This Study Was Carried To Evaluate The Effect Of Botulinum Toxin-A Injection On Rabbit Orbicularis Oris Muscle Histologically And Immunohistochemically.

Materials and Methods: Twenty Adult Healthy Male New Zealand White (NZW) Rabbits Weighing 2-2.5 Kg Were Used In This Study. The Animals Were Divided Into Two Main Groups (control And Experimental Groups). The Control Group (Group I) Consisted Of 5 Rabbits. Upper Lip Of Rabbits In Group I Was Injected By 0.05 Ml Saline. The Experimental Group (group II); Consisted Of 15 Rabbits And Divided Into 3 Subgroups (5 Rabbits In Each). Upper Lip Of Rabbits In Each Subgroup Was Injected By 2 U Of Botox. Rabbits In Group I & II Were Sacrificed After One, Two And Four Weeks. Animals Were Killed And The Upper Lip Of All Rabbits Was Dissected And Processed For Paraffin Sectioning And Stained With Hematoxylin And Eosin For Histological Examination And Caspase-3 For Immunohistochemical Examination.

Results: Histological Examination Of Subgroup 1&2 Showed Degenerated, Fragmented And Atrophied Muscle Fibers. In Subgroup 3, Perimysial Fibrosis And Fat Cell Accumulation Were Detected. Immunohistochemical Results Showed Increase In The Cytoplasmic Immunopositivity Of Caspase -3 In The Muscle Fibers From Experimental Subgroup 1 To Experimental Subgroup 3. Conclusion: Injection Of BTX-A Into Orbicularis Oris Muscle Revealed Deleterious And Damaging Effects On Histological Basis.

Eman Khodary Allam, Eman Sobhy El-Shamy And Omneya Mohamed Wahba,

ABSTRACT
Background: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) Is A Characteristic Aggressive Tumor Representing A Significant Public Health Threat All Over The World. It Has Been Found In Several Body Malignancies That Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) Are Small Subpopulation Of Cells Within The Tumor That Exhibit Self-renewing Ability And Are Responsible For Tumor Main�tenance, Growth And Metastasis.
Objectives: The Aim Of This Work Was To Investigate The Immunolocalization Of Cancer Stem Cells Markers; CD44 And ALDH1 In SCC And To Correlate The Expression Of These Markers In SCC Cases With Nodal Metastasis.

Materials and Methods: A Total Of 49 Specimens Of Oral SCC Were Divided Into 24 Cases With Nodal Metastasis And 25 Cases Without Nodal Metastasis For Evaluation Of Metastasis. Tissue Specimens Were Stained Immunohistochemically With Antibodies Against CD44 And ALDH1.

Results: CD44 And ALDH1 Expressions Increased In Poorly Differentiated SCCs. CD44 Expression Was Found To Be Statistically Highly Significant Relating To Histopathologic Grades Of Oral SCC. There Was A Non-significant Relation Between ALDH1 And Histopathologic Grades Of SCC. It Was Also Found That CD44 & ALDH1 Expressions Were Significantly Related To Lymph Node Status Of Primary SCC Cases.

Conclusions: The Results Of The Present Study Have Indicated That CD44 And ALDH1 Are Potential Markers Of CSCs In SCC. CSCs Positively Stained Cell Count Increased With Increasing The Grade Of SCC. Increased Expressions Of CD44 And ALDH1 In Primary SCCs Can Be Considered As A Useful Indicator Of The Metastatic Potential To Their Regional Lymph Nodes.

Ahmed Adel Soliman Angie Galal Ghoneim And Shaimaa Ismail Gawdat .,

ABSTRACT
Introduction And Objective: Post-operative Pain Is A Multi-factorial Event That Can Be Affected By Age, Sex, Pulpal And Peri-radicular Status, Type Of Tooth, Sinus Tracts, Pre-operative Pain And One Important Cause Has Been Claimed To Be The Instrumentation Process. The Objective Of The Present Trial Was To Compare The Incidence And Intensity Of Postoperative Pain After Using Reciproc Or One Shape Nickel-titanium Systems For Root Canal Instrumentation. Methods: Fifty Four Patients Diagnosed With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis Were Equally Assigned Into 2 Groups, Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany) Or One Shape (MicroMega, Besan�on Cedex, France), According To The Root Canal Instrumentation Technique. Root Canal Treatment Was Completed In A Single Visit. At The End Of The Visit, Participants Were Asked To Rate The Intensity Of Postoperative Pain On The Numerical Rating Scale At 6, 12, 24, 48 And 72 Hours.

Results: Both Reciproc And One Shape Groups Had No Statistically Significant Difference In The Incidence Of Post-operative Pain At Different Follow-up Periods (6,12,24,48, And 72 Hours Post-treatment) After Single Visit Root Canal Treatment In Patients With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis. Conclusion: The Intensity Of Postoperative Pain And Analgesic Intake Were Similar In Both Groups.

Sohil Souod Ali Shaalan And Sherif Bahgat El Tawil And Sara Ahmed Mahmoud .,

ABSTRACT
The Aims Of This Study Were To Assess: 1) The Effect Of Dental Educational Program On Oral Hygiene Among Institutionalized Hearing Impaired And Mute Children And 2)assess Particpants Satisfaction Toward Oral Health Via Questionaire Before And After Program. Two Hundred And Thirty Eight Children Within Age Range (6-12) Included In This Study Divided Into Two Equal Groups, Intervention Group And Control Group. Intervention Group Received Educational Program And Control Group Didn�t. Oral Hyiegne Simplified Index(OHIs) Was Done For Both Groups At Baseline And At Three Follow Up Visits (at 1st Week, 3rd Week And 6th Week). Questionnaire Was Taken At The Basline And At The End Of Study To Assess Particpants Satisfaction Toward Oral Health. The Result Of The Study Showed Significant Improvement In Oral Hygiene Status And Significant Improvement In Participant Satisfaction Toward Oral Health In The Intervention Group After The Educational Program.

Passant Nagi, Nevine Waly, Adel Elbardissy And Mohamed Khalifa Zayet,

ABSTRACT
Objective: Comparing Pulpotomy (partial/complete) For Cariously-exposed Vital Young Permanent Molars Using TheraCal/MTA-Angelus Regarding Post-operative Pain. Methods: This Was Randomized Clinical Trial, Double-blinded. We Treated 22 Permanent Molars, 7.7 Years Was Mean Age Of Participants. We Used Rubber Dam Isolation, Perform Pulpotomy, Direct Application Of Capping Material, Then Glass Ionomer Base And Composite Resin Final Restoration. We Took Immediate Standardized Postoperative Periapical Radiographs. We Evaluated Post-operative Pain Using Telephone Call The Same Day And Clinical Assessment 24 Hours Later.

Results: We Used Absolute Risk Reduction. The Risk Of Post-operative Pain At The Same Day Was 7-times More In TheraCal Group Compared To MTA Group. Pain Relief Was Observed 24 Hours After The Procedure. Conclusion: MTA Cause Less Post-operative Pain Than TheraCal When Used For Pulpotomy In Young Permanent Molars.

Ahmed Hassan Mohamed Ahmed El Banna, Emad Said Helmy And Mostafa Talaat El Gangehi,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Purpose Of The Present Study Is To Evaluate The Effect Of Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) As A Grafting Material On The Quality And Quantity Of The Formed Bone At Maxillary Sinus Floor After Schneiderian Membrane Elevation And Maintaining Space With Titanium Mesh Versus Sinus Lifting Without Any Grafting Material.

Materials and Methods: The Patients Were Clinically And Radiographically Evaluated, The Clinical Evaluation Included Assessment Of Complications During Surgery And Postoperative Healing. Radiographic Evaluation Involved CBCT Radiographs Taken For Every Patient Immediate And 6 Months Postoperatively To Evaluate The Changes In Bone. While Histopathological Evaluation Involved Transcortical Bone Biopsies Taken After 6 Months During The Second Stage Surgery For Implant Placement.

Results: From The Data That Extracted From The Current Study We See Clear Radiological And Histological Evidences To Bone Formation In The Sinus After Using Lateral Window Technique For The Lift While Using Blood Clot Alone In One Group And PRF In The Other Group For The Bone Formation. Also There Was No Significant Difference In Linear, Volumetric Of Newly Formed Bone In Both Groups. Conclusion: Titanium Mesh Serve As A Space Maintaining Devices In Both Grafting And Non-grafting Sinus Lifting Techniques Regarding Tenting And Bone Formation, During Graftless Maxillary Sinus Lifting Blood Clot Serves As Autogenous Graft Filler Material For Bone Regeneration.

Maram Taema, Nouran Abdel Nabi, Heba Kamal And Samira Ibrahim,

ABSTRACT
In The Present Study, A Total Number Of Six Female Patients (12 Joints) Were Included In The Study. All Included Patients Were Diagnosed For Anterior Disc Displacement With Reduction. All Included Patients Received A Pre-operative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), And Pain Assessment Using A VAS Scale. Patients Were Randomly Divided Into Two Groups The First Group Of Patients Received Botox Injection In The Lateral Pterygoid Muscle, While The Second Group Of Patients Received Botox Injection In The Lateral Pterygoid Muscle And Received An Anterior Repositioning Splint One Week After Botox Injection. All Patients Were Followed Up 2 Weeks After Botox Injection, And Every Month For A 4 Month Follow Up Period After Botox Injection. Both Groups Of Patients Showed Clinical Improvement Regarding Pain, Mouth Opening And Clicking. The First Group Of Patients Showed Better Clinical Results When Compared To The Second Group Of Patients.

Ali El Masri, Nayer Aboelsaad, Ahmed Abdel Moneim And Essam Osman,

ABSTRACT


Purpose: The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Pain Sensation That Orthodontic Patients Experience When Initial Arch Wire Is Placed And To Determine The Degree Of Analgesic Efficacy Of Low-level Laser Therapy (LLLT) Comparing It With A Placebo Treatment Using Two Different Duration Of Laser Application.

Materials and Methods: This Study Was Carried Out As A Randomized Control Clinical Trial (split Mouth Design). The Study Sample Consist Of 20 Patients (10 Females, 10 Males), Between The Ages Of 15 And 25 Years. Just Before Placing The Initial NiTi Wire A Record Of Pain At Time T1 Had Taken Then The Wire Placed And Fully Fill The Bracket Slot. The Upper Right Side Had Irradiated Using 910nm GaAlAs Diode Laser With An Output Power Of 0.2W For 10s/point And Of 2 J/point, Three Points Were Irradiated In The Vestibular Zone: Two Points At The Third Cervical (mesial And Distal) And One In The Apical Third. After That Three Points Were Irradiated At The Palatal Zone In The Experimental Quadrant. The Total Energy Released In All Laser-treated Teeth Was 12 J. Irradiation Is Done For 1 Min In Group A(GA) And 1 Min For 2 Time In Group B(GB) So That The Output Power (0.2w) And Energy (2j/point) Is Fixed. The Same Procedure Had Repeated In The Contra Lateral Quadrant, But With Laser Switched Off. This Procedure Had Been Done Immediate After First Wire Insertion Then It Is Repeated After 24 Hours, 48 Hours, And 72 Hours. Results Had Taken Using VAS Scale Before Placing The Wire And At 5min, 6h, 24h, 48h, 72h, One Week, And Two Weeks After Wire Insertion.

Results: Pain Level Reported For The Experimental Laser Side Was Significantly Less Than That Reported For The Control Placebo Side (GA T= 0.56, GB T= 0.42) In Both Groups However The Group B That Exposed To Laser Extra Time Show Lower Value Of Pain Than Group A. The Mean Pain Value In Laser Exposed Side Was More Than That For Placebo Side For Both Groups. The Progression Of Pain Was The Same For Both Groups. GA Showed More Pain Values Than GB But There Is No Statistical Difference During The Study Period. Conclusion: The Application Of LLLT After The First Wire Insertion Is An Effective Way To Decrease Orthodontic Pain, But The Increase Of Duration Of LLLT Has No Obvious Difference.

Miran Ismail I., Manal M. Hosny And Shahinaz Gamal El-Din Alashiry,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Aim Of This RCT Was To Assess The Effect Of Topical HA On Postoperative Pain After MWF Versus MWF Alone In Patients With Chronic Periodontitis. Methods: Forty Patients With Chronic Periodontitis Having PPD ? 5 Mm And CAL ? 5 Mm Were Randomly Assigned To Be Treated With MWF Surgery In Conjunction With Either 0.2% Hyaluronan Gel (test) Or Placebo Gel (control) Application For 1 Week, Following Initial Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy And Re-evaluation After 4 Weeks. Patient Discomfort Measured By VAS And Post-operative Consumption Of Acetaminophen Analgesic Were Evaluated Daily For 1 Week. Tissue Edema, Tissue Color Values Were Recorded 1 Week After Surgical Treatment. CAL, PPD, PI, And BOP Values Were Assessed At Baseline And 2 Months After Surgical Intervention.

Results: Test Group Showed More Reduction In Average VAS Scores, Acetaminophen Consumption, PPD And CAL During Serial Measurements (especially In VAS Measurements) Without Reaching Statistical Significance. No Significant Differences Were Present Regarding BOP And PI Values (P>0.05). Moreover, Significantly Higher Values Of TEI And TCI Scores Were Revealed In Control Group Compared To Test Group (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: Hyaluronan Gel Application In Conjunction With MWF Surgery Appears To Improve The Periodontal Surgical Outcome In Terms Of VAS, Reduction In The Number Of Rescue Pills Intake, Tissue Edema And Tissue Color Of The Gingiva.

Doha Mostafa, Heba Hamza And Ahmed El Zohairy,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Study Was Conducted To Evaluate The Effect Of Acidic Beverages On The Color Stability And Microhardness Of Ormocer And Nanohybrid Resin Composites.

Materials and Methods: Thirty Disk-shaped Specimens (6X2mm) Of Each Of 2 Resin Composites, Admira Fusion And Grandio Were Prepared. The Specimens Were Then Divided Into 3 Subgroups Of 10 Specimens Each And Immersed In 3 Immersion Solutions (cola, Orange And Artificial Saliva) For 3 Hours Daily Over A 15-day Test Period. Color Of The Specimens Was Measured With A Digital Spectrophotometer Vita Easy Shade Using CIELAB Color Space And Microhardness Measurements Were Done Using Vicker�s Microhardness Tester. Pre And Post Immersion Measurements Were Taken And Statistically Analyzed.

Results: After Immersion, Admira Had More Color Change Than Grandio And Was More Affected By Cola. Also Admira�s Microhardness Was More Affected By Immersion In Cola Compared To Grandio. Conclusion: The Nanocomposite Grandio Compared To Ormocer Admira Was More Resistant To Color Change And Surface Microhardness Changes When Immersed In Acidic Beverages.

Ohoud T. Zainelabdeen, Eman S.Elmasri, Samah M.Awad And Ahmad M.M. Badr .,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To Determine The Prevalence Of Dental Caries In Pre-term Children Aged 2-5 Years Seeking Treatment Or Follow Up At Cairo University Children�s Hospital �Abo El-rish� At El-Monira, Cairo, Egypt. Design: It Is A Cross Sectional Study. Subjects And Methods: A Total Sample Size Of 300 Children Was Taken (140 Boys And 160 Girls), Assessment Of Oral Hygiene And Dietary Habits Was Aided By A Specially Designed Questionnaire, It Contained Six Open Ended And Eight Closed Ended Questions. Part One Included The Patients� Personal Data, Second Part Was About The History Of The Child�s Feeding, And Third Part Included Some Questions About The Child�s Oral Hygiene. Clinical Examination Of Children Was Performed By The Researcher Using: A Dental Mouth Mirror, Dental Probe And A Piece Of Cotton Or Gauze. All The Surfaces Of The Teeth Were Examined For The Presence Of Dental Caries And Recorded Using The (dmft Score Of Primary Teeth.

Results: The Results Of This Study Showed That The Prevalence Of Dental Caries Was 96.6% Among The Studied Sample With Dmft Sores Ranging From 0.00-16.0 With Mean Dmft Of 4.0. Conclusion: Presence Of A Direct Positive Correlation Between The Pre-term Birth And Dental Caries In Primary Dentition. The Effect Of The Other Cariogenic Factors And Oral Hygiene Measures On The Pre-term Children Teeth Was A Direct Relation In Causing Dental Caries In Pre-term Children.

Ola Adel Hafez, Alaa Eldin Hussein Diab And Heba Ahmed El-Asfouri .,

ABSTRACT
Aim Of The Study: Was To Compare The Intensity Of Postoperative Pain After Single Visit Endodontic Treatment Using ProTaper Universal Multiple File System And The Single File Rotary Systems; ONE ENDO And F6 SkyTaper. Methodology: In This Single-blinded, Parallel-grouped Randomized Clinical Trial, A Total Of 58 Healthy Patients Aged Between 20 To 50 Years Old Were Diagnosed With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis Of One Maxillary Or Mandibular Premolars. Teeth Were Randomly Assigned To Three Groups According To The Root Canal Shaping System: ONE ENDO (Group A), F6 SkyTaper (Group B) And Rotary ProTaper Universal As A Control (Group C). All Treatments Were Completed In A Single Visit. The Severity Of The Postoperative Pain Was Assessed By The Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) After 24, 48 And 72 Hours. Data Were Analyzed Using The Kruskal-Wallis And Mann-Whitney U Tests.

Results: After 24 Hours: There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between The Three Studied Groups (p= 0.126). After 48 Hours: Group A Showed The Lowest Pain Levels With Statistically Significant Difference With Both Groups B (p=0.003) And C (p=0.036). However, There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between The Intervention Group B And The Control Group C (p=0.407). After 72 Hours: Group A Showed The Highest Levels Of Total Pain Relief (ie; Pain Score 0) With Statistically Significant Difference With Group B (p=0.011) But Without Significant Difference With Group C (p=0.073). Pain Scores For Both Groups B And C Were Almost Similar (p=0.459). Conclusion: Number Of Instruments Had No Impact On Postoperative Pain.

Yasmin Shebl Hussein, Samir Mahmoud Ali Zidan And Jylan Fouad El Guindy,

ABSTRACT
Objective: To Evaluate The Surface Hardness Of Cemented CERASMART Laminate Veneers After Exposure To Acidic Beverages (coffee, Carbonated Orange Juice And Artificial Saliva) For 24 Days Resembling 2 Years Of Clinical Service.

Materials and Methods: A Total Of 36 Cemented CERASMART Laminate Veneer On Extracted Central Incisors Were Fabricated By CEREC MC XL Milling Machine. All Samples (N=36) Were Divided Into To Three Test Groups As Follows: Group (A): Stored In Artificial Saliva Group B: Stored In Coffee And Group C: Stored In Carbonated Orange Juice. Surface Hardness Was Measured After Exposure To Aging Solutions, Where The Surface Hardness Was Measured Through Vicker�s Indentation, Three Indentations Were Made In Each Sample And The Mean Was Calculated For Each. Data Were Analysed Using One-way Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) Significance Difference Test. Differences Were Considered Significant At P<0.05.

Results: It Was Found That The Highest Mean � SD Value Of Surface Hardness Recorded With Saliva Storage (204.607�6.905 HV) Then Coffee Storage Mean Value (202.796�6.014 HV) While The Lowest Mean � SD Value Of Surface Hardness Recorded With Orange Storage (201.867�7.438HV). The Difference Was Statistically Non-significant As Indicated By One-way ANOVA (F=0.416, P=0.6687>0.05).

Conclusions: Surface Hardness Of CERASMART Veneers Was Not Affected By Coffee And Carbonated Orange Juice Immersion.

Yasmin Atef Ahmed, Marwa Mohamed Temirek And Mohsen Hussein Abi-Elhassan .,

ABSTRACT


Aim: To Verify The Effect Laser Pretreatment On Sealing Ability Of Resin Composite Restorations Bonded With Two Different Adhesive Approaches.

Materials and Methods: 120 Freshly Human Mandibular Posterior Teeth Were Selected. The Teeth Were Divided Into Two Main Groups According To Laser Pretreatment. Each Group Was Divided Into Two Subgroups According To The Type Of Adhesive System (total Etch System Or Self-etch Adhesive System). Each Subgroup Was Divided Into Two Classes According To Aging Period (one Day, One Month And 3 Months). Standardized Class V Were Prepared. For Microleakage Testing, The Specimens Were Immersed In 2% Aqueous Solution Of Methylene Blue For 24 Hours. Teeth Were Longitudinally Sectioned In A Buccolingual Direction. Tooth-restoration Interfaces Were Examined Using SEM. Using A Fixed Magnification Of 40x. A Digital Image Analysis System Was Used To Measure And Qualitatively Evaluate The Degree Of Dye Penetration.

Results: Laser Pretreated Groups Presented Statistically Significant Higher Microleakage Mean Values Than The Groups Not Laser Pretreated. Total Etch Groups Recorded Statistically Significant Higher Microleakage Mean Values Than Self-etch Groups. The Groups Aged For 3 Months Recorded Statistically Significant Higher Microleakage Mean Values Than 1 Month And Immediate Groups. Conclusion: Laser Irradiation Is Not A Valid Alternative To Acid Etching Pretreatment Of Cavities To Be Filled With Resin Composite Materials.

Amr Hussein Aziz , Hanaa Ibraheem Sallam And Rasha Nabil Sami,

ABSTRACT
Statement Of The Problem: Zirconia Hybrid Abutment On Implant Achieves High Mechanical Properties And Moderate Esthetic Requirements. The Increase Of Esthetic Demands Has Renewed Interest In The Search For New Materials With Enough Mechanical Properties And Better Esthetic Qualities Than Zirconia Like Lithium-disilicate Materials Which Has Been Used Recently For Construction Of Hybrid Abutments On Implants. Aim Of The Study: The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Fracture Resistance Of E.max CAD Implant Superstructures Cemented On Two Types Of Customized Hybrid Abutments Made Of Lithium-disilicate And Zirconia. Materials And Methods 14 Internal Connection Titanium Dummy Implants Were Embedded In Epoxy Resin Molds And Randomly Divided Into Two Groups ( N= 7 Each ) According To The Hybrid Abutments Material Used ; Group I : Yttria Stabilized Polycrystalline Zirconia (Y-TZP) (Katana Zirconia) And Group II: Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic E-max CAD .All Abutments Were Fabricated By The CAD/CAM Technique. 14 Monolithic Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic(e.max CAD) Crowns Simulating A Maxillary First Premolar Were CAD/CAM Fabricated And Cemented Onto The Hybrid Abutments. All Samples Were Compressively Loaded Under Axial Static Load Till Fracture Using A Universal Testing Machine With A Load Cell Of 5 KN At A Cross-head Speed Of 1mm/min. The Load Required To Fracture Was Recorded In Newton And Failure Modes Were Visually Analyzed. Statistical Analysis Was Performed Using Student T-test (P ?0.05 ). Frequent Distribution Of Failure Modes (%)was Performed By Chi Square Test (P<0.05).

Results: The Results Showed That E Max CAD Superstructures Cemented On Hybrid Zirconia Abutments Recorded Statistically Significantly Higher Mean Fracture Resistance Mean Values Than Those Cemented On Hybrid Lithium Disilicate Abutments. Regarding Failure Mode Results, All Superstructures Showed Catastrophic Fracture With Cracking And Chipping Of The E Max Cad Hybrid Abutments. On The Other Hand , Custom Made Zirconia Abutments Did Not Exhibit Any Crack Lines Or Actual Fractures. The Difference In Frequent Distribution Of Failure Modes (%) Between Groups Was Statistically Significant . Conclusions Fracture Resistance Of E.max CAD Implant Superstructures Was Affected By The Hybrid Abutment Material, With The Superiority Of Those Cemented On Zirconia Hybrid Abutments. All Tested Superstructures Could Withstand The Masticatory Forces In The Premolar Region In The Oral Cavity.

Kareem Talaat Ahmed, Hanaa I. Sallam And Rasha N. Sami,

ABSTRACT


Aim: The Aim Of The Study Was To Evaluate Vertical Marginal Gap Distance And Internal Adaptation Between Lithium Disilicate Superstructures And Lithium Disilicate Hybrid Abutments Constructed By CAD/CAM Technique And Heat Pressing Technique.

Materials and Methods: 14 Dummy Implants Were Placed In Epoxy Resin Blocks By The Aid Of A Paralleling Device Then Titanium Bases Were Screwed To The Dummy Implants. The Samples Were Randomly Assigned Into Two Study Groups (n=7 Each) According To The Construction Technique; Group I : Lithium Disilicate (e.max CAD) Hybrid Abutments And Superstructures Constructed By CAD /CAM Technique, Group II: Lithium Disilicate (e-max Press) Hybrid Abutments And Superstructures Constructed By Heat Pressing Technique. The Produced Ceramic Abutments Of Both Groups Were Cemented Onto Their Corresponding Titanium Bases Using Adhesive Resin Cement. All Superstructures Were Designed As Monolithic Upper First Premolar, Half Of Which Were Constructed By The CAD/CAM Technique And The Other Half By The Heat Pressing Technique. Vertical Marginal Gap Distance Measurements Between Each Abutment And Its Corresponding Superstructure Were Recorded At 36 Points (9 Points /surface) Using Digital Microscope. Internal Adaptation Was Measured Using Silicon Replica Technique. Data Were Collected, Tabulated And Statistically Analyzed Using Student T-test (P ? 0.05).

Results: The Heat Pressing Group Showed A Statistically Significant Lower Marginal Gap Distance Between Hybrid Abutments And Superstructures Than The CAD/CAM Group. On The Other Hand, Samples Of The CAD/CAM Group Showed Statistically Significant Higher Internal Adaptation Between Hybrid Abutments And Superstructures Than Samples Of The Heat Pressing Group. Conclusion: Vertical Marginal Gap Distance And Internal Adaptation Between Lithium Disilicate Implant Superstructures And Lithium Disilicate Hybrid Abutments Were Significantly Affected By Their Construction Technique. Heat Pressing Construction Technique Improved The Vertical Marginal Gap Distance While CAD/CAM Technique Improved The Internal Adaptationbetween Lithium Disilicate Implant Superstructures And Lithium Disilicate Hybrid Abutments.

Ghada Eslaman Tony, Nagwa Mohamed Ali Khattab And Ahmed Abdel-Hamid Abdel-Kader,

ABSTRACT
Objectives This Study Indented To Investigate The Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Levels Of Dentists In Upper Egypt Regarding Oral Cancer (OC). Methods An Observational Cross Sectional Survey Using Unnamed Questionnaire Contained 44 Items Covering Different Aspects Connected To OC Were Completely Filled By 400 Randomly Selected Licensed Dentists In Three Governorates In Upper Egypt (Minia, Assuit And Sohag). Results Rate Of Response Was 94.3%. The Overall Knowledge Level In The Current Study Was 31.8%. The Awareness About OC Risk Factors Was High Especially Smoking Tobacco And Alcohol Consumption. Also, Over 80% Of Dentists Identified Family History And HPV As Risk Factors. Only 37.5% Of Participants Performed Regular Screening Of Oral Mucosa And 26.5% Reported Lymph Node Examination. Regarding Attitude, Only One Quarter Of Dentists Attended Continuing Educating Programs About OC. A Statistically Significant Relation (p<0.0001) Between Knowledge Level And Most Demographic Variables Was Detected. There Was Fair Positive Correlation (r=0.47) Between Practice And Knowledge Scores. Conclusions A Predominant Trouble Among Dentists In Upper Egypt Regarding OC Knowledge And Practice. Continues Education And Training Programmes Are Highly Recommended.

Ahmed Osman , Jylan El-guindy And Karim Aboubakr,

ABSTRACT
Statement Of The Problem: Most Failures Of Ceramic Veneers Have Been Attributed To Fracture Which Might Be An Issue Of Crack Formation That Could Be Induced During Machining Or Laboratory Adjustments. Vita Suprinity Introduced To Offer A Stronger Glass Ceramic Material Thanks To Its Zirconia Reinforcement That Might Lead To A Better Clinical Performance In Terms Of Fracture Resistance. Also It Has Optimized Edge Stability Compared To Lithium Disilicate That Might Result In Better Marginal Adaptation, Retention And Less Post-operative Sensitivity.

Purpose: The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Clinical Performance (in Terms Of Fracture Resistance, Marginal Adaptation, Retention And Sensitivity) Of Vita Suprinity Versus IPS E-max CAD Ceramic Laminate Veneers.

Materials and Methods: A Total Of 24 Ceramic Laminate Veneers (12 IPS E-max CAD And 12 Vita Suprinity) Were Included In The Study And Completed By One Operator (the Researcher) Who Followed A Meticulous Clinical Procedure And The Ceramic Laminate Veneers Were Fabricated By One Experienced Dental Technician. The Operator Followed The Five Phases Of Laminate Veneers Fabrication: Diagnosis, Preparation Design, Provisionalization, Construction Of The Material And Cementation. Follow Up Sessions Were Done Every Two Months For One Year To Evaluate The Clinical Performance (in Terms Of Fracture, Marginal Adaptation, Retention And Sensitivity) Using Dental Probe And Direct Vision According To The Modified USPHS (United States Public Health Service) Criteria. This Was Performed By An Experienced, Blinded Investigator. Data Were Recorded, Tabulated, And Statistically Analyzed Using The Chi-square Test And The Significance Level Was Set At P ? 0.05.

Results: It Was Found That: There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between IPS E-max CAD Laminate Veneers And Vita Suprinity Laminate Veneers In All Out Comes Where (P=1) As Both Groups Showed (100%) Alpha In All Time Periods.

Conclusions: Within The Limitations Of This Clinical Study, Both IPS E.max CAD And Vita Suprinity Laminate Veneers Revealed High Successful Clinical Performance In Terms Of Fracture Resistance, Marginal Adaptation, Retention, And Post-operative Sensitivity.

Sarah M. El-Ayoutti, Basma G Moussa, Omniya A. Aziz And Mamdouh A. Hassan,

ABSTRACT
The Aim Of This Study Was To Assess The Incidence Of Fistula In Isolated Cleft Palate Patients Repaired By Furlow Double-opposing Z-plasty Versus Two-flap Palatoplasty At Different Follow-up Periods. One Case Of The Furlow Group Showed Fistula Formation. However, Three Cases Had Nasal Regurgitation Only In The Two Flap Group. Amount Of Intra-operative Blood Loss Was Significant In The Furlow Group; It Was Mostly Related To The Extent Of The Surgical Field And Time Of Surgery.

Seham Hazem El-Ayouti, Hend Mohammed Waguih , Nermine Raouf Amin And Enji Ahmed Mahmoud,

ABSTRACT
Background: Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) Is A Chronic Immunologic Disorder. Patients With OLP Have An Increased Risk Of Developing Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Smoking Is Associated With Potentially Malignant Disorders Of The Oral Mucosa As OLP. In This Study We Aimed To Determine The Effect Of Smoking On ABCG2 Protein Expression In OLP Patients As An Assessment For Malignant Transformation.

Materials and Methods: Patients Were Divided Into Four Groups; 10 Individuals In Each Group With A Total Number Of 40 Individuals As Follows: Group I: Non-smoker Control, Group II: Smoker Control, Group III: Non-smoker Patients With OLP And Group IV: Smoker Patients With OLP. Area Percent Of Immunohistochemical Expression Of ABCG2 Was Measured By Software Leica Qwin 500.

Results: The Greatest Mean Area Percent Was Recorded In Lichen/ Smoker Group, Whereas The Lowest Value Was Recorded In The Control Group. The Difference Between All Groups Was Not Statistically Significant. Conclusion: ABCG2 Could Not Be Used As A Predictor For Malignant Transformation In Smoker OLP Patients As It Was Not Significantly Overexpressed In These Patients.

Amira Aboalnaga, Mona Salah Fayed And Sanaa Abo Zeid,

ABSTRACT
Background: Among The Recent Modalities Introduced To Accelerate Orthodontic Tooth Movement (OTM) Is Micro-osteoperforations (MOPs), Literally Meaning Puncturing Of Bone. Objective: The Primary Aim Of This Split-mouth Study Was To Evaluate The Effect Of (MOPs) On The Rate Of (OTM). Methods: 18 Patients Who Required Maxillary Canine Retraction Into First Premolar Extraction Sites As Part Of Their Orthodontic Treatment Completed This Study. Leveling And Alignment Proceeded Till 0.016� � 0.022� NiTi Upper Archwire, Indirect Skeletal Anchorage Was Prepared, Then The Patients Were Referred For Upper 1st Premolars Extraction. Three Months Later, 0.017� � 0.025� Stainless-steel Upper Archwire Was Inserted And Three Vertically Aligned MOPs Were Performed Distal To The Canine Using A Single TAD Unilaterally, While The Other Side Served As Control. NiTi Closing Coil Springs Delivering 150 Gms Of Force Were Used For Canine Retraction. Data Were Collected From Monthly Upper Impressions, Which Were Used To Obtain Digital Models, In Addition To Pre- And Post-retraction Maxillary CBCT Images.

Results: The Mean Difference Of The Distance Traveled By The Canine Cusp Tip Was Greater In The MOP Group Than The Control Group By (0.06 � 0.7mm) (P > 0.05(. The Mean Differences Of The Distance Traveled By The Canine Center And Apex Were Significantly Greater In The MOP Group Than The Control Group By (0.37 � 0.63 Mm, P < 0.05( And (0.47 � 0.56 Mm, P < 0.01) Respectively.

Conclusions: Within The Limitations Of This Study, The Micro-osteoperforations Seemed To Facilitate Root Movement Yielding More Bodily Canine Retraction.

Heba-T-Allah Mohamed Mohamed Metwally, Inas Mohy El-Din, Shaymaa Mohamed Nagi And Rasha Haridy .,

ABSTRACT


Aim: This Study Was Conducted To Study The Effect Of Curing Mode Of Acetone-based Vs. Solvent-free Self-etch Adhesive Systems On The Resin-dentin Bond Strength At Different Dentin Depth And Time Intervals.

Materials and Methods: A Total Of 120 Recently Extracted Caries-free Human Molars Were Selected. Three Adhesive Systems Were Tested In This Study; [Nano-Bond� Two-step Acetone Based Self-etch Adhesive (NB)], [Nano-Bond� Two-step Acetone Based Self-etch Adhesive + Nano-Bond� Dual Cure Activator (NB+DC)], And [Bond-1 SF Solvent Free One-step SE Adhesive (SF)]. Teeth Were Prepared Either To Expose Superficial Or Deep Dentin. The Prepared Dentin Specimens Received The Adhesive Systems Of Each Subgroup According To The Manufacturer�s Instructions. Resin Composite Was Build Up On Bounded Dentin Substrate. Restored Specimens Were Aged Either For 48h Or Three Months, Then Each Restored Tooth Was Sectioned Into Sticks Of (1 � 0.05) Mm2 Thickness To Be Tested For Microtensile Bond Strength (�TBS) Using Universal Lloyd Testing Machine Travelling At A Cross-head Speed Of 0.5 Mm/minute Until Failure.

Results: Results Revealed That (SF) Group Recorded The Highest Statistically Significant (p<0.05) �TBS Mean Value (23.93� 1.04 MPa) Followed By (NB+DC) Group (22.97� 1.71 MPa), While (NB) Group Recorded The Lowest Statistically Significant (p<0.05) �TBS Mean Value (21.22� 0.43 MPa) As Indicated By Three-way ANOVA Test. There Was Non-significant (p>0.05) Differences Between (SF) And (NB+DC). Moreover; There Was No Significant (p>0.05) Differences Between (NB+DC) And (NB). There Was No Statistical Significant Effect For Either Dentin Depth Or Aging Periods On Resin-dentin Microtensile Bond Strength Of All Tested Adhesive.

Conclusions: Solvent Free Light Cure Dentin Adhesive May Constitute A Promising Adhesive Concerning The �TBS Irrespective Of Either Dentin Depth Or Time Intervals. Adding A Dual Cure Activator To Acetone Base Dentin Adhesive May Had No Obvious Benefits On The Resin-dentin �TBS Regardless Dentin Depth And Time Intervals.

Ahmed Nasef Abdelhameed And Wael Mohamed Mubarak. Refai,

ABSTRACT
Abstract:

Aim: The Study Was Conducted To Provide A Three Dimensional Evaluation Of The Synergistic Effect Resulting From Combined Low Energy Laser Application And Micro-Osteoperforations On The Maxillary Canine Retraction In Orthodontic Patients. Patients And Methods: Three Parallel Groups (each Group Contained 10 Patients) Were Performed; Group A: Split Mouth Study Design In Which One Side Was Control Side And The Other Side Received Micro-osteoperforations (MOPs), Group B: Split Mouth Study Design In Which One Side Was Control Side And The Other Side Received Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT), Group C: Split Mouth Study Design In Which One Side Was Control Side And The Other Side Received Both MOPs And LLLT. All Patients Were Radiographed By CBCT Images Before And After Canine Retraction And DDS-Pro Soft-ware Was Used For Evaluation Of The Maxillary Canine Retraction.

Results: Significant Statistical Differences Were Obvious In The Rate Of Canine Retraction Between Each Intervention And The Control Sides As Follow; The Mean Distance Travelled By The Canine Cusp Tip Point Relative To The Frontal Plane In Three Months In The Control Group Was 2.25 Mm�1.46 Mm, In The MOPs Group Was 3.86 Mm�1.56 Mm, In The LLLT Group Was 3.55 Mm�1.63 And In The Combined MOPs& LLLT Group Was 4.81 Mm�1.56 Mm. Conclusion: MOPs Technique Has The Ability To Accelerate The Rate Of Canine Retraction More Than The Application Of LLLT As Compared To The Standard Canine Retraction Technique. Moreover: Combination Of MOPs And LLLT Proved To Be More Efficient Regarding Increasing The Rate Of Canine Retraction Than The Application Of Each Technique Separately.

Gehan El Desouky, Abd El Badee Abdallah, Hany Shalaby And Hassan El Sayed Mohammed,

ABSTRACT


Aim: Assess The Outcome Of PRF Clots And Beta Tricalcium Phosphate As Sinus Graft Materiel With Simultaneous Implant Placement. Patient And Methods: Sixteen Patients Were Included In The Study Divided Into Two Groups As The First Control Group Sinus Augmentation Was Done Using Beta-TCP Alone And The Second Study Group Using Beta-TCP And PRF. Result: Using Beta-TCP Mixed With PRF Show Better Bone Density And Better Stability After 6 Months. Conclusion: The Use Of Beta-TCP Mixed With PRF As A Graft Materiel In Sinus Lifting Procedure Is Highly Superior To Beta-TCP Alone With Respect To The Implant Stability And Bone Density Around The Implant.

Salamah Almasry, Hamdi Abo Alfotooh And Mostafa Helmy .,

ABSTRACT


Aim: Is To Compare The Stress Distribution Pattern In Two Different Attachment Systems Namely: Barclip. And Ballsocket. In Implant Supported Overdenture At Different Zones In Bone Surrounding Dental Implant With Application Of Force With Different Magnitudes And Directions Using 3D Finite Element Analysis. Material & Methods: 3d Model Of Two Edentulous Maxilla Restored With Implant Supported Overdenture Using Different Attachment Designs. Amount Of 50, 100 And 150 N Load In Deferent Directions (vertical And Oblique) Were Applied Through The Overdenture Simultaneously On Posterior Dentition By Aid Of Finite Element Analyses Software. Loads Were Directed Toward The Central Fossa. Stress Analysis Was Carried Out To Detect The Generated Stresses On Bone Surrounding Dental Implants.

Results: When Comparing Between Both Attachments, The Maximum Von Mises Stresses In Vertical Loads Of 50, 100, And 150 N And Both 50 N Oblique Loads. Ball Attachment Shows Lower Stress Levels At The Cancellous As Well As Cortical Bone Surrounding Dental Implants. Conclusion: The Maximum Von Mises Stresses In Both Models Among This Study Were Below The Critical Threshold Of Bone Resorption. The Region Which Displayed The Maximum Stress Concentration In The Both Models Was The Cortical Bone Surrounding The Loaded Implants. Barclip Attachment Recorded Higher Levels Of Von Mises Stresses Than Ballsocket In All Vertical And Oblique Loads.

Mostafa Mokhtar Anwar, Manal Mohamed Hosny; Engy Ahmed Mahmoud And Olfat Gamil Shaker,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To Evaluate The Effect Of Systemic Administration Of Green Tea In Conjunction With Scaling And Root Planing Versus Scaling And Root Planning Alone On The GCF Total Oxidative Capacity And Clinical Parameters In Patients With Generalized Moderate Chronic Periodontitis. Methods: Twenty Eight Patients Participated In This Study And Were Randomly Allocated Into Two Groups: Group I (Test Group): Included 14 Patients (9 Females, 5 Males With Mean Age 40 Years) Received Scaling And Root Planing Then Patients Were Given Systemic Green Tea Tablets (300 Mg) To Be Taken Once Daily For 3 Months. Group II (Control Group): Included 14 Patients (7 Females, 7 Males With Mean Age 38 Years) Received The Same Treatment As In Group I Together With Systemic Placebo Tablets To Be Taken Once Daily For 3 Months. No Side Effects Were Reported After Green Tea Administration. The Clinical Parameters (PI, GI, PD And CAL) And TOC Were Recorded At Baseline And 3 Months After Treatment.

Results: Both Groups Showed Statistically Significant Improvement In All Clinical Parameters With No Difference Between Them. Test Group Showed More Statistically Significant Reduction In TOC Than The Control Group. Conclusion: Both The Test And Control Groups Exhibited Significant Improvement In Clinical Parameters And Significant Reduction In GCF Levels Of TOC 3 Months After Non- Surgical Periodontal Therapy. The Adjunctive Systemic Administration Of Green Tea Produced More Significant Reduction In GCF Levels Of TOC Compared To Control Group 3 Months After Non- Surgical Periodontal Therapy.

Amr Helmy Moustafa El Bolok, Safaa Marzouk Tohamy, Sherif Farouk Elgayar, Hanan Eid Gamal And Hiam Rifaat Hussien,

ABSTRACT
Background: Doxorubicin Is An Effective Cytotoxic Anticancer Agent And Has Been Used For The Treatment Of Variety Of Malignancies. The Aim Of The Current Study Is To Investigate The Effect Of Doxorubicin On Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line (HEP-2) After 24 Hours. Material& Method: Treatment Of Cell Line (HEp-2) By Different Concentrations Of Doxorubicin Was Done To Assess The Viability Of The Treated Cells To Determine The Percentages Of Viable Cells That Was Monitored Using MTT Assay.

Results: The Mean Viability Percentage Of Doxorubicin Treated Cells (in Relation To Control Cells) Increased As Doxorubicin Concentration Decreased From 2000 MM To 1mM With An IC50 Of 9.5 MM. Regarding The Cytotoxic Effect Of Doxorubicin And Related Cell Cycle Profile It Was Noticed That Cell Distribution Showed A Variable Percent Of Arrest At Different Phase Of Cell Division Profile, Where There Was Non Significant Difference Of Arrested Cells Of Doxorubicin Pre And Post Treatment Compatred With Its Value In Non Treated G0-G1 Phase Control Cells(P>0.05) And S Phase As Well. While There Was A Significant Elevated Arrest Of Treated Cells During The G2-M Phase (P<0.05) And The Significant Difference Of Cell Arrest At G2-M Phase Was Type Of Treatment Related . Conclusion: From The Results Of The Current Study, We Found That Doxorubicin Has Cytotoxic Effect On Squamous Cell Carcinoma, (HEp-2) Cell Line, It Also Induced An Effect On The Cell Cycle Distribution, Persumtively Doxorubicin Has Effect On (HEp-2) Cell Line Resulting In Apoptosis And Necrosis.

Hady K. Abdelhalim, Kareem M. Gaber And Wael M.Refai .,

ABSTRACT
Objective: To Propose Of New Software For Converting 2D Facial Photographs Into 3D Digital Models And Determine The Accuracy And Precision Of 3D Face Models Through An Indirect Facial Anthropometric Technique.

Materials and Methods: Ten Standard Linear And Horizontal Craniofacial Measurements Were Obtained From 22 Subjects Using The Proposed Software Inaddition To Five Angular Measurements And These Were Compared With Direct Anthropometry Through Digital Caliper.

Results: Mean Measurements Derived From Three-dimensional (3D) Images And Direct Anthropologic Measurements Were Mostly Similar However, Statistically Significant Differences Regarding Linear And Horizontal Measurements Were Noted For Four Measurements (Al-Al, Ch-Ch, N-Sn And Sn-Sto) . Regarding Angular Measurements Only Nasolabial Revealed Statistically Significant Difference.

Conclusions: Overall, Soft Tissue Facial Measurements (angles And Distances) On 3d Face Model Generated From Proposed Software Demonstrated Moderate Agreement, Accuracy And Precision With Traditional Anthropometry .

Abdullah AbdelBaky AlAfifi , Asmaa Yassen And Olfat Hassanein,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Microhardness Evaluation Of Initial Enamel Lesions By Bioactive Glass Air-abrasion Before NovaMin Application. Methods: 40 Extracted Human Molars Were Sectioned Mesiodistally And Were Embedded In Resin Molds. Specimens Were Assigned To 4 Groups According To The Remineralization Protocol: G1- (artificial Saliva), G2- (air-abrasion), G3- (NovaMin), G4- (air-abrasion + NovaMin). Specimens Were Immersed In A Daily Renewed Demineralizing Solution To Create Artificial White Spot Lesions. Specimens Were Stored In A Daily Renewed Artificial Saliva. Microhardness Was Assessed Using Vicker�s Hardness Number (VHN) At Starting Point, After Demineralization, After 24 Hours And One Month Remineralization.

Results: The Group Of Air-abrasion That Received NovaMin For One Month Showed The Highest Statistically Significant VHN, With No Statistically Significant Difference Between The VHN Values Of This Group After Remineralization And At Starting Point.

Conclusions: Air-abrasion Of Enamel With Bioactive Glass Did Not Play A Role To Improve Remineralization.

Nermien Ali Mohamed Fathy And Maha Eshak Amer .,

ABSTRACT
Objective: Evaluate The Radiographic Finding Of CBCTsialography In Chronic Inflammatory And Non-inflammatory Lesions Of Salivary Gland . Study Design: Twenty Patients Of Both Sexes And Varying Ages Were Selected Complaining Of Inflammatory And Non-inflammatory Salivary Gland Lesions Diagnosed By Patient History, Clinical Examination Were Undergone Conventional Sialography And CBCT Scanning. Then All Images Were Analyzed And Scored, The Radiographs Will Be Evaluated By Three Radiologists Independently Of Each Other .

Results: There Was Statistically Sagnificance Diffirence Between CBCT Finding And Plain Imaging With Respect To Visualization Of The Intraglandular Duct (p = 0.001) And Degree Of Sialectasia (p0.001). However, Plain Imaging And CBCT Were The Same For The Identification Of Strictures (p0.061) Conclusion: Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) Sialography Is Superior To Conventional Sialography For Evaluation Of Chronic Inflammatory And Non-inflammatory Lesions Of Salivary.

Dalia Walid Mamdouh , Mahmoud Hamdy And Rania Abd Allah Nasr,

ABSTRACT
Objective: To Assess The Satisfaction Of Pediatric Patients And Their Caregiver, Taken From 3 Different Health Care Services Towards The Quality Of The Dental Care Services. Subjects And Methods: A Stratified Random Cross Sectional Observational Study Was Conducted At The Pediatric Dentistry Department At Faculty Of Oral And Dental Medicine Cairo University, Governmental Hospital And Medical Center At Ministry Of Health On 510 Patients (267 Girls And 243 Boys), Modified PSQIII (Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire III) Was Used To Collect The Data From The Caregivers.

Results: There Was No Association Between The Satisfaction Score And Sociodemographic Variables, There Were More Girls At Faculty Of Oral And Dental Medicine 100 Girls (58.8%) Compared To Medical Center 76 Girls (44.7%) And Governmental Hospital 91 Girls (53.5%), Pediatric Patients In Governmental Hospital With Mean Age( 7.7) Years Are Older Than Other 2 Groups, The Highest Satisfaction Score Was At The Faculty Of Oral And Dental Medicine With (Median Score=4) Conclusion: Pediatric Patients And Their Caregivers Were Satis?ed With The Mean Of Communication With The Dentist And Interpersonal Aspects, Time Spent With The Dentist And Technical Quality. Access, Availability, Waiting Time And Waiting Room Were Identified As Reasons For Dissatisfaction.

Noha A. Agina, Mahmoud H.Eid And Randa Y. Abd Al Gawad,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Aim Of This Study Is To Evaluate The Clinical Performance Of Self Priming Composite Used As Pits And Fissure Sealant Versus Conventional Composite In Erupted Mandibular First Permanent Molars.

Materials and Methods: A Total Of 38 Children (8-10 Years), At High Caries Risk Were Included In The Study (Split Mouth Technique), Group A, One Mandibular First Molar Received And Group B, The Other Mandibular First Molar Received. Evaluation Of Sealant Retention And Development Of Caries Was Performed At Baseline, 2, 4 And 6 Months Using Modified Simonsen�s Criteria.

Results: Both Groups Showed A Significantly Proportion Of Successful Cases. Group (B) Showed A Significantly Higher Proportion Of Successful Cases Than Group (A). Conclusion: By The End Of Follow Up, Clinpro Showed Better Performance Than Embrace Wetbond When Used As Pits And Fissure Sealant In First Permanent Molars.

Michel Karam Eissa Elias, Hebatallah Mohamed Maged El-Far And Shaimaa Ismail Gawdat,

ABSTRACT


Introduction: Postoperative Pain Has Been Thought To Vary According To The Instrumentation Kinematics. The Objective Of The Present Trial Was To Compare The Incidence Of Postoperative Pain And The Amount Of Analgesic Intake After Using Reciproc Or One Shape Nickel-titanium Systems For Root Canal Instrumentation. Subjects And Methods: Fifty-four Patients With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis Were Assigned To 2 Groups According To The Root Canal Instrumentation Technique, Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany) Or One Shape (MicroMega, Besan�on Cedex, France). Treatment Was Completed In A Single Visit. At The End Of The Visit, Participants Were Asked To Rate The Intensity Of Postoperative Pain On The Numerical Rating Scale At 6, 12, 24, 48 And 72 Hours. Participants Were Also Given Ibuprofen 400 Mg To Be Taken In Case Of Intolerable Pain And Asked To Record The Number Of Analgesic Tablets Taken At These Time Points.

Results: No Statistically Significant Difference Was Found In Terms Of Incidence Of Postoperative Pain Nor The Analgesic Intake At The Assessed Time Points.

Conclusions: Instrumentation Kinematics Had No Impact On Intensity Of Postoperative Pain.

Shaima�a Ahmed Aly, Ahmed Gamal Ahmed Hassan, Emad Mohamed Tolba And Gehan Fekry Mohammed,

ABSTRACT
Objective: Long-term Success Of Dental Implants Depends On Implant Abutment Connection . This Prospective Study Aims To Assess Bone Level Changes Around Implants With Self Locking Conical Connection And Traditional Platform Implant Abutment Connection With Mandibular Telescopic Supported Overdenture.

Materials and Methods: Twelve Completely Edentulous Patients Were Selected From The Outpatient Clinic Of The Prosthodontics Department; Faculty Of Dentistry, Minia University. Two Root Form Implants Were Inserted In Canine Area Bilaterally In Each Patient One Is Self -locking Implant Abutment Connection While The Other Is Traditional Platform ,then Telescopic Overdenture Was Constructed Over The Two Implant. The Crestal Bone Level Was Evaluated At 3,6,9,and 12 Months.

Results: The Mean Bone Heights At Different Intervals Of Self-locking Implant Abutments Connection Were 0.12�0.13 , 0.36�0.13, 0.51�0.06, 0.70�0.22,and0.81�0.25 At Baseline Three, Six, Nine And Twelve Months Respectively , While With Traditional Platform Implant Abutment Connation The Mean Bone Height Were T0.36�0.15, 0.58�0.13, 0.73�0.21, 0.82�0.15, And 0.98�0.18 At Baseline Three, Six, Nine And Twelve Months Respectively. Conclusion: Self Locking Conical Connection Implant Abutment Connection May Lead To Lower Rate Of Bone Resorption Rather The Dental Implants In Implant Supported Overdenture.

Gehan Fekry Mohammed, Amr Mohamed Ismail Badr And Moataz Alhosainy Hassan .,

ABSTRACT
Nowadays Mini-implant Overdenture Is Widely Used As A Substitution For The Conventional Two-implant Overdenture. The Thermoplastic Denture Bases Are Excellent Alternatives To Conventionally Used Acrylic Denture Bases, Therefore, The Purpose Of The Article Is To Evaluate Clinically The Patient Satisfaction, The Pocket Depth And Gingival Index Of The Supporting Structures Around Mini Implant Retained Over Denture Utilizing Three Different Denture Base Materials. Subjects And Methods: Twenty-four Healthy Completely Edentulous Male Patients Were Selected From The Outpatient Clinic, Patients Were Divided Randomly Into Three Equal Groups (eight Patients Each) According To The Denture Base Material: Group I: Patients Rehabilitated With Four Mini Dental Implants Retained Over Denture With Conventional Acrylic Denture Base. Group II: Patients Rehabilitated With Four Mini Dental Implants Retained Over Denture With Hard Thermoplastic Denture Base Polyan IC (PMMA) Group III: Patients Rehabilitated With Four Mini Dental Implants Retained Over Denture With Semi Flexible Thermoplastic Denture Base (bre Flex 2nd Edition). The Clinical Evaluation Was Measured In From Of Pocket Depth, Gingival Index And Patient Satisfaction After Immediate Loading Of The Dentures (baseline), 3, 6 And 12 Months.

Results: No Implant Failure Was Detected. The Mini Implants Were Assessed Clinically Throughout The Study Period By Observing The Absence Of Any Signs Of Inflammation Or Infection. The Pocket Depth And Gingival Index Values Were Significantly Higher In The Group Of Semi Flexible Thermoplastic Denture Bases While Patient Satisfaction Values Were Better In The Acrylic Group. Conclusion: Under The Limitations Of This Study, We Can Conclude That The Conventional Acrylic And Hard Thermoplastic Resins Are Better To Some Extent Than Semi Flexible Thermoplastic Resins Regarding The Peri-implant Gingival Measurements And Patient Satisfaction.

Ayman H. Amin, Gehan Fikry , Fardos N. Rizk And Amr B. Ismail .,

ABSTRACT
Objective: This Study Was Conducted To Measure The Difference Between Chrome Cobalt Telescopic Crowns And Poly Ether Ketone (PEEK) Telescopic Crowns Retaining Implant Retained Partial Overdenture Regarding Implant Stability, Crestal Bone Height Changes And Periodontal Pocket Depths

Materials and Methods: This Study Was Made On Fourteen Lower Kennedy Class I Partially Edendulous Patients. All Patients Received Posterior Implant In The Second Molar Area In Each Side. The Patients Were Divided Into 2 Groups, The First Group Received Chrome Cobalt Telescopic Crown And The Second Group Received Poly Ether Ketone Telescopic Crowns Over The Implants. Partial Overdenture Was Constructed For All The Patients In The Two Groups. Patients Were Followed Up Clinically To Measure Crestal Bone Height Changes Using Cone Beam Ct, Implant Stability Test Using Osstell And Periodontal Pocket Depths.

Results: Both Groups Showed Increase In Implant Stability, Periodontal Pocket Depths And Decrease In Crestal Bone Height, However The Difference Between The Two Groups Were Non-significant Except In The Periodontal Pocket Depth, The Chrome Cobalt Group Showed Increased Pocket Depths Than The PEEK Group.

Conclusions: From The Results Of This Study The Following Conclusions Could Be Obtained. There Was Almost No Difference In Crestal Bone Height Resorption Between The CrCo And The PEEK Telescopic Crowns, The Difference Between Implant Stability In Both Groups Were Non-significant, At The End Of The Follow Up Period, The PEEK Telescopic Crown Group Showed Lesser Periodontal Pocket Depths Than The CrCo Group Which Suggests That The PEEK Is More Biocompatible Than The Metallic Crowns.

Mostafa Elsayed Abdel Haleem F, Ahmed Gamal Ahmed Hassan, Emad M T Agamy And Gehan Fekry Mohammed .,

ABSTRACT
Statement Of Problem: Acetal Resin Has Been Introduced As An Esthetic Partial Denture Clasp And Framework Material. However, The Effects Of This Material On The Abutment Teeth Supporting Structures Were Not Clear.

Purpose: To Evaluate The Effects Of Acetal Resin Frame Work And Clasps On The Abutment Teeth Supporting Structures As Compared To Cobalt-chromium Frame Works And Clasps.

Materials and Methods: Fourteen Patients, 6 Males And 8 Females, With Kennedy Class I Partially Edentulous Maxilla And Dentulous Mandibles Were Selected For This Study. Patients Were Divided Randomly Into Two Equal Groups; Group 1 Received Maxillary Partial Denture With Acetal Resin Frameworks And Acetal Resin Clasps . Group 2 Received Maxillary Cobalt-chromium Partial Denture Frameworks With Cobalt-chromium Clasps. Bone Height And Density Of The Abutment Teeth Were Evaluated At Partial Denture Insertion And After 6 And 12 Months. Paired T-test Was Used At P < 0.05 To Assess The Changes In The Above Mentioned Parameters In Each Group. Student T-test Was Used To Compare Between The Two Groups.

Results: There Were Significantly Higher Reductions In Bone Height And In Bone Density In The Second Group Than That In The First Group. Conclusion: Acetal Resin Frameworks And Clasps Were Superior To Cobalt-chromium One Regarding Bone Resorption And Bone Density Around The Abutment Teeth. Clinical Implications: Based On The Changes Of The Studied Parameters ; Acetal Resin Clasp Abutments, It Could Be Used Successfully To Retain Partial Dentures.

Mohamed Medhat AL-Sobahy, Dina Mohamed EL-Beshlawy And Hany Mahmoud Omar .,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Aim Of The Present Study Was To Assess The Effect Of Using Three Different Voxel Sizes On The Accuracy Of Planmeca Promax 3D Mid CBCT Images In Detection Of Simulated External Root Resorption Defects In Mandibular Single Rooted Teeth.

Materials and Methods: Fifty Five Recently Extracted Human Mandibular Incisor Teeth Were Collected And Disinfected, Five Hundred Defects Were Prepared On Their Different Root Surfaces Simulating External Root Resorption Lesions, The Teeth Were Positioned Inside The Sockets Of A Dry Mandible And Were Imaged By The Planmeca Promax 3D Mid CBCT Scanner Using 0.4, 0.2 And 0.15 Voxel Sizes, The Images Were Evaluated Independently By Two Radiologists.

Results: The Results Of Both Observers Showed That CBCT High Resolution Protocol Has Higher Sensitivity And Accuracy Than Normal And Low Resolution Protocol, Moreover, The CBCT Low Resolution Protocol Showed The Least Sensitivity And Accuracy Among All Protocols. Additionally, According To Both Observers, There Was A High Statistically Significance Difference In The Detectability Of All Simulated Defects Using CBCT Low Resolution Protocol (voxel Size 0.4) And Both Normal (voxel Size 0.2) And High (voxel Size 0.15) Resolution Protocols (P <0.001 HS), While There Was No Statistical Significance Difference In Detectability Of The Defects Using CBCT Normal And High Resolution Protocols (P > 0.05 NS). Conclusion: Considering The Studied CBCT Scanner, The Normal And High Resolution Protocols (voxel Sizes 0.2 And 0.15 Respectively) Showed A Similar High Efficacy In Detection Of Simulated External Root Resorption Defects In Mandibular Single Rooted Teeth And Their Usefulness Was Superior To That Of The Low Resolution Protocol (voxel Size 0.4). However, According To The ALARA Principle, The Normal Resolution Protocol Should Be The Scan Of Choice As It Delivers Less Radiation Exposure To The Patient.

Ahmed Kamel Abd El Nasser , Nagwa Mohamed Ali Khattab And Ehab Saeed Abd Elhamid .,

ABSTRACT


Introduction: Regenerative Endodontic Treatment On Immature Teeth With Apical Periodontitis Is Rapidly Becoming An Accepted Treatment Alternative To Conventional Apexfication. Aim This Study Was Designed To Evaluate And Compare The Clinical And Radiographic Findings Of A Regenerative Procedure Using Platelet-rich ?brin (PRF) And Blood Clot In Immature Necrotic Permanent Teeth 12 Months After The Procedure Subjects &Methods: 30 Teeth Were Divided Into Two Groups 15 Participants In Each ,control Group Treated With A Standardized Revascularization Treatment Protocol Using Blood Clot As Scaffold And Study Group Used PRF As Scaffold And Monitored For Clinical And Radiographic Changes For 12 Month. Standardized Radiographs Were Collected At Regular Intervals, And Radiographic Changes Were Quantified.

Results: All Treated Teeth Showed A Statistically Significant Increase In Radiographic Root Thickness It Was 0.88ml In The Study Group Compared To 0.67ml In The Control Group With (p Value= 0.001)also There Was An Increase In The Mean Root Length Of The Treated Teeth Both Study Group And Control Group,(1.25 Ml In The Study Group Versus 0.98ml In The Control Group, P= 0.001).the Success Rate In Clinical Evaluation Criteria Post Intervention Was High With No Significant Difference Between The Study Versus The Control Group 86.7% (n=13) Of Study Groups To 80% (n=12) In The Control Group) Conclusion: Blood Clot And PRP Showed Comparative Results In Terms Of Periapical Healing, Dentinal Wall Thickening, Root Lengthening And Apical Closure

Rehab S. El-Ghazzawi, Ghada A. El-Baz, Sahar Z. El-Azab And Tarek M. Nabil,

ABSTRACT
A Mouth Wash Is A Chemotherapeutic Agent Used As An Effective Home Care Remedy To Improve Oral Hygiene And Prevent Dental Caries By Targeting The Cariogenic Bacteria. Aim : To Evaluate And Compare The Effect Of Three Mouth Washes Of Natural Aqueous Extracts Of Pomegranate, Green Tea And Rosemary On Salivary PH Changes (pH Meter), Plaque Accumulation ( Sillness And L�e Plaque Index) And Counts Of Salivary Streptococcus Mutans And Lactobaciili.

Materials and Methods: Mouthwashes Were Prepared From Aqueous Extracts Of Pomegranate, Green Tea And Rosemary . 40 Children, Aged From 4-6 Years And 12-15 Years, Were Asked To Use Mouthwashes For 4 Days .The Effect Of Mouthwashes Were Evaluated On PH Of Saliva, Plaque Accumulation Rate And The Count Of Salivary Streptococcus Mutans And Lactobacilli. The Collected Data Were Statistically Analyzed. Results; In Both Age Group, After Using Mouthwash, Green Tea Mouthwash Showed Statistically Significantly Lower Mean Value In Mean Plaque Index Score After Using Mouth Wash. Rosemary Mouthwash In Group A(aged From 4-6y) Showed The Highest Mean PH Score With Non-statistically Significant Difference From Green Tea Subgroup. The Three Herbal Mouthwashes Showed Their Significant Inhibitory Effect On Streptococcus Mutans And Lactobacilli In Both Age Groups. Conclusion: Pomegranate, Green Tea And Rosemary Mouthwashes Could Be An Appropriate And Safe Choice To Decrease Dental Caries In Children.

Ehab Magdy Shafik, Sherif Farouk El-gayar, Enas Alaa El-din Abd El-Aziz And Hanan Eid Gamal .,

ABSTRACT
Aim Of Study: To Evaluate The Anticancer Potential Of Propolis On Human Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line (Hep-2).

Materials and Methods: Prepared (Hep-2) Cell Line Was Treated With Different Concentrations Of Propolis For 24 Hours. The Effect Of Propolis On Cell Line Was Investigated Using MTT Assay, Cytological Examination And Nuclear Morphometric Analysis. The Results Were Analyzed Statistically.

Results: MTT Assay Showed That The Mean Viability Percentage Of Propolis Treated Cells (in Relation To Control Cells) Decreased As Propolis Concentration Increased From 0.275mg To 280mg. Morphometric Analysis Showed A Decrease In Nuclear Area Factor (NAF) Which Is An Indicator Of Apoptosis As Concentrations Increased. The Results Were Statistically Significant. Conclusion Propolis Has A Significant Anticancer Effect On Hep-2 Cell Line.

Eslam Said Mohamed, Ragia Mohamed Mounir, Nadia Galal Mohamedand Maha Mohamed Sallam .,

ABSTRACT
Objective: To Evaluate The Effect Of Using Simvastatin On Bone Osseointegration Surrounding Dental Implants. Methodology: Twelve Implants That Were Inserted And Divied Into 2 Equal Groups, Each Group Contained Six Implants (simvastatin Group And Control Group). All Implants Were Done Using Delayed Submerged Implant Insertion Technique. Group One Received Simvastatin Powder As An Adjunctive; To Improve The Osseoientgration Of The Bone Surrounding The Dental Implants, While Group Two With No Adjunctive. All Patients Were Followed Up Clinically And Radiographically For Osseointegration Using Cone Beam CT Two Months, And Six Month Postoperatively.

Results: Simvastatin Group Showed Statistically Low Significant Increase In The Percentage Of Increase In The Mean Bone Density, When Compared To The Control Group. Moreover, It Showed Statistically Low Significant Decrease In The Bone Height Loss Than The Control Group. Conclusion: Simvastatin Powder Is A Safe, Efficient And Easy Way For Mild Acceleration Of Bone Healing And Osseointegration Surrounding Titanium Dental Implants. The Simvastatin Drug Has The Main Function As Antihypercholaesterlemia Drug In Addition To Its Ostegeonic Effect On Bone.

Amal Abu El- Hassan Mohamed, Mahmoud Hamdy Eid And Nada Mohamed Wassef,

ABSTRACT
Sealants Form A Physical Barrier Between The Oral Environment And Deep Fissures That Contribute To Caries Prevention. It Is Postulated That Sealants Possessing Antibacterial Properties Are Advantageous.

Aim: Study The Bacterial Inhibitory Effect Of Two Fluoride Releasing Fissure Sealants (Teethmate F-Kuraray, Fissurit F- Voco) On The Inhibition Of Streptococcus Mutans And Lactobacillus Acidophilus.

Materials and Methods: The Strains Of Streptococcus Mutans And Lactobacillus Acidophilus Were Grown In The Brain Heart Infusion Broth Then Incubated For 18 Hr At 37?C And Subcultured In Selective Agar. The Zone Of Inibition Was Measured In Mm.

Results: Teethmate F-1 Showed More Antibacterial Property Against Streptococcus Mutans Than Fissurit F And There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between Teethmate F-1 And Fissurit F Against Lactobacillus Acidophilus.

Conclusions: Within The Limitations Of This In-vitro Study, It Can Be Concluded That Both Materials Are Capable Of Contact Inhibition Of Streptococcus Mutans And Lactobacillus Acidophilus Growth.

Samia Mostafa Kamal, Rehab A. Abdel Moneim And Aml Mostafa Kamal,

ABSTRACT
Background: Human Eruption Is A Unique Developmental Process In The Organism. The Etiology Or The Mechanism Behind Eruption Has Never Been Fully Understood. Accordingly, The Mechanism Of Eruption Depends On The Correlation Between Space In The Eruption Course Created By The Crown Follicle, Eruption Pressure Triggered By Innervation In The Apical Root Membrane And The Ability Of The Periodontal Ligament To Adapt To Eruptive Movements.

Aim: This Study Was Designed To Localize And Delineate The Role Of The Signaling Molecule; Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-?) Before, During And After Eruption.

Materials and Methods: The Study Was Carried Out On Twenty Adult Albino Rats (6-8 Months Old) And Of Average Weight 200-250 Gm. The Rats Were Housed Together For Mating. After Pregnancy Confirmation, The Off- Springs Were: Sacrificed At Birth (Group I), 5 Days Postpartum (Group II), 10 Days Postpartum (Group III) And 15 Days Postpartum (Group IV). Each Group Consisted Of Ten Off-springs. The Lower Jaws Of All Off-springs Were Then Dissected, Processed And Mounted In Paraffin Wax For Histological Examination, Immunohistochemical Assessment And Statistical Analysis.

Results: Immunohistochemical Investigation Showed That TGF-? Was Widely And Deeply Expressed In Tooth Follicle And Bone Trabeculae At The Base Of The Growing Tooth At All Developmental Ages And Was Significantly Increased At 15 Days Postpartum With Statistical Significance; P<0.0001. Conclusion: Although The Exact Mechanisms Of Eruption Are Not Yet Known, We Proposed A Close Relation Between Signaling Molecules And Eruption Process Based Upon Our Findings And The Apparent Effects Of TGF-? On Odontogenesis And On The Whole Eruption Process.

Nermeen Ahmed Hassan , Amr Hosni El-Khadem And Maha Wagdy El-Kerdawy,

ABSTRACT
Background: Titanium Has Been Used Considered The Gold Standard For Dental Implants For Many Years Due To Its Superior Mechanical Properties. However, It Has Many Drawbacks Regarding Corrosion And Esthetics That Required Searching For Another Alternative. In This Study, We Aimed To Determine The Amount Of Stresses Developing In The Peri-implant Bone Under Vertical Load When Different Types Of PEEK Are Used As An Implant Material.

Materials and Methods: Four Virtual Models Of A Mandible With Two Inter-foraminal Implants Supporting An Overdenture Were Designed Using SolidWorks Software. Unilateral Vertical Load Was Applied Over The Denture Teeth And Von Misses Stresses Were Collected From The Peri-implant Bone.

Results: Von Mises Stresses In The Coronal Portion Of The Peri-implant Bone Was The Highest Around PEEK Implants And The Least Around Titanium Implants. Conclusion: PEEK Can Be Used As An Alternative To Titanium In Dental Implants From The Mechanical Point Of View, But Further Clinical Studies Are Recommended To Test The Material Behavior Intraorally.

Mennat-Allah Sayed Gaber, Shaymaa I. Habib And Abdel-Hadi Mohamed Amin,

ABSTRACT


Purpose: The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate Solubility, Calcium And Phosphorus Ions Release And Bioactivity Of Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement Before And After Addition Of Nanobioactive Glass Particles.

Materials and Methods: One Commercially Available Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement And Nanobioactive Glass Particles Were Used In This Study. Bioactive Glass Was Added To The Cement Powder By Two Weight Percentages 2wt% And 5wt%. Solubility Was Evaluated Using ANSI/ADA Specification No.66-1989 For Glass Ionomer Cements. Twenty One Samples (n=7/gp) Were Prepared Using Split Teflon Mold (7.75�1.5mm). Solubility Was Recorded At 7 Days And 30 Days. For Calcium And Phosphorus Ions Release, 21 Samples (n=7/gp) Were Prepared Using The Same Mold And Stored In Deionized Water Then Recorded At 7 Days And 30 Days. Regarding Bioactivity ,12 Samples (n=4/gp) Were Prepared And Immersed In PBS Solution For 7 Days And 30 Days And Examined By Scanning Electron Microscope (Field Emission Gun) Attached With Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis Unit EDXA. The Results Were Statistically Analyzed.

Results: Regarding Solubility, Results Showed A Statistically Significant Difference Between Group I, Group II And Group III After Both 7 Days And 30 Days. Moreover, Storage For 30 Days Showed Statistically Higher Solubility Values In All Groups Than 7 Days. Regarding Calcium Ions Release, There Was A Statistically Significant Difference Between Group I, Group II And Group III After Both 7 Days And 30 Days. However, No Statistically Significant Difference Was Recorded Between 7days And 30 Days In All Groups. For Phosphorus Ions Release, It Was Found That There Was A Statistically Significant Difference Between Group I, Group II And Group III After 7 Days. However, After 30 Days There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between Group I, Group II And Group III. Results Also Showed Statistically Significant Higher Ph Ions Release After 30 Days Than 7 Days. Regarding Bioactivity, CaP Deposits Were Obvious Only In High Concentrations Of BAG (group III) After 30 Days Immersion In PBS On The Surface Of The Samples With Ca/P Molar Ratio =1.3.

Conclusions: 1. There Is A Direct Relationship Between The Amount Of BAG Added To RMGI And Its Solubility. 2. Although Addition Of BAG To RMGI Increased The Ion Bioavailability And Solubility, The Bioactivity Was Not Sufficiently Improved.

Mohamed S. Elbehairy, Nora Cheta, Tamer M. Nassef And Hamdy A. Hamed,

ABSTRACT
Background Comparing The Effect Of Implant Inclination On Stress Distribution In Peri-implant Bone In Mandibular All On Four Hybrid Prosthesis. Material And Methods Bone Model Was Reconstructed From CBCT Scan Segmentation, Implants And Cad/cam Prosthesis Were Exported As STL Files And Converted Into Solid Parts By Reverse Engineering Followed By Part Assembly, Meshing And Load Application. Results A Large Decrease In Von-mises Stresses Was Observed In The Model With 30 Degrees Tilted Implants. Conclusion Model D30 Was The Best Treatment Design Regarding Stress Distribution Compared To The Other Two Models.

Osama S. Selim, Jihan F. Younis And Tamer A. Hamza,

ABSTRACT
Statement Of Problem: The Mechanical Properties Of Recently Introduced Zirconia Reinforced Lithium Silicate Materials As Full Anatomical Restorations Require More Evaluation. The Lack Of Documentation Studying The Effect Of Different Finish Line Curvatures On The Mechanical Behaviour Of Ceramics Necessitated Investigation. The Purpose Of This In-vitro Study Is To Compare The Fracture Resistance Of Recently Introduced Zirconia Reinforced Lithium Silicate To Lithium Disilicate Using Two Different Finish Line Curvatures.

Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight Crowns Were Milled And Fabricated Using CAD/CAM System On Epoxy Dies Duplicated From A Stainless-steel Master Die. They Were Divided Into 2 Equal Groups (n = 14) According To The Ceramic Material Type Used: Group I, Monolithic Lithium Disilicate (IPS E.maxCAD) And Group S, Monolithic Zirconia-reinforced Lithium Silicate (Vita Suprinity). According To The Finish Line Curvature; Zero And 3mm Curve, Each Group Were Subdivided Into Two Equal Subgroups (n=7). All Specimens Were Cemented On Epoxy Dies Using A Self-adhesive Resin Cement (TOTALCEM, Itena), And Then Loaded Until Fracture Using A Universal Testing Machine. Kruskal-Wallis Test Was Used To Compare Between The Two Ceramic Types. Mann-Whitney U Test Was Used To Compare Between The Two Finish Line Curvatures. The Significance Level Was Set At P ? 0.05. Hypothesis: The Two Different Finish Line Curvatures Will Affect The Fracture Resistance Of The Tested Monolithic Crowns

Results: With Both Ceramic Types, There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between Mean Fracture Resistance Values Of The Two Finish Line Curvatures. IPS E.maxCAD Showed The Statistically Significantly Higher Mean Fracture Resistance Than Vita Suprinity. Conclusion: The Finish Line Curvature Had No Effect On The Fracture Resistance Of The Tested Ceramic Restorations. The Strength Of Tested Ceramic Is A Material Dependant Where IPS E.maxCAD Crowns Showed Higher Fracture Resistance Mean Values Than Vita Suprinity

Rana Abdel Hameed El Gazar, Mohamad Seddik Mohamad Kamel And Eman Fahmy Ado Elfetoh .,

ABSTRACT
Background: Tooth Bleaching Has Become Popular In Dentistry Since It Has Been Shown To Be An Effective And Noninvasive Treatment. The Bleaching Agent Is Applied In Intimate Contact With The Teeth, With Potentially Associated Restorations, It Has Been Speculated That This Process Could Cause Negative Alterations In Oral Substrates

Purpose: To Evaluate In-office Light-activated Bleaching On Translucency Of Hybrid Ceramic By Measuring Transmittance And Absorption Of Light By Spectrophotometer.

Materials and Methods: Twenty Specimens Were Prepared In (3M2-T) Shade And Were Cut From CAD/CAM Blocks Of Hybrid Ceramic. The Study Will Consist Of Twenty Specimens Of Hybrid Ceramic And These Specimens Will Be Randomly Divided Into 2 Groups. The Translucency Of The Samples Of Group I Act As A Controlled Group Which Were Not Received32% Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching Agent Was Measured By Spectrophotometer. Samples Of Group II Received 3 Times Applications Of The Bleaching Agent. Each Cycle Ranges 15-20 Min. Then Exposed To A LED Power Bleach System For Three Cycles � 15 Min Each With 10 Min Resting Time. New Translucency Evaluation By The Spectrophotometry In The Same Way For Samples Of Group II.

Results: In This Study, A Comparison Of The Groups Using Independent T-test Revealed Statistically Significant Differences In Translucency Values Before And After Bleaching (P<0.001). After Bleaching, We Can Observe A Decrease In The Absorption Of Light. Also, There Was An Increase In Transmittance Of Light In Group II Samples When Compared With Samples Of Group I. This Is Proved That Bleaching Caused A Highly Significant Change In Translucency Values Of Hybrid Ceramic. Conclusion: In Conclusion, Statistically Significant Differences Among The Translucency Changes Of All Test Groups Were Found After Exposing Them To The Bleaching Agent.

Mohamed Khalid Ebn- Elwaleed Diab, Manal Rafie Hassan And Mohammed Moustafa Shalaby,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Aim Of This Study Was To Assess The Effect Of Finishing Techniques On Translucency Of Two All Ceramic Materials (pressed Lithium Di Silicate And Yttrium Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia). Methods: Sixty Discs Were Fabricated; Thirty Of Each Material Was Divided Randomly To Three Sub Groups According To Techniques Of Traditional Polishing, Auto Glaze And Add-on Glaze. All Of Discs Were Subjected To Aging Procedures Of Thermocycling & Subjected To Different Coloring Solutions That Mimic The Conditions Of Oral Cavities Tea, Coffee, Orange Juice, Lemon Juice And Cola . All Discs Were Subjected To Translucency Test Using Portable Intraoral Digital Spectrophotometer (Vita Easy Shade) Against Black & White Backgrounds For Comparison With The Respective Control Groups.

Results: Regarding To Polishing & Glazing Tests Was The Only Significant Test From The Three Way ANOVA (p Value 0.001). Pressed Lithium Di Silicate Discs Were More Translucent In All Subgroups With High Statistical Significance (P Value <0.001). Pressed Lithium Di Silicate Discs Were Non-significant Before And After Emersion In Coloring Solutions And Aging Thermo-cycling Test. (P Value 0.336). Yttrium Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Discs Was Non-significant Before And After Emersion In Coloring Solutions And Aging Thermo-cycling Test When Subjected To Auto Glaze. (P Value 0.586). Tetragonal Zirconia Discs Were Significant Before And After Emersion In Coloring Solutions And Aging Thermo-cycling Test When Subjected To Add-on Glaze (P Value 0.175) And Traditional Polishing (P Value 1). Conclusion: It Could Be Concluded From This Study, That Pressed Lithium Di Silicate Was The Material Of Choice When It Comes To Esthetics As It Was More Translucent Than Yttrium Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia & It Was Resistant To Staining By Food And Drinks, More Over It Was Highly Resistant To Ageing As Proven By Thermocycling.

Mohamed Gamal Hamdy Abddel-Aal, Cherief Adel Mohsen And Shams Waaz Amgad .,

ABSTRACT
Statement Of The Problem: Color Stability Of All Ceramic Restorations Cemented In The Oral Cavity Is Point Of Concern For Both Dentist And Patient. The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate Color Stability Of Zirconia Ceramic After Being Subjected To Aging.

Materials & Methods: Fifteen Zirconia Samples Were Constructed In The Form Of Discs By Copy Milling. All The Samples Were 5mm In Diameter But With Different Thickness. The Samples Were Divided Into Three Subgroups According To The Thickness Of The Ceramic C1:0.7mm, C2:1mm And C3:1.5mm. Spectrophotometric Measurements Were Made Before Aging And After Aging Where The Samples Were Immersed In Sodium Hypochlorite 1% For 15 Days As Aging And ?E Was Calculated. Data Were Tabulated And Statistically Analyzed Using One-way Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA). Result: The Most Color Change Occurred With 1.5mm Ceramic (?E:15.55�1.46), The 1mm Ceramic Had A Value About (?E: 5.2�1.27), While The Least Color Change Occurred With 0.7mm Ceramic (?E 3�0.82). Conclusion: There Was Increase In The Color Change With The Increase In The Thickness Of The Ceramic. Aging Had Significant Effect On The Color Stability Of Zirconia Ceramic With The Most Color Change Occured With The Higher Ceramic Thickness. Clinical Recommendation: Zirconia Should Not Be Used With A Thickness More Than 0.7mm To Attain Acceptable Color Stability.

Mahmoud Ahmed Kamel, Manal Rafei Hassan And Raiessa Mohammed Hashem .,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Purpose Of This Study Is To Investigate The Wear Of Recently Used CAD/CAM Ceramics Against Natural Tooth Structure In A Chewing Apparatus.

Materials and Methods: Thirty Rectangular Ceramic Samples (12x14x2) Were Divided Into Three Groups (n=10): Translucent Zirconia (Zr), Lithium Disilicate (e-max) And Hybrid Ceramic (vita Enamic). Natural Human Premolar Cusps Were Used As Antagonists. Ceramic Samples And Premolar Antagonists Were Dynamically Three-body Loaded In A Dual Axis Chewing Simulator With 49 N For 150,000 Loading Cycles. Wear Measurement For Ceramic Samples And Premolar Antagonists Were Calculated Using Weight Loss (gm.), And Surface Roughness Measurements (?m). Data Were Statistically Analyzed With One-way ANOVA Test, Followed By Post-hoc Test Between Groups.

Results: A Significant Difference Was Detected Between The Mean Values Of Weight Loss (gm.) Of The Three Tested Ceramic Materials And Their Premolar Antagonists With The Greatest Weight Loss Detected In Polymer-infiltrated Ceramics (Mean � SD: 0.0094�0.0028) Followed By Lithium-disilicate ( 0.0032�0.0009) And The Lowest Loss In Zirconia (0.0009�0.0002) And P Value Of (<0.001). For The Premolar Antagonists; The Greatest Loss In The Mean Weight Of Premolar Cusps Was Detected In Cusps Opposing Zirconia (0.0113�0.0018), Followed By Lithium-disilicate (0.0038�0.0009) And The Least Loss Detected In Cusps Opposing Polymer-infiltrated Ceramics (0.0003� 9) And P Value Of (<0.001). A Significant Difference In Surface Roughness (?m) In The Tested Ceramic Samples And In The Antagonistic Premolar Cusps. Surface Roughness Increased After Wear Testing But The Greatest Increase Was Found In Polymer-infiltrated Ceramic Samples (0.0056�0.0008) Followed By Lithium Disilicate (0.0033�0.0009) And The Least Change Was In Zirconia Samples (0.001�0.0003 And P Value Of (<0.001). Surface Roughness Of Zirconia Antagonistic Premolar Cusps Showed The Greatest Increase (0.0042�0.0007) Followed By Lithium-disilicate (0.0024�0.0009), While The Least Increase In Roughness Was In Cusps Opposing Polymer-infiltrated Ceramic Samples (0.0004�0.0001) And P Value Of (<0.001). Conclusion: Zirconia Showed The Best Wear Behavior Followed By Lithium-disilicate And Polymer-infiltrated Ceramics. Polymer-infiltrated Ceramic Is The Most Antagonist-friendly Among Tested Materials.

Hala Khaled Elsayed; Amal Hassan Abdel-Rahman And Dina Soliman Khater .,

ABSTRACT
Background: Head And Neck Cancer Among The Most Common Incident Cancers In Men Worldwide.�Early Detection Is The Key To Higher Survival Rate Against This Type Of Cancer. Cytokeratins Are Essential Intracellular Components, Reflecting Distinct Cellular Properties And Differentiation Stages In Epithelial Tissues. The CYFRA 21-1 Assay, Which Is The Soluble Fragment Of Cytokeratin 19, Has Been Proven Capable Of Early Detection Of Epithelial Carcinomas. This Study Was Conducted To Correlate The Immunoexpression Of CK 19 With The Concentration Of Its Salivary Fragments (CYFRA 21-1) For Early Detection Of Induced Dysplastic Changes Prior To Malignant Transformation In Experimental Rat. Conclusion: There Is A Positive Correlation Between CK 19 Immunoexpression In Tissue And The Level Of CYFRA 21-1 In Saliva.

Esraa Khairy Morsy, Enas Anter Abdel Ghafar And Sahar Hosny El Dessouky,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Study Aimed To Assess The Accuracy Of Linear Measurements On Three-dimensional (3D) Volume Rendered Images Generated From Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) In Comparison With Two-dimensional Multiplanar Reformatted Slices (2D MPR).

Materials and Methods: 16 Dry Human Skulls Were Scanned Using Planmeca Promax 3D Mid CBCT Machine, 23 Anatomical Landmarks Were Selected And Marked On Each Skull Using Gutta-percha Pieces, 14 Linear Measurements Were Taken Between Them Using Digital Caliper. Using A Third Party Software (In Vivo 5) The Same Linear Measurements Were Assessed On Both 3D VR Images And 2D MPR Ones. The Absolute Measurement Error �AME Was Assessed For Both Image Types, Then Compared Using Paired T-test.

Results: Paired T- Test Comparison Between ME Values Of Both Image Types Showed That Non-statistical Significant Difference Between Them Expect For MN Width� And �Me-POG�. Conclusion: Linear Measurements On Both 3D VR And 2D MPR Images Are Reliable And Accurate When Compared With Direct Caliper Measurements With Slight Higher Accuracy In 3D VR Images.

Abdallah Hassan M.; Manal M. Hosny And Rasha Wagih Mostafa .,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To Clinically Evaluate Toothpaste Containing 8% Arginine, Calcium Carbonate And Sodium Mono-fluoro-phosphate In Comparison To Other Containing 8% Strontium Acetate And Sodium Fluoride On The Relief Of DH In Chronic Periodontitis Patients. Methods: 46 Patients With Slight To Moderate Chronic Periodontitis Were Randomly Assigned To One Of Two Groups And Followed Up For 8 Weeks. All Patients Received Full Mouth Mechanical Debridement. Air Blast Test And Cold Water Test Were Assessed Using Schiff Scale And VAS Score Respectively. Clinical Parameters Plaque Index (PLI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) Were Recorded.

Results: Significant Reduction In Median Schiff Scores After Treatment With 33.3% Reduction From Baseline For Both Groups, With No Significant Difference Between Them. For VAS Scores, The Arginine Group Reported Earlier And Significant Improvement In Sensitivity To Cold Water Stimulus That Reached 55%. In The Strontium Group The Onset Of Reduction In Sensitivity Started From Week 3 And Reached 25%. Statistically Significant Difference Between The Two Groups Started From Week 7 Only. Conclusion: The Use Of 8% Arginine Toothpaste Twice Daily For 8 Weeks Produced Earlier And More Significant Reduction In Perception Of DH According To VAS Scores In Chronic Periodontitis Patients. No Significant Difference Between The Two Agents Could Be Detected In Relevance To Changes In PPD, CAL, PLI And GI.

Mohamed Omaia Ahmed, Maged M. Negm, Yousra M. Nashaat, Nehal N. Abdelaziz And Amal S. Othman,

ABSTRACT
Background: The Elimination Of Intracanal Microorganisms Is Essential For The Long-term Success Of Root Canal Treatment. This May Be Achieved By Mechanical Cleaning And Shaping In Conjunction With Irrigation And Antibacterial Agents. The Aim Of This Study Was To Assess The Ability Of Triple Antibiotic Paste With Diclofenac Potassium Anti-inflammatory Drug Versus Calcium Hydroxide Used As Intra-canal Medication In Reducing Intracanal Bacterial Count. Methods: 84 Patients With Asymptomatic Uniradicular Necrotic Teeth Were Randomly Assigned Into Two Groups According To The Intra-canal Medication Used: Calcium Hydroxide Group (CH) And Triple Antibiotic Paste With Diclofenac Potassium Anti-inflammatory Drug Group (TAPC). After Isolation, Access Cavity Was Performed Followed By Chemo-mechanical Preparation Using Rotary Protaper Universal Files With Saline Irrigation. Bacteriological Samples Obtained From The Root Canals Before (S1) And After Instrumentation (S2) In The First Treatment Session. Subsequently, Intra-canal Medication Was Placed And Bacterial Reduction Was Assessed In The Second Session After 3 Days (S3) Using Colony Forming Unit Test.

Results: Both Intracanal Medicaments Showed A Statistically Significant Bacterial Count Reduction From S2 To S3. TAP+Catafast Intracanal Medication Achieved Significant Bacterial Count Reduction Compared To That Of Ca(OH)2. Conclusion: The Use Of Triple Antibiotic Paste With Diclofenac Potassium Anti-inflammatory Drug As Intracanal Medication Was More Effective Than That Of Calcium Hydroxide In Asymptomatic Uniradicular Necrotic Teeth.

Hassan Mohamed Salah; Manal Mohamed Hosny; Olfat Gameel Shaker And Rasha Wagih Mostafa .,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Aim Of The Present Study Was To Evaluate The Possible Effect Of Vitamin E Administration As An Adjunct To Scaling And Root Planing On GCF Levels Of Malondialdehyde And Clinical Parameters In Patients With Chronic Periodontitis. The Adjunctive Effect Of Vitamin E Was Compared To Scaling And Root Planing Alone. Methods: Thirty-two Patients With Chronic Periodontitis Participated In This Study. They Received Scaling And Sub Gingival Debridement With Either Administration Of Vitamin E (Group I) Or Placebo (Group II). The Primary Outcome Was To Measure The Level Of Malondialdehyde (MDA) In Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) Using The Quantitative Sandwich ELISA Technique. In Addition, Clinical Parameters Such As PLI,GI, PPD And CAL Were Recorded At Baseline And 3 Months After Treatment. Results The Mean Difference Between Baseline And 3 Months Scores Presented Significant Difference Between The 2 Groups With Respect To CAL And PD. The Test Group Presented More Gain In CAL (0.78mm Versus 0.46mm) And More Reduction In PD (0.81mm Versus 0.41mm). The Test Group Presented Higher Reduction In GCF Level Of MDA 3 Months Posttreatment. However, The Difference Between Groups Did Not Reach Statistical Significance. Conclusion: Scaling And Root Planing Significantly Reduced GCF Levels Of MDA 1 And 3 Months After Treatment Compared To Baseline Values. The Adjunctive Administration Of Vitamin E Produced Higher Reduction In GCF Levels Of MDA 3 Months After Treatment In Comparison To Control Group. The Adjunctive Administration Of Vitamin E Produced More Significant Reduction In Full Mouth Scores For PD And More Significant Gain In Full Mouth Scores For CAL 3 Months After Treatment.

Radwa M. Fayez , Jealan M. El Shafei And Alaa El Baz,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Objective Of This Study Was To Assess And Compare The Effect Of Calcium Hydroxide/ Nano Silver Particulate Combination Intracanal Medicament Versus Calcium Hydroxide Intracanal Medicament On Postoperative Pain In Cases With Necrotic Pulp. Subject And Methods: Forty Patients With Necrotic Pulp In Anterior Teeth Were Included. After Through Clinical And Radiographic Diagnosis, Patients Were Enrolled Into Two Equal Random Group Each Of 20 Patients. All Caries Were Removed And The Pulp Chamber Was Accessed With Sterile High Speed Carbide Burs Under Sterile Saline Irrigation, Standard Endodontic Treatment Was Performed In Two Visits Using Rotary Nickel Titanium Files For Shaping, 2.5% Sodium Hypochlorite For Cleaning. Using Lentulo Spiral Filler, Medicaments Were Placed Under Aseptic Conditions Into The Canals According To Each Group At The End Of The First Visit, Lateral Condensation Technique With Resin Sealer For Obturation Was Done 7 Days Later. Pain Was Assessed Pre-operatively, Then After 6, 12, 24 And 48 Hours After Root Canals Obturation. Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Was Used As The Primary Outcome Measure. Patients Were Given Analgesics To Be Administrated In Case Of Emergency. All Demographic Data And NRS Scores Were Collected From The Patients And Statistically Analyzed.

Results: Results Showed That There Was No Statistically Significant Difference In Pain Incidence Between The Two Groups After 6 Hrs. However Combining Pain Categories (mild And Moderate) The Comparison Between 2 Groups Become Statistically Significant. There Was No Significant Difference In Incidence Of Analgesic Intake Between The Two Groups.

Conclusions: Nano Silver Seems To Have A Good Potential To Be Used As An Appropriate Vehicle Of Ca (OH) 2 In Order To Reduce The Incidence Of Post-operative Pain In The First 24 Hours Following Root Canal Treatment.

Nourhan A. El-Maghrabi, Yehia S. Aboushady And Seham A. Hanafy,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Effect Of Sintering, Surface Treatment And Different Types Of Cements On The Shear Bond Strength Of Zirconia-reinforced Lithium Silicate Restorations.

Materials and Methods: Forty Specimens Of Zirconia-reinforced Lithium Silicate Of 10 Mm In Diameter And Thickness Was 2mm Were Randomly Divided Into Two Groups (N=20), One Group Was Cut And One Surface Polished While The Other Group Was Cut And Sintered. Each Group Was Randomly Subdivided According To The Method Of Surface Treatment; One Group Was Sandblasted While The Other Group Was Sandblasted And Etched With Hydrofluoric Acid And Luted To Composite Cylinders By Using Two Types Of Resin Cements: A Dual-curing (Calibra Resin Cement) And Dual-curing (Panavia V5) Adhesive Systems According To The Manufacturer�s Instructions. Specimens Were Thermo-cycled Between 5�C And 55�C In Water For 500 Cycles, Shear Bond Strength Test Was Performed In A Universal Testing Machine At 0.5 Mm/min Until Failure Occurred. All De-bonded Samples Were Examined Under A Stereomicroscope To Identify The Failure Mode.

Results: The Effect Of Type Of Surface Finish (sintered /one Surface Polished) Within The Specimens Showed That Sintered Provided Higher Bond Strength Than One Surface Polished . On Comparing Between The Type Of Surface Treatment Sandblasted Or Sandblasted + Hydrofluoric Acid Etched And Silanation Used In Each Subgroup, The Sandblasted Followed By Hydrofluoric Acid Etched And Silanation Provided Higher Bond Strength Than Sandblasted . Moreover, Calibra Resin Cement Provided Higher Bond Strength Than Panavia V5 Resin Cement.

Conclusions: It Was Concluded That The Type Of Surface Finish, Surface Treatment And Type Of Resin Cement Had A Significant Effect On The Shear Bond Strength Of Zirconia Reinforced Lithium Silicate Ceramics.

Moataz Moktar, Eman Mohie, Fady Fahim And Amr Labib .,

ABSTRACT
Objective: To Detect Influence Of Bend-back Of The NiTi Wires During Leveling And Alignment On The Maxillary Incisors.

Materials and Methods: The Sample Comprised 42 Females And Males Aging About 20+2 Years. They Were Randomly Allocated Into Two Groups: Control Group (A) And Intervention Group (B) With Bend-back Of All Leveling Arch Wires. Lateral Cephalomtric Radiographs Were Performed And The Data Were Statistically Analyzed.

Results: Significant Increase In The Maxillary Incisors� Proclination Was Manifested In Both Groups, Where There Was Increase In The U1/PP, U1/NA And U1-NA(mm) Measurements.

Conclusions: Bend-back Of The Niti Wires During The Leveling And Alignment Stages Did Not Prevent Or Decrease The Incisors� Proclination Of The Maxillary Incisors.

Tarek Salah Hashim Ali, Nora Cheta And Mahmoud EL Far,

ABSTRACT
In-vivo Study Was Carried Out To Evaluate The Amount Of The Linear Dimensional Changes Of Maxillary Complete Denture Fabricated By Using Digital Light Projection (DLP) 3D Printing Method And Conventional Compression Flask Method. Eighteen Completely Edentulous Patients Were Included In The Study. For Each Patient, The Maxillary Master Cast Was Used To Fabricate Duplicate. The Obtained Duplicates Were Used To Fix Three Cover Screws At The Following Positions; A: The Incisive Papilla, B: The Right Second Molar Area, C: The Left Second Molar. Patients Were Divided Into Two Equal Groups Of Nine Participants, Group (1) The Conventionally Processed Complete Denture And Group (2) The Digital Light Projection (DLP) 3D Printed Complete Denture. The Dimensional Changes Were Measured Using Digital Caliper With Accuracy Of 0.02mm. Dimensional Changes Occurred In Both Types Of Complete Dentures Bases. Digital Light Projection (DLP) 3D Printed Complete Dentures Showed More Dimensional Stability Than The Conventional Compression Flask Complete Dentures With No Statistical Significance.

Nesma Nabil Mahrous, Dina Soliman Khater And Nermin Raouf .,

ABSTRACT
Background: Ameloblastoma (AB) And Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor (KCOT) Are Benign Locally Invasive Epithelial Odontogenic Neoplasms With High Recurrence Rate. Furthermore, Ameloblastic Carcinoma (ABC) Is The Malignant Variant Of Ameloblastoma With An Aggressive Behavior As Well As Poor Prognosis And High Recurrence Rate. Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Immunohistochemichal Expression Of Ezrin Antibody In These Epithelial Odontogenic Tumors Aggressive Behavior.

Materials and Methods: Immunostaining For Mouse Monoclonal Anti-human Ezrin Antibody Was Performed On 2 Tooth Germ (was Used As A Control), 15 AB, 10 ABC And 14 KCOT Archival Blocks.

Results: The Statistical Analysis Revealed The Highest Mean Area Of Ezrin Immunoexpression In ABC, While The Lowest Mean Value Was Recorded In Tooth Germs. It Also Revealed That The Difference Between All Studied Caeses Was Extremely Significant. Conclusion: The Positive Cytoplasmic Immunoexpression Of Ezrin In AB, ABC, And KCOT Indicates That It It Could Be A Valuable Tool In Detecting Their Biological Behavior, Invasiveness And Progression.

Esraa Abdel Ghaffar Ahmed, Mohamed Adel Ezzat Khairy And Maha Abdel Salam El-Baz .,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Study Was Conducted To Evaluate The Effect Of 8% Arginine Based Toothpaste In Comparison To 8% Strontium Acetate Based Toothpaste On Dentine Hypersensitivity Reduction.

Materials and Methods: This Was A Randomized, Triple-blind, Placebo Controlled Study. Fifty One Subjects With A Confirmed Diagnosis Of�dentin Hypersensitivity�were Randomized To One Of Three Treatments: �Arginine Based Toothpaste (Colgate Pro-relief), Strontium Acetate Based Toothpaste (Sensodyne Rapid Action), Or Placebo. A Standard Test Stimulus Was Calibrated Short Blast Of Air Syringe, Applied To Sensitive Dentin�surfaces. Subjects Recorded The Intensity Of�sensitivity�in Response To Stimulus On A Visual Analog Scale At Baseline, And After 1 Week, 2 Weeks And 3 Months.

Results: All Study Treatments Showed Statistically Significant Reductions From Baseline In DH Pain At All Time Points Where (p<0.001). 8% Arginine Based Toothpaste (Colgate Pro-relief) Was Statistically And Clinically Significant Higher When Compared With 8% Strontium Acetate Based Toothpaste (Sensodyne Rapid Action). These Products Were Shown To Be Significantly Superior To The Placebo At All Time Intervals. Hence, The Hypothesis Was Accepted. Conclusion: 8% Arginine Based Toothpaste And 8% Strontium Acetate Based Toothpaste Are Considered A Promising Agents That Can Be Used To Reduce Pain Associated With Hypersensitivity. It Has Been Shown That There Is Considerable Reduction Clinically And Statistically Significant In Dentinal Hypersensitivity In The Participants Under The 8% Arginine Based Toothpaste Group When Compared With The 8% Strontium Acetate Based Toothpaste.

Mohamed Ali Attia, Mohammed Atef And Maha Hakam,

ABSTRACT
Background: Several Grafting Materials Have Been Proposed For Sinus Augmentation Including Autogenous Graft, Allograft, Xenograft, Synthetic Biomaterials And Recently Platelets Concentrates.

Purpose: Evaluating Effect Of Injectable Platelet Rich Fibrin (I-PRF) Mixed To Deproteinized Bovine Bone (DBB) (sticky Bone) In Sinus Augmentation In Comparison With A Solely DBB Regarding Amount Of Bone Height Gained, Bone Density And Implant Stability.

Materials and Methods: 19 Patients With 20 Pneumatized Sinus 3:6 Mm Residual Alveolar Ridge Height Underwent Single Stage Sinus Lift. 10 Sinuses Were Grafted With DBB In Control Group While Sticky Bone Was Used In 10 Sinuses As A Test Group. CBCT Were Taken Immediately And 6 Months Postoperative. Osstell Readings Were Taken After Insertion And During Implant Exposure.

Results: After 6 Months, Mean Bone Height Gain Of DBB Group Was 8.46� 1.87 Compared To 8.43�2.67 In Sticky Bone Group. This Was Statistically Non-significant. Mean Bone Density Value Was 408.4�66.7 In DBB Group Compared To 547.8�158 In Sticky Bone Group. This Was Statistically Significant. For Stability, Mean ISQ Value Was 74.7�7.2 In DBB Group And 74.7�6.4 In Sticky Bone Group. This Was Statistically Non-significant. Conclusion: Regardless Limitations Of This Study, Results Indicate No Advantages For Sticky Bone Over DBB On Amount Of Bone Generated Or Implant Stability. However, Sticky Bone May Enhance Quality Of Regenerated Bone Inside The Sinus.

Mohamed M. Sabry; Mohamed Riad Farid And Rasha Ra�fat Abdel Aziz .,

ABSTRACT


Aim: To Assess The Reliability Of The Fluorescence Camera Or Caries Detection Dye Versus Visual Tactile Method In Caries Excavation Using Bacteriological Assessment Method.

Materials and Methods: 60 Carious Lesions In 20 Paticipant (3 In Each Paticipant) Was Chosen In This Study. In Each Participant, There Had Been 3 Carious Lesions ; The Excavation End Point Of One Cavity Was Determined Using Visual Tactile Method. The Two Other Cavities Were Inspected Using The Fluorescent Camera And Caries Detector Dye (CDD) To Determine The Excavation Endpoint Respectively. Dentine Samples From The Three Cavities Were Collected Before And After Caries Excavation For The Bacteriological Assessment.

Results: The Visual Tactile Method Showed Lowest Reduction In The Bacterial Count Followed By Caries Detector Dye Followed By The Highest Reduction For Fluorescent Camera With A Statistically Significant Difference Between Each Other�s. Conclusion: The Light Induced Fluorescent Intraoral Camera Is More Effective In Removing Infected Dentin And In Reaching The Excavation Endpoint.

Yomna Saadi, Farid Medhat And Nashwa Salah .,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Purpose Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Presence Or Absence Of The Second Mesiobuccal Canal Of Permanent Maxillary First And Second Molars In An Egyptian Population Using Cone-beam Computed Tomography Scanning. Methods: The Study Was A Cross Sectional Retrospective Study Performed On 198 Maxillary First And Second Permanent Molars From 60 CBCT Scans Belonging To Egyptian Individuals. Radiographic Examination Was Done Using Cranex 3DX � SOREDEX, Finland With Image Capture Parameters Set At�FOV Of 8 X 6 Cm, 90 KV, 10 MA And An Exposure Time Of 6 Seconds. The Voxel Size Was 0.2 Mm.

Results: A Total Of 198 CBCT Images Of Maxillary First (n?=?102) And Second Molars (n?=?96) From 60 Patients Were Analyzed. Frequency And Percentage Of The Presence Of 2nd Mesiobuccal Canal In The Whole Sample (198 Molars Of Both Females & Males) Was Interpreted By Three Oral Radiologists Independently Twice. The Results Showed That The Inter-rater Reliability For The Maxillary First Molars Was High (? = 0.8280), I.e. That The Three Observers Strongly Agree And For The Second Maxillary Molars Was Good (? = 0.7862), I.e. That The Three Observers Agree. The Results Also Showed For Observer 1, 2 &3 Highly Statistically Significant Intra-rater Reliability (P= <.0001). Conclusion: Within The Limitations Of This Study, It Can Be Concluded That The Prevalence Of The Second Mesiobuccal Canal In Maxillary First And Second Molars Is 43.4% In The Studied Patients Of Egyptian Population.

Ashraf Mohamed Desokey, Ahmed Gamal Ahmed And Emad Mohamed Tolba Agamy,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Aim Of This In Vitro Study Is To Evaluate Strain Induced By Different Prosthetic Options Using Single Posterior Implant With Two Splinted Natural Abutments In Lower Unilateral Distal Extension Base Removable Partial Denture (Kennedy Class II).

Materials and Methods: In This Study An Epoxy Resin Model Was Used To Simulate A Class II Kennedy Edentulous Situation With Missing All Molars. The First And Second Premolars Were Splinted As The Main Abutments And An Implant Was Placed At The Site Of The Second Molar As The Distal One. Three Different Prosthetic Designs Were Constructed As Follows: -Group I: (cross Arch Stabilization Partial Overdenture). _ Group II: (side Plate Partial Overdenture). _ Group III: (fixed Partial Denture ( Load Application A Unilateral Ascending Load (25, 50, 75,100 N) Was Frequently Applied To The Selected Points Of The Abutments Over An Epoxy Resin Bite Block With The Loading Tip Of The Device In Axial And Non-axial Directions. Strain Gauges Were Cemented At The Following Areas (buccal And Lingual) To The Abutments And The Implant. (1) The Strain Meter Measure The Strain Every 25 N And Record It In Computer. (2) Five Minutes Were Left Between Each Loading As Period Of Rest To Allow For Heat Dissipation. (3) Every Load Was Applied 5 Times For Each Design And For Each Load Increment.

Results: The Total Stresses Recorded On Both The Implant And The Abutment Teeth In The Three Groups Showed That The Fixed Design Produced The Least Stresses Followed By Cross Arch Design And Maximum Stresses Were Rec Orded In Side Plate Design. The Maximum Micro Strain Range Recorded Under Axial Loading Was 283.662 Micro Strain Units, While Under Oblique Loading It Was 591.07 Micro Strain Units. No Failure Occurred In Any Part Of The Model. All Maximum Stresses Were Just A Fraction Of The Functional Loading Within The Biological Range (1). Conclusion And Clinical Significance: Within The Limitation Of The Current Study It May Be Conducted That The Use Of The Fixed Tooth- Implant Supported Partial Dentures Produced The Least Strain Among The Tested Designs, So It May Be Recommended In These Cases.

Nancy Sayed Abdel Aziz , Hesham Elansary And Lamia Kherialla,

ABSTRACT


Purpose: The Purpose Of This In Vitro Study Was To Evaluate The Marginal Accuracy And Internal Fit Of Zirconia Monolithic Crowns And Compare It To PEEK Monolithic Crowns, Milled By CAD/CAM. Methods: One Master Stainless Steel Die Resembling A Lower Second Molar Was Fabricated And Duplicated Using One-step Dual Viscosity Impression Technique. Twenty-two Auto Polymerizing Epoxy Replica Dies Were Digitized Using Extra-oral Optical Scanner, And Crowns Were Milled From PEEK And Zirconia Blanks. Internal Gap And Marginal Accuracy Measurements Were Recorded Using Silicone Replica Technique And Digital Microscope Respectively.

Results: For Internal Fit Results, It Was Found That Zirconia Group Recorded Statistically Non-significant Higher Internal Gap Mean Value Than PEEK Group As Indicated By Two-way ANOVA Test (P=0.> 0.05). For Marginal Accuracy Results, It Was Found That PEEK Group Recorded Statistically Significant Higher Marginal Gap Mean Value Than Zirconia Group As Indicated By Unpaired T-test (P=0.0206< 0.05). Conclusion: Both Materials Showed Marginal Accuracy And Internal Gap Values Within The Clinically Acceptable Values. However, PEEK Crowns Showed Superior Internal Fit And Inferior Marginal Accuracy To Zirconia Crowns.

Ahmed Mohamed Samy, Moustafa Ezz, Mohamed El Serougy And Ramy El Beialy .,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Stability And Measuring Marginal Bone Loss In Early Loading Of Single Dental Implants In The Mandibular Posterior Area. Patients And Methods: The Study Sample Consisted Of 20 Patients Who Were Enrolled From Outpatients Clinic At The Department Of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty Of Oral And Dental Medicine, Cairo University

Results: This Study Was Conducted To Evaluate The Stability And Measure The Marginal Bone Loss In Early Loading Of Single Dental Implants In The Mandibular Posterior Area. A Total Of 20 Patients With Age Range 21-51 Years, 8 Males And 12 Females Participated In The Study. Conclusion: 1-The Implant Stability Increases After Early Loading Which Increases The Rate Of Success. 2-The Rate Of Marginal Bone Loss After Early Loading Is Adequate For The Success Of The Dental Implant.

Nadhel A. Mohamed , Heba Salah El-Dein Hamza And Mai Mamdouh El-Sayed,

ABSTRACT


Aim: To Assess The Antimicrobial Effect Of Aqueous Extract Of Cinnamon 20% And Ginger 20% In Comparison Chlorhexidine 0.2% On Oral Streptococcus Mutans.

Materials and Methods: Twenty One Participants Selected For The Study, Were Divided Into Three Groups (N=7), Where Group (R1); Cinnamon 20%, Group (R2), Ginger 20% And Group (R3), Chlorhexidine Gluconate 0.2 % Mouth Rinse. Each Volunteer Was Given A Piece Of Arabic Gum And Asked To Chew It For One Minute Only, Then Stimulated Saliva Was Collected In Sterilized Screw Capped Bottles. After One Minute, Each Volunteer Was Asked To Rinse With Ten Ml Of The Tested Agent For One Minute Then Expectorate. Stimulated Saliva Was Recollected In The Following Points: After 30 Minute, 1 Hour And 2 Hours. Salivary Samples Were Homogenized By Vortex. 0.1 Ml Of Saliva Transferred To 0.9 Ml Of Sterile Phosphate Buffer Saline (pH 7.0), And Then Ten-fold Dilution Was Performed. From Dilution 10-3 Of Salivary Samples 0.1 Was Taken And Spread In Duplicate On The Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin Agar Media. The Plates Were Incubated Anaerobically For 48 Hours At 37�C Then Aerobically For 24 Hours At Room Temperature. The Number Of Colonies Was Expressed As Colony�forming Units Multiplied By The Dilution Factor Per Milliliter Of Saliva (CFU/ml) And Compared Before And After Rinsing.

Results: Chlorhexidine Demonstrated The Highest Efficacy Than The Other The Two Herbal Plants In Bacterial Reductions But This Was Only Statistically Significant When Comparing The Effect Of Chlorhexidine 0.2% To Ginger 20% Cinnamon 20% Performed Better Than Ginger 20% But The Mean Difference Was Not Statistically Significant. Conclusion: Although The Herbal Extracts Were Less Potent Than Chlorhexidine, Still They Were Relatively Effective In Inhibiting The Growth Of Oral Bacteria. Cinnamon 20% Has More Antibacterial Activity On The Growth Of Streptococcus Mutans Than Ginger 20%.

Ahmed Gamal Khater Ali, Mohamed Galal Gamal Eldin Beheiri, Mostafa Ibrahim Shindy And Samer Abduljabar Noman,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Purpose Of This Study Is To Evaluate The Clinical And Radiographic Outcomes Of Socket Shield Technique Compared With Conventional Immediate Implant Placement. Patients And Methods: Patients With Remaining Roots In The Esthetic Zone With Intact Periodontal Condition Indicated For Extraction Were Randomly Allocated To One Of Two Study Arms With 1:1 Allocation Ratio By Using Computerized Sequence Generation: The �intervention� Group Whom We Placed Implant With Socket Shield Technique Or The Control Group Whom We Placed Implant By Conventional Immediate Implant Technique

Results: The Maximum Period Of Treatment Will Be Fixed At Nine Months. The Patient Will Be Examined Preoperative And Immediate Postoperative Then Nine Months During The Study Period. Conclusion: From Our Point Of View Socket Shield Technique (SST) Was Considered As One Of Successful Techniques In Preservation Of Alveolar Bone Integrity Specially In Terms Of Minimal Or No Alveolar Bone Loss Which Is Recommended Specially In The Esthetic Zone

Mohamed Seleem Elabd, Magdy Mohamed Ali, Mohamed Medhat Katia, Sherif Farouk Elgayar And Elham A. Hassan,

ABSTRACT
Objective: To Evaluates Histologically Apical Closure Of Autogenously Transplanted Immature Permanent Dog Teeth Treated With 3 Different Revascularization Protocols. Study Design: Sixty Single-rooted Maxillary Incisor Teeth From Ten Healthy Mongrel Dogs Aged 5 Months Were Randomly Divided Into 3 Experimental Groups Of 20 Teeth Each. Group I: Autotransplantation Without Regenerative Endodontic Procedures. Group II: Autotransplantation With Regenerative Endodontic Group III: Autotransplantation After Removing Pulp Tissue From The Apical Side With Regenerative Endodontic. The Animals Were Sacrificed, Histologic Sections Were Prepared And Three Groups Were Evaluated For Apical Closure.

Results: 37.9% Of Teeth Showed Histological Apical Closure, With Significant Differences Between The Three Groups (p=0.008). Group I Showed The Maximal Percentage (66.7 %) Group II The Minimum (20%). When The Experimental Groups Were Compared, There Were Significant Differences Between Groups I And II (p = 0.004), And Groups I And III (p =0.024). While With Group II And III; No Statistical Significant Difference Was Found (p=0.465). Conclusion: These Results Suggest That Autotransplantation Procedures Better Done Without Removal Of The Original Pulp Tissue Or Further Regenerative Endodontic Procedures.

Mirhan Mohamed Khader, Hala Kamal Abdel Gaber And Ahmed Elsayed Hamed Amr,

ABSTRACT


Aim: The Assessment Of Relationship Between Peri-implant Sulcular Fluid (PISF) Cytokines Level (IL-1? &TNF-?) And The Condition Of Peri-implant Tissue In Obese Patients (primary Objective). The Clinical And Radiographic Evaluation Of The Impact Of Obesity On Peri-implant Tissues (secondary Objective).. Subjects And Methods: Twenty Patients Were Included In The Study For Placement Of A Delayed Implant In Lower Molar Area. They Were Divided Into Two Groups, Ten Obese Patients And Ten Normal Weight Patients. TNF-? And IL-1? Were Measured Using ELISA Kits, While Bone Level Measurement Using Cone Beam CT And Clinical Parameters Were Also Assessed.

Results: Regarding Clinical Findings (bleeding Index, Plaque Index, Probing Depth) In Both Groups, In Case Of Intragroup Comparison Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test Was Used And It Revealed No Significance Difference And, In Case Of Intergroup Comparison A Mann Whitney U Test Was Used And It Also Revealed No Significant Difference. Regarding Peri-implant Crestal Bone Changes, The Percent Of Change Throughout The Study In The Obese Group Recorded A Median Of 0.4, While Non-obese Group Recorded A Median Of -0.52. Mann Whitney U Test Revealed That The Difference Between The 2 Groups Was Not Statistically Significant. Regarding Tumor Necrosis Factor, In The First And Second Assessment Independent T Test Revealed That The Difference Between Obese And Non-obese Was Not Statistically Significant. The Percent Change Of TNF-? Values Throughout The Study In The Obese Group Recorded A Median Of -22.61%, While Non-obese Group Recorded A Median Of -32.43%. Mann Whitney U Test Revealed That The Difference Between The 2 Groups Was Not Statistically Significant. Regarding Interleukin 1-?, In The First And Second Assessment Independent T Test Revealed That The Difference Between Obese And Non-obese Was Not Statistically Significant. Conclusion Within The Limitations Of Our Study We Can Conclude That: 1. Obesity Can Exert No Effect On Peri-implant Tissue Status In The Absence Of Dental Plaque. 2. Obesity Can Lead To Slight Elevation In Inflammatory Markers (TNF-? And IL-1?) In Peri-implant Sulcular Fluid Which May Be To A Subclinical Level That Have No Effect On Clinical Parameters Of Gingival Inflammation As Long As Plaque Control Is Applied.

Fawzy M, Deraz S, Farag A And Alhadainy H,

ABSTRACT
Aim. The Aim Of Present Study Was To Investigate Pulp-dentin Complex Reactions Following Direct Pulp Capping (DPC) With Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) And Simvastatin. Materials And Methods. Thirty-two Goat Incisors Were Randomly Allocated Into Four Groups. Group ? Was Directly Capped With MTA, The Dental Pulp In Group ?? Was Directly Capped With SDF, While The Group III Capped With Simvastatin And Group IV Was Control Group Of Unprepared Teeth. All Teeth Were Restored With Glass Ionomer Filling. After 3 Months, Goats Were Sacrificed And Teeth Were Extracted Then Processed For Histological Examination And Categorized In Terms Of Hard Tissue Formation And Pulp Inflammation. Results. Teeth In Group I And III Had Statistically Favorable Outcomes In Hard Tissue Formation And Pulp Inflammation (P?0.001). Teeth In Group II Showed Significantly Lower Rates Of Hard Tissue Formation And Higher Rates Of Pulp Inflammation And Necrosis Compared To Other Groups Conclusion. For Capping Pulp Exposure, Healing With Hard Tissue Formation And No Inflammation Occurs Following MTA And Simvastatin Treatment In A Higher Rate Than SDF.

Ahmed A. Elsayyad, Nadia Abbas And Nouran AbdelNabi,

ABSTRACT
This Review Was Conducted To Evaluate 2 Prosthetic Designs: �All On Three� And �All On Four� For The Restoration Of Edentulous Mandibles. �All On Three� Simplifies The Treatment Plan, Reduces Surgical Procedures And Cost When Compared To The �All On Four�. Further Clinical Trials Are Required To Investigate Whether The �All On Three� Is Comparable To The �All On Four�.

Hossam Atef Abd El-Samad And Cherif A. Mohsen,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: This Study Was Carried Out To Evaluate The Dimensional Accuracy Of Conventional Bite Registration Material And CAD/CAM Bite Registration Material In Patients With A Single Missing Tooth. Methods: Twenty Patients With One Missing Tooth (who Needed A Fixed Partial Denture) Were Selected And Included In The Present Study. A Full Veneered Preparation Was Done. The Patient Bit On Bite Registration Material In Centric And Eccentric Movement. A Wire �3 Cm In Length �was Bonded With Composite On Opposing Tooth To The Preparation. The Length Of Wire Impression On Bite Registration Material Was Measured And After 24 Hours To Evaluate The Possible Effect With Time Factor.

Results: The Effect Of Duration On The Dimensional Accuracy Of Bite Registration Materials At Vertical Centric And Eccentric Occlusion Was Statistical Significant Between Immediate And Later Who Recorded Higher Values With Both Types Of Bite Registration Materials Tested. Also A Statistical Significant Differences Between The Two Types Of Occlusion Irrespective To The Duration, Type Of Restorations And Types Bite Registration Materials, As Eccentric Occlusion Recorded Higher Values.

Conclusions: Futar D And Futar Scan Bite Registration Materials Provided Accurate Records With No Differences Between Them. Dimensional Accuracy Was Influenced By Time Factor Of The Recording Materials.

Noran Mohammad Mostafa Elsharkawi, Hisham Katamish And Tarek Salah Morsi,

ABSTRACT


Purpose: To Evaluate The Micro-tensile Bond Strength Of The New Activa Bioactive Cement With E-max And Cerasmart In Comparison To The Conventional Resin Cement Before And After Thermocycling. Methodology: Two Plates Were Cut From Each Ceramic Block Material (3 Mm Thickness) Using Isomet Saw: (LDS E.max), And (hybrid Cerasmart). Surface Treatment Of The Ceramic Specimens Was Done According To The Manufacturer�s Instructions. Application Of Resin And Bioactive Cements To Each Ceramic Block Was Done And Then Cured. Bonded Specimens Were Sectioned Into Micro-bars To Obtain 80 Samples, 40 Samples For Each Ceramic Block (group I & Group II). Each Group Was Subdivided Into Two Subgroups According To Cement Type (subgroup1 & Subgroup 2). Each Subgroup Was Further Subdivided Into Two Divisions 10 Samples Each For The Thermocycling (division A & Division B). Thermocycling Was Done In Water For 5000 Cycles Between 5 And 55 �C. All Samples Were Subjected To Micro-Tensile Bond Strength (�TBS) Test Using Universal Testing Machine. Data Were Analyzed Using Three-way ANOVA To Study The Effect Of Ceramic, Cement, Thermocycling And Their Interaction On Mean Micro �TBS (P ? 0.05).

Results: Regarding The Effect Of Ceramic Type, Either With Activa Or Resin Cements, Before Or After Thermocycling; Cerasmart Had Statistically Significantly Higher Values Of Mean ?TBS Than E.max. Regarding The Effect Of Cement Type; After Thermocycling, Either With Cerasmart Or E.max; There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between The ?TBS Values Of The Two Cements. Regarding The Effect Of Thermocycling, Results Showed That Thermocycling Significantly Decreased The Mean ?TBS Of Both Ceramic Materials When Using Either Activa Or RelyX Ultimate Resin Cements.

Conclusions: Within The Limitations Of This Study, It Was Concluded That For Both Tested Cements, Thermocycling Affected Negatively The Micro-tensile Bond Strength (?TBS).

Osama S. Gad El-Hak And Nagwa M. Khattab,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Current Study Evaluates The Reciprocal WaveOne Gold Single-file System Regarding Clinical And Radiographic Success Rates In Pulpectomy Of Primary Molars. Methods. This Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial Was Carried Out On 70 Primary Molars On 60 Children In The Age Group From 4 To 7 Years. The Teeth Selected For This Study Were Randomly Assigned Into 2 Groups According To The Used Endodontic Preparation System. Group I: 35 Primary Molars Were Instrumented With WaveOne Gold Reciprocating Single-file System. Group II: 35 Primary Molars Were Instrumented With Stainless Steel K-files. All Teeth Were Evaluated Clinically And Radigraphically For 12 Months With Periodic Recall At 3, 6, 12 Months. Results. WaveOne Gold Single-file System Exhibited Higher Overall Success Rate Over Manual Instrumentation, However, The Difference Between Groups Was Not Statistically Significant (P >0.05). Conclusion. Single-file Systems Are Promising Instruments That Have The Power To Be An Alternative For Manual Instrumentation In Primary Molar Pulpectomies.

Yasmine El Makawi And Nagwa Khattab,

ABSTRACT


Purpose: The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Effect Of Lithium Disilicate Endocrowns Compared To Prefabricated Zirconia Crown Used For Restoring Pulpotomized Primary Molars, On Their Fracture Resistance And To Compare The Loads To Failure These Different Ceramic Restorations With Previously Reported Posterior Occlusal Forces.

Materials and Methods: Twenty Mandibular Left Second Primary Molars Were Randomly Distributed Into Two Groups (n = 10 In Each Group) The Zirconia Crown (Nusmile Zr.) Group (G1) And The Lithium Disilicate (IPS E.max Press) Endocrown Group (G2). In All Groups Pulpotomy Procedure Was Done Before Preparation Then Each Sample Were Prepared Based On Their Allocated Restoration, Both Zirconia Crown (Nusmile Zr.) And Endocrown (IPS E.max Press) Were Cemented By Dual-cure Resin Cement. All Samples Were Loaded To Failure By Means Of A Universal Testing Machine (Instron, USA), And Compressive Force Was Applied. The Data Were Analyzed Using One-way (ANOVA) And Tukey�s Post Hoc Significance Difference Tests. Differences Were Considered Significant At (p< 0.05).

Results: Group Zirconia Crown (G1) Showed Significantly Higher Fracture Strength Than Group (G2) Lithium Disilicate Endocrown (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The Zirconia Crown Showed Higher Fracture Resistance Than Lithium Disilicate Endocrown. However, Both Tested Zirconia Crown And Lithium Disilicate Endocrown Withstood The Application Of Axial Occlusal Forces Greater Than The Reference Values For Posterior Occlusal Loads.

Aya Mohamed Adly , Shereen Hafez Ibrahim And Amira Farid El-Zoghby,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To Compare The Reliability Of A Light Induced Fluorescence Intraoral Camera Versus Those Of The Visual-tactile Assessment Method According To FDI Criteria In Clinical Evaluation Of The Margins Of Resin Composite Restorations.

Materials and Methods: A Total Of 29 Volunteer Patients Having At Least One Or Two (anterior/posterior) Resin Composite Restorations Were Assigned In The Study With Total 40 Restorations Where Each Restoration�s Margins Was Examined By Three Calibrated Examiners With Different Levels Of Experience Using Two Diagnostic Methods, Visual-tactile Assessment Method (FDI Criteria) (D1) And Light Induced Fluorescence Intraoral Camera (D2). The Assessed Restorations Were Categorized According To Its Location As Anterior Or Posterior Restorations And Each Of Which Were Categorized As Recently Placed (less Than 1 Month) Or Old (more Than 1 Year). Each Diagnostic Method Was Repeated Three Times, Immediate, After 20 Minutes And After One Week Interval To Calculate Intra-examiner Repeatability And Inter-examiner Reproducibility Using Fleiss� Kappa Statistics.

Results: Regarding Intra-examiner Repeatability, Fleiss� Kappa Results Between Different Readings Of Each Examiner In Visual-tactile Method Using FDI Criteria Ranged Between (0.8968 � 0.9886), While For Light Induced Fluorescence Intraoral Camera, It Ranged Between (0.9344 � 1.000). Regarding Inter-examiner Reproducibility, Fleiss� Kappa Results Between The Three Examiners In Visual-tactile Method Using FDI Criteria Ranged Between (0.8032 � 0.9253), While For Light Induced Fluorescence Camera, It Was (1.000). Conclusion: Both Light-induced Fluorescence Camera And Visual-tactile Assessment Method According To FDI Criteria Are Reliable Methods Having Comparable Perfect Agreement Regarding Intra-examiner Repeatability And Inter-examiner Reproducibility In Clinical Evaluation Of Margins Of Resin Composite Restorations.

Donia M. El-Shafey, Mona Fadel Mohamed, Maha El-Baz And Mohamed Adel Ezzat,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Aim Of This Clinical Study Was To Evaluate The Marginal Integrity Of Hydroxyapatite Nanofiber Reinforced Flowable Composite (NovaPro� Flow) Compared To A Conventional Resin-based Flowable Composite (Filtek� Z350 XT) During Management Of Initial Carious Lesion In Adult Population Over A One Year Period.

Materials and Methods: A Total Of 26 Volunteer Patients Who Fulfilled The Inclusion Criteria Were Selected To Participate In The Study, With Non-cavitated Initial Occlusal Carious Lesion Were Selected For This Randomized Split-mouth Clinical Trial. A Total Of 52 Sealants Were Placed, In Which Each Patient Had The Two Types Of Flowable Composite; NovaPro� Flow (R1) Was Placed In One Side While Filtek� Z350 XT (R2) Was Placed On The Contralateral Side. Each Sealant Was Independently Evaluated In Terms Of Marginal Integrity After One Week, And Twelve Months Using FDI Criteria With FDI Prob.

Results: After One Week, Both Sealants (R1) And (R2) Had A Score Of (1) (100%). Any Other Score (2, 3, 4, Or 5) Wasn`t Detected At The First Follow Up Interval (0%). After One Year, Score (1) Decreased To (73.1%) In (R1) While (R2) Decreased To (57.7%), Both Sealants Showed Equal Percentage Of Score (2) (19.2%) While Score (3) Was Higher In (R2) (11.5%) Than (R1) (7.7%), And Score (5) Was Only Detected In (R2) (11.5%), But There Was No Significant Difference In The FDI Grading In Both Sealants During Both Follow-up Intervals (P>0.05). Conclusion: Although The Clinical Performance Of Hydroxyapatite Nanofiber Reinforced Flowable Resin Composite Was Better For Marginal Integrity Compared To The Conventional Nanofill Flowable Resin Composite After One Year Of Follow Up, This Difference Was Not Statistically Significant.

Omar Aboel Abbas; Norhan El Dokky And Hany Saber,

ABSTRACT


Aim: To Evaluate Intraoperative Pain Experienced During Pulpal Treatment Of Mandibular Primary Second Molars After Buccal Infiltration With Articaine 4% In Comparison With Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Using The Same Anesthetic Solution. Subjects And Methods: The Study Consisted Of 22 Patients In The Age Group Of 6-7 Years Old Suffering From Bilaterally Deep Carious Mandibular Primary Second Molars Who Attended The Diagnostic Center Of The Pediatric Dentistry And Dental Public Health Department Faculty Of Dentistry, Cairo University. Medical, Clinical And Radiographic Assessment Were Performed To Confirm The Restorability Of The Mandibular Primary Second Molars. In This Split Mouth Randomized Control Trial Each Participant Was Asked To Pick An Opaque And Sealed Envelope From Two Separate Black And Opaque Boxes To Randomly Choose The Operated Technique And Side On The First Operating Vist. The Other Technique Will Be Implemented On The Other Side On The Upcoming Visit. Caries Removal And Pulpal Treatment Were Videotaped With Both Local Anesthetic Techniques. Videos Were Then Assessed By An Assessor Who Was Completely Blinded From The Technique Of Injection To Fill In A Printed (SEM) Pain Scale Sheet For Each Technique With Each Participant.

Results: 10 Male And 12 Female Subjects Representing 45.5% And 54.5% Respectively Were Included In The Study. 90%, 76% And 52% Of The Participants Were Comfortable With The Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Technique During Treating The Carious Teeth Regarding The Sound, Eye And Motor Parameters Respectively. While 67%, 48% And 38% Of The Participants Were Comfortable With The Buccal Infiltration Technique During Treating The Carious Teeth Regarding The Sound, Eye And Motor Parameters Respectively. Upon Comparing The Results Of Both Techniques It Was Evident That The Difference Between Both Techniques Were Statistically Insignificant. Conclusion: Buccal Infiltration Technique In 6-7 Years Old Participants Can Be Nearly Effective As The Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Technique For Anesthetizing Lower Second Primary Molars Undergoing Pulpotomies.

Dina M. El Gedawi, Mostafa E. Gheith And Abdelrahman Mh,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate Morphology, Surface Roughness And Mechanical Properties Of Glass Fiber Posts (GFPs) After Different Surface Treatment Protocols.

Materials and Methods: A Total Of Forty GFPs With Maximum Diameter Were Be Divided Into Four Groups (n=10): GC- No Surface Treatment (control), GSB- Sandblasted, GHF- Hydrofluoric Acid Etched, GE- Er:YAG Laser Irradiated. The GFPs Surface Morphology Was Evaluated Through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Surface Roughness Was Measured Using Surface Profilometer And The 3-points Bending Flexural Test Measured Flexural Strength And Elastic Modulus.

Results: SEM Showed Alternation Of Post Surfaces After All Surface Treatments. Analysis Of Surface Roughness Demonstrated Significant Difference Between The Tested Groups At P?0.001. GSB (5.5�0.6) Showed The Highest Roughness Followed By GHF (3.9�0.3), GE (3.2�0.2), Then GC (2.1�0.4). The 3 Points Bending Test Results Were Calculated And Recorded Insignificant Difference Between The Tested Groups At P=0.481 For Maximum Flexure Load (N) As For The Flexure Stress At The Maximum Flexure Load (MPa) It Was Shown Significant Difference Between The Tested Groups At P=0.009. GSB (697.1�96.9N) Showed The Highest Flexure Stress (MPa) Compared To GE (548�112.7N) And GHF (572.9�102.6N). Modulus Of Elasticity (GPa) Showed Significant Difference Between The Tested Groups At P=0.003. GSB (28.9�2.9 MPa) Showed The Highest Modulus Of Elasticity (GPa) Compared To GE (23�4.6 MPa) And GHF (23.6�4 MPa). GC Showed Insignificant Difference With All Tested Treatments. Conclusion: The Different Surface Treatments Used In This Study Showed Alternations Of GFPs Surfaces. They Had No Influence On The Mechanical Properties Of GFPs.

Ahmed Mohamed Ali, Siza Yacoub Zakhary And Suzan Abdul Wanis Amin,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To Systematically Review And Provide A Pooled Effect Estimate For The Clinical Effects Of Calcium Hydroxide Intracanal Medication In Non-vital Mature Teeth. Data Sources: Electronic-databases Searching, For Published And Grey Literature, And Manual Searching Were Conducted. Study Eligibility Criteria: Only Randomized Clinical Trials Were Included That Compared Calcium Hydroxide To Other Intracanal Medications In Non-vital Immature Teeth. Study Appraisal & Synthesis Methods: The Risk Of Bias Was Assessed Using The RoB 2.0 Cochrane Tool. The Main Outcomes Were Clinical Healing And Analgesic Intake. Risk Ratio Was Calculated For Dichotomous Data With Their 95% Confidence Intervals.

Results: Five Articles Reported In 4 Studies (N=285) Were Included In This Systematic Review. Calcium Hydroxide Was Compared To 6 Other Intracanal Medications. Calcium Hydroxide Had Similar Clinical Healing Effectiveness As Calcium Hydroxide Mixed With Iodoform And Povidine Iodine Paper Points (P-value >0.05) And Similar Effects On Analgesic Intake As Calcium Hydroxide Mixed With Chlorhexidine (P-value >0.05). Conclusion: Calcium Hydroxide Intracanal Medication Alone May Have Similar Clinical Effectiveness Compared To Calcium Hydroxide Mixed With Iodoform And Similar Effects On Analgesic Intake As Calcium Hydroxide Mixed With Chlorhexidine.

Neven Ahmed, Amira Farid Elzoghbi And Rasha Raafat Hassan,

ABSTRACT


Aim: This Study Was Conducted To Evaluate The Role Of Aloe Vera Toothpaste Compared To Fluoride Toothpaste In Changing High To Low Salivary Bacterial Count.

Materials and Methods: Participants Were Divided Into Two Main Groups, ,Group A1: With Fluoride Toothpaste (Signal Cavity Fighter) And Group A2: With Aloe Vera Herbal Toothpaste (AloeDent Triple Action). The Study Took Place Over A Period Of 30 Days .Saliva Collection (to Assess The Bacterial Count) Was Performed At Baseline, After15 Days, And After 30 Days. The Saliva Samples Were Cultured In Plates Contained Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin Agar Selective For�streptococcus Mutans For Determining Streptococcus Mutans�count And Kept At 37�C For 48 Hours In An Incubator. The Bacterial Colonies On The Plates Were Expressed As Number Of Colony Forming Units Per Milliliter (CFU/ml) Of Saliva.

Results: The Results Revealed That, In Aloe Vera Group, The Mean Bacterial Count Was The Highest At Baseline, Significantly Decreased After15 Days, Then Becomes Nearly Constant, With No Significant Difference Between The Mean Values After 15 Days And After 30 Days. In Fluoride Group, The Mean Bacterial Count Was Highest At Baseline, And Then Significantly Decreased Gradually After15 Days And After 30 Days. Conclusion: Both Fluoride And Aloe Vera Are Efficient In Decreasing The Streptococcus Mutans Count In Saliva. Aloe Vera Can Be Used As An Alternative For Fluoride Toothpaste

Samar Seif El Nasr Mohamed, Enas Anter Abd El Ghafar And Nashwa Salah Mohamed,

ABSTRACT
Background: This Study Aimed To Evaluate The Frequency Of Root Fenestration And Dehiscence In A Sample Of Adult Egyptian Population Using CBCT.

Materials and Methods: 100 CBCT Scans Showing Both Maxillary And Mandibular Dentation �with Total Number Of 2576 Teeth� Were Selected From The Database Of OMFR Department, Faculty Of Dentistry, Cairo University, Based On Certain Eligibility Criteria. Identification Of Fenestration And Dehiscence On CBCT Scans Was Done Using The Identification Criteria First Mentioned By Davies Et Al 1974.

Results: Fenestration Was Found In 17 % Of The Population With A Total Of 26 Affected Teeth (representing 1% Of The Involved Teeth) While Dehiscence Was Found In 50% Of The Population With A Total Of 194 Affected Teeth (representing 7.5% Of The Involved Teeth). Upper 2nd Molars Showed The Highest Prevalence Of Fenestration While Lower Central Incisors Showed The Highest Prevalence Of Dehiscence. Gender Was Found Not Significantly Affecting The Incidence Of Both Defects, While Age Was Significantly Affecting The Incidence Of Dehiscence, Where Older Subjects Were Found To Be 11.5 Times More Prone To Develop Dehiscence Than Younger Subjects.

Conclusions: The Relative Common Finding (50%) Of Dehiscence And To Lesser Extent (17%) Fenestrations Supports The Need For CBCT Examination Before Any Surgical &/or Implant Treatment Procedures Even In Areas Believed Previously To Be Safe Zones �lower Anterior Region� To Avoid Complications Related To The Initial Presence Of Fenestrations And Dehiscence.

Nada Ashraf Kamal , Farid Medhat Farid And Yara Rabia Helaly,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Study Aimed To Assess The Prevalence Of C-shaped Root Morphology In The Mandibular First And Second Molars Of Egyptian Sub Population Using CBCT.

Materials and Methods: 169 CBCT Scans Including 384 Mandibular First And Second Molars Were Examined Using Planmeca Romexis��Viewer Software. Scans Were Analyzed In The Three Planes Axial, Coronal And Sagittal By Two Oral Radiologists Detecting The Presence Of C-shaped Root Morphology. Qualitative Data Were Presented As Frequencies And Percentages. Inter- And Intra-observer Agreement Was Assessed Using Kappa Statistic For Qualitative Data.

Results: C-shaped Root Was Found In 36 Second Molars Comprising 17.1% Of Second Molars, And No C-root Was Found In First Molars. Conclusion: C-shaped Root Is Not Rare In The Mandibular Second Molars Of The Egyptians Needing The Clinicians To Learn How To Manage Such Cases.

Amani Ahmad Al Tuwirqi,

ABSTRACT
Background/Purpose : Prevention And Management Of Proximal Caries In Primary Teeth Remains A Challenge. This In Vitro Study Aimed To Evaluate The Enamel-protective Potential Of A New Adhesive Agent (G-Coat Plus�) When Used As A Smooth Surface Sealant. Materials And Methods : Twenty Extracted Bovine Permanent Incisors Were Chosen, Then Randomly Distributed Into Two Equal Groups According To The Sealant Material Used: Group I, G-Coat Plus�; And Group II, Clinpro�. The Baseline Surface Microhardness (B-SMH) Of Each Tooth Was Measured In The Area Of The Centralized Working Window With A Vickers Microhardness Testing Machine. The Mean Microhardness Values Were Calculated From The Measurements Taken From Three Indentations Created On Each Tooth. The Teeth Were Then Immersed In Demineralizing Solution For 96 H And Incubated At 37�C To Produce Artificial Carious Lesions. The Calcium (Ca) And Phosphorus (P) Concentrations Of The Demineralizing Solutions Were Analyzed Before And After Tooth Immersion.

Results: The Mean Microhardness Values For Groups I And II Were Statistically Significant At Baseline And After Demineralization (p = 0.007 And P < 0.001, Respectively). No Significant Difference In Mean Microhardness Was Observed Between The Groups At Baseline (p = 0.055) Indicating That Both Materials Had Comparable Results. However, The Difference In Mean Microhardness Between The Groups Was Statistically Significant After Demineralization (p = 0.001), Indicating Changes In The Mineralization Of The Tooth Samples. Statistical Analyses Demonstrated Significant Differences Among The Two Groups Regarding The Mean Ca And P Concentration Values (Ca:, P = 0.028; P, P < 0.001). Conclusion: G-Coat Plus Exhibited Higher Surface Microhardness Than Clinpro. Both Sealant Materials Released Ca And P Ions, Suggesting That Additional Preventive Measures Are Necessary When Using These Materials As Proximal Sealants.

Rasha Saad Zaghlool, Mona Ismail Riadand Mohamed Mostafa,

ABSTRACT


Purpose: The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Fluoride Release Of New Bioactive Composite Restorative Material (Activa) In Comparison To Two Fluoride Releasing Materials In Vitro At Different Time Intervals.

Materials and Methods: Thirty Specimens Were Prepared 10 Of Each Tested Material (n = 10/group), Activa Bioactive Composite (A1), FUJI II LC Capsules (A2) And Fuji IX Extra Capsules (A3). Specimens Were Prepared According To Manufacturers� Specifications For Each Group Using A Teflon Mold (10mm Diameter By 2mm Depth). Specimens Of Each Material Were Immersed Separately In Deionized Water. Fluoride Release Measurements (?g/cm /day) Were Made1 Day, 1 Week, 1 Month, 2 Months And3 Months. One-way And Repeated Measures Analysis Of Variance Tests Were Used.

Results: The Results Of The Tested Materials Were Collected, Statistically Analyzed Using The ANOVA Test To Determine The Amount Of Fluoride Release Between Different Tested Materials (p<0.001).The Results Indicate That Fuji IX Had The Highest Fluoride Release In Comparison To The Other Activa Bioactive Materials And Fuji II LC Conclusion: All Three Different Restorative Materials Released Fluoride In Deionized Water But Fuji IX Glass-ionomer Showed The Highest Fluoride Release Followed By Fuji II LC And Activa Bioactive Restorative Materials.

Abdelrahman G. Ahmed , Cherif A. Mohsen And Shams W. Amgad,

ABSTRACT
Objective The Purpose Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Effect Of Ceramic Type And Thickness On The Microhardness And Degree Of Polymerization Of Dual Cure Resin Cement.

Materials and Methods: - Ninety Resin Cement Disc Shaped Samples (5 Mm In Diameter And 0.5 Mm In Thickness) Were Fabricated, Samples Were Divided According To Type Of Ceramic Plate That Was Used Into Three Groups (each Group N = 30), Group I : Resin Cement Discs Cured Through Lithium Disilicate Plate. �IPS E.max Cad�, Group II : Resin Cement Discs Cured Through Hybrid Ceramic Plate �Vita Enamic� And Group III : Resin Cement Discs Cured Through Zirconia Reinforced Lithium Silicate Plate �Celtra Duo� . Each Group Was Subdivided Into 3 Sub Groups According To Ceramic Plate Thickness (each Subgroup N = 10), Sub Group I (0.5 Mm Thickness), Sub Group II (1 Mm Thickness) And Sub Group III (2 Mm Thickness) . Then Each Subgroup Was Divided Into Two Other Classes (5 Samples Each) According To Type Of Test (Microhardness, Degree Of Conversion (DC)) Test.samples Which Will Have Being Tested For Microhardness ,mounted In Wilson Micro-Hardness Tester Machine And Will Be Subjected To Static Load Of 50 G For 10 S By Means Of Indenter , A Calibrated Microscope (�50 Magnification) Will Be Used To Measure The Square Indentation. While For Degree Of Conversion Test, The Samples Were Examined By VERTEX 70v FTIR Spectrometer Equipment Operating At 16 Scans At 4cm-1 Resolution . By Using The Change In The Ratio Of The Aliphatic C=C To The Aromatic C=C Before And After Curing, DC Of Resin Was Calculated. The Data Was Collected, Tabulated And Statistically Analyzed. Result: It Was Found That The The Highest Microhardness Mean Value Was Recorded For Emax Groups (22.15�5.04) While The Lowest Microhardness Mean Value Was Recorded For Celtra Duo Groups Which Recorded (16.79�3.62). Besides, It Was Found That The Highest Microhardness Mean Value Was Recorded For Thickness 0.5 Mm Groups (23.62�2.94) While The Lowest Microhardness Mean Value Was Recorded For 2 Mm Groups Which Recorded (13.87�1.56). The Difference Between Groups Was Statistically Significant As Indicated By One Way ANOVA Test P Value < 0.05. For DC Test It Was Found That The Highest (DC) Mean Values Recorded For E-max (36.30�8.84) And The Lowest For Celtra Duo (21.44�8.61) And The Highest DC Mean Value Was Recorded For Thickness 0.5 Mm Groups (38.33�5.91) While The Lowest DC Mean Value Was Recorded For 2 Mm Groups Which Recorded (19.27�5.90).The Difference Between Groups Was Statistically Significant As Indicated By One Way ANOVA Test (P Value < 0.05) Conclusion: Ceramic Composition Affects Polymerization Of Dual?cured Resin Cement Due To Attenuation Of Light Reaching Cement. In This Study, Microhardness And Degree Of Polymerization Of Resin Cement Discs Cured Through Emax Plate Was Significantly Greater Than Vita Enamic Followed By Celtra Duo Plates. Ceramic Thickness Has A High Significant Effect On The Underlying Dual Cure Resin Cement MicroHardness Of The Dual Cure Resin Cement Are More Affected By The Thickness Of Ceramic Than By The Type Of Ceramic Used.

Mustafa Mahmoud Shalaby Ahmed, Wafaa Ahmed Omar And Marwa Mahmoud Ali Bedier,

ABSTRACT


Aim: This In Vitro Study Was Carried Out To Evaluate The Effect Of Lowering The Temperature Used With Continuous Wave Compaction (CWC) From 200�C To 150�C On The Push-out Bond Strength And Interfacial Adaptation Of TotalFill BC Sealer In Relation To AH Plus Sealer.

Materials and Methods: A Total Of Eighty-eight Extracted Human Single-rooted Teeth With Single Straight Root Canals Were Selected For This Study. The Samples Were Randomly Allocated Into Four Groups (n=22) According To The Type Of Sealer Used And The Temperature Of Warming Gutta-percha; (AH Plus/ 150�C), (AH Plus/200�C), (TotalFill BC/150�C) And (TotalFill BC/200�C) Groups. The Roots Were Sectioned Horizontally Into 2 Mm. Thick Slices, And The Bond Strengths Were Measured Using A Standardized Push-out Test. The Mode Of Failure Was Examined By Visual Inspection Under Stereomicroscope. Before The Push-out Test, Five Representative Samples From Each Group Were Randomly Selected To Qualitatively Assess The Interfacial Adaptation Using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM).

Results: The Mean Push-out Bond Strength Values Of The Two Sealers Recorded Significant Lower Values At 150�C Than At 200�C. The Predominant Mode Of Failure Among Groups Was Adhesive Failure, Except For TotalFill BC/200�C Group That Showed Mostly Mixed Failure. Regarding The Interfacial Adaptation, The Mean Gap Width Measurement At 150�C Was Wider Than That At 200�C For Both Sealers.

Conclusions: Using 150�C During CWC Technique Compared To 200�C Significantly Decrease The Bond Strength Values And The Interfacial Adaptation Of TotalFill BC Sealer As Well As AH Plus Sealer.

Osama Jaber Sabri Alshanti, Amr Saleh El-Etreby And Gihan El-Naggar,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Aim Of The Present Study Is To Evaluate The Effect Of Two Surface Treatments (acid Etching And Sandblasting) On The Shear Bond Strength Of Composite Resin Cement To Pressed And Repressed Lithium Di Silicate Ceramics. Patients And Methods: Fifty Two Lithium Disilicate Discs Were Constructed Of 10mm Diameter And 2mm Thickness And Were Divided Into 2 Groups. Group (P) Composed Of 26 Discs Constructed From Newly Introduced Lithium Disilicate Ingots While Group (R) Composed Of 26 Discs Constructed From Left Over Material That Was Shaped To Resemble An Ingot.

Results: The Discs Were Thermo-cycled In An Attempt To Simulate The Intra-oral Conditions And Its Detrimental Effect On Bond Strength For 5,000 Cycles Which Is Equivalent To 6 Months Of Intra-oral Service And Then The Shear Bond Strength Test Was Initiated. Then The Mode Of Failure Was Examined And All Data Were Collected, Tabulated And Statistically Analyzed To Detect Any Significant Values Among The Tested Groups. Conclusion: The Re-use Of E.max Press Left Over Buttons For Construction Of All Ceramic Restoration Could Be Considered For Socio-economic Reasons. The Type Of Surface Treatment Adopted Greatly Affects The Shear Bond Strength Of Pressed And Repressed Ceramics And Hence The Durability Of Resin Cement Bonded To Ceramics. Sandblasting Cannot Be Considered As A Reliable Surface Treatment When Bonding To Pressed And Repressed Glass Ceramic.

Taha Amer Taha, Ahmed Mohamed Fahmy And Doaa Amr Heshmat,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: This Study Was Aiming To Evaluate Primary Stability Of Implant In Closed Sinus Lifting Cases By Densah Bur In Comparison To Osteotome In Partially Edentulous Patients. The Evaluation Was Carried Out Through Ostell Device Day Of The Surgery, 2, 4, 8 Weeks Postoperative.

Materials and Methods: This Study Was Conducted On Ten Patients. The Patients Were Divided Into Two Equal Groups. Each Patient Was Received 1 Implant At The Edentulous Site Of Missing First Or Second Maxillary Molar. One Group Received Dental Implants Using Closed Sinus Lifting By Osteotome While The Other Group Received Dental Implants Using Closed Sinus Lifting By Densah Bur. After Implant Placement, Smart Peg Is Placed On Implant And Ostell Is Used To Record ISQ. Implant Stability Was Measured Intraoperative And At Week 2, 4, 6, And 8 For Both Groups. The Collected Results Were Tabulated And Statistically Analyzed.

Results: The Study Results Showed That There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between (Osteotome) And (Densah Bur) Groups In ISQ Reading Except At Week 4 Where The Highest Mean Value Was Found In (Densah Bur) Group, While The Least Mean Value Was Found In (Osteotome) Group. Conclusion: Within The Limitation Of This Study, Densah Bur Can Be Applied For Closed Sinus Lifting In A Simple, Safe And Predictable Way With Reduced Morbidity Without Need To Hand Tapping Force.

Mina W. Yassa, Amal Kaddah And Ahmed E. Fayyad,

ABSTRACT
This Study Was Conducted To Evaluate The Effect Of Cast Modifications On The Adaptation Of Maxillary Denture Base In Completely Edentulous Patients. Three Groups Of Maxillary Complete Dentures Were Fabricated. Each Group Contained 15 Dentures. The First Group Was The Control Group And Did Not Contain Any Modifications. The Second Group Was Modified By Scraping A Postdam Posterior To The Fovea Palatini. The Third Group Was Modified By Scraping A Postdam As Well As Creating A Vertical Box-shaped Depression With Pinhole. Sagittal And Coronal Cuts Were Made On All The Casts Using Specific Points. These Images Were Then Captured And Scanned Using Stereomicroscope (50X Magnification) And Then The Images Were Introduced To An Image Analysis Software For Accurate Gap Measurement. There Was A Statistical Significant Difference Between The Three Groups In Both Sagittal And Coronal Cuts In Favor Of The Modified Casts. The Dentures With Postdam Scraping And Vertical Box With Pinhole Showed Better Adaptation And Less Gap Distance When Compared To The Dentures With Postdam Scraping Only.

Safinaz H. Fahmy , Mai M. Akah And Mona Ismail Riad,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Study Aim Was To Evaluate The Retention Rate Of Hydroxyapatite Nanofiber Reinforced Flowable Composite Compared To Conventional Resin-based Flowable Composite During Management Of Initial Non Cavitated Pits And Fissures Carious Lesion In Adult Population Over A One-year Period. Methods: A Total Of 19 Volunteer Patients Ranging In Age From 18 To 28 Years, Diagnosed With At Least 2 Non-cavitated Pit-and-fissure Caries In The First And Second Molars Were Selected For This Randomized Split-mouth Design Trial. A Total Of 38 Sealants, Were Placed. The Teeth Were Sealed With NovaPro� Flow Hydroxyapatite Nanofiber Reinforced Flowable Composite In One Side, While Filtek� Z350 XT Flowable Conventional Resin-based Composite On The Contralateral. Each Restoration Was Independently Evaluated In Terms Of Retention Rate At 1, 6, And 12 Months. Data Were Analyzed Using Wilcoxon Signed-rank Test And Friedman�s Test At P < 0.05.

Results: NovaPro� Flow Hydroxyapatite Showed Complete Retention With 100% At 1, 6, Month Evaluation Periods, While Filtek� Z350 XT Retention Rates Were 100%, 78.9%, Respectively, For The Same Evaluation Periods. At The 12-month Recall, 2 (10.5%) Total Losses Were Observed In Subjects Treated With NovaPro� Flow And 2 Total Losses (15.8%) For Filtek� Z350 XT. No Statistical Significant Difference In The Retention Rate In Both Sealants During Different Follow-up Intervals (P>0.05)

Conclusions: The Retention Rate Of Both Hydroxyapatite Nanofibers Reinforced Flowable Resin Composite And The Conventional Nanofilled Flowable Resin Composite After One Year Of Follow Up Was Comparable. Clinical Relevance: The Clinical Survival Rate Of Both Tested Materials May Indicate Them As Effective Approaches For Preventing Carious Lesions In Permanent Teeth.

Aya Gamal Ashour Hassan , Rasha Raafat Hassan And Mohamed Riad Farid,

ABSTRACT


Aim: This Study Was Conducted To Evaluate The Reproducibility Of CAMBRA And Cariogram As Caries Risk Assessment Among Patient With Age Range Of (18-40) Years Old. Method: 47 Patients Where Included In The Study Which Were Evaluated First With The CAMBRA Chart, Then The Same Data Was Used For Cariogram. All Inputs Where Included Except For The Salivary Buffering Capacity. The Results Were Calculated According To Caries Risk Value (low / Moderate / High / Very High). All Assessment Was Conducted In The First Visit With No Follow Up. Reproducibility Between The Results Given By The Two Models Was Evaluated By Using Kappa Statistical Analysis. Results :The Agreement Between The Two Models Was �Fair� Of Value 0.325 (low), With P-value<0.01 Which Makes The Results Statistically Significant But Not Enough To Make The Result Clinically Significant. From This We Can Conclude That Both Caries Risk Assessment Can Give Almost The Same Result Concerning Risk Assessment Except In The Difference Between High And Very High-risk Patient.

Abdel Hameed M. , Metwally A., Dewdar R. And Rekaby A,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Present Study Was Conducted To Compare Between The Polyamide Thermoplastic Resin And Polymethyl Methacrylate Resin With Respect To The Patient Satisfaction As A Primary Outcome And Candidal Adherence As A Secondary Outcome. Subjects And Methods: In This Randomized Clinical Trial, Forty-eight Completely Edentulous Patients Were Randomly Classified Into Two Groups Of Twenty-four Patients Each. Group (I)�had�received A Complete Denture Made From A Polyamide Thermoplastic Material Complete Denture. Group (II) Had Received Complete Denture Made From Polymethyl Methacrylate.�Patient Satisfaction Was Evaluated Using A Questionnaire And Candidal Count Was Evaluated By Collection Of Swabs Cultured On Sabouraud�s Agar Gel Plates.

Results: There Was No Significant Difference In Mean Satisfaction Between Group�I�and Group�II�at Insertion Or 1 Month Periods (p�>0.05), However, There Was A Significant Difference In Mean Satisfaction Between Group�I�and Group�II�in 3 Months And 6 Months Periods (p�< 0.05). The Previously Mentioned Results Revealed That There Was No Significant Difference In Mean CFU Between Group�I�and Group�II�at Insertion Or 1 Month Or 3 Months Period (p�>0.05) Except In 6 Months Period Where There Was A Significant Difference In Mean CFU Between Group�I�and Group�II� (p�< 0.05).

Conclusions: Within The Limitation Of This Study We Can Conclude That, - There Was A Gradual Increase In Patient Satisfaction With Complete Denture Over Time In Both Groups. - Completely Edentulous Patients May Be More Satisfied With The Dentures Made Of Polymethyl Methacrylate More Than The Polyamide Thermoplastic Dentures. - The Polyamide Dentures May Have Less Candida Count Adherence On Their Surface Than Polymethyl Methacrylarelate.

Mohammed Atef Abd El Salam, Eman Sayed Elmasry And Randa Youssef Abd Al Gawad,

ABSTRACT
Background: The Mesio-distal Crown Diameter Of Teeth Is An Important Factor Which Affects The Alignment Of Teeth In The Bony Arches And The Development Of Occlusion During Transition Of The Dentition. Objective: Determine The Combined Mesio-distal Width Of The Permanent Mandibular Incisors And That Of The Maxillary And Mandibular Canines And Premolars In A Group Of Egyptian Children In Rural Areas Of Sohag Governorate. And To Find The Correct Relationship Of The Total Mesio-distal Widths Of Teeth Under Study. Methodology: This Study Was Held On 280 Patients With An Age Range From 12-16 Years Attending Schools In Rural Areas Of Sohag Governorate. Subjects Were Chosen To Be Free From Any Systemic Disease And Their Teeth Weren�t Carious Or Crowded. Impressions Were Made For Upper And Lower Arches. Each Impression Was Poured Immediately In Stone Plaster. Mesio-distal Widths Of Mandibular Incisors And Maxillary And Mandibular Canines And Premolars Were Measured From The Study Models Using Digital Caliper.

Results: The Teeth Size Of Males Was Slightly Larger Than That Of The Females. There Was No Statistical Significant Difference In The Mean Of Mesio-distal Tooth Width Between Right And Left Sides For Almost All Teeth Under Study. A Positive Correlation Existed Between The Sum Of The Mesio-distal Width Of Upper Right Canine And Premolars & The Sum Of The Mesio-distal Width Of The Lower Incisors Among Both Genders Combined. A Positive Correlation Between The Sum Of The Mesio-distal Width Of Upper Left Canine And Premolars & The Sum Of The Mesio-distal Width Of The Lower Incisors Among Both Genders Combined Was Evident. Conclusion: The Mesio-distal Width Of Upper And Lower Canines And Premolars Can Be Predicted By Measuring The Mesio-distal Width Of Lower Incisors Due To The Positive Correlation Found Between Them.

Yasmeen S. Mahmoud, Dalia A. Saba And Taheya A. Moussa,

ABSTRACT


Aim: Evaluation Of Push Out Bond Strength Of Resin Sealer To Dentin After Irrigation With NaOCl Followed Grape Seed Extract (GSE) Versus NaOCl Followed By EDTA. Methods And Material: A Total Of 12 Human Teeth Were Randomly Divided Into 2 Groups; (6 Teeth /group) According To The Irrigation Protocol; Intervention (5.25% NaOCl+ 13% GSE) And Comparator (5.25% NaOCl+ 17% EDTA) Groups. Mechanical Instrumentation Was Performed Coupled With Application Of The Corresponding Irrigant Protocol For Each Group. After Obturation And Thermocycling Of The Roots, Each Root Was Sectioned Horizontally Into 3 Thirds And Subdivided Into 3 Subgroups; Coronal, Middle And Apical (n=6). Each Specimen Was Aligned In The Universal Testing Machine And Push-out Test Was Performed. Statistical Analysis: Data Of Push Out Bond Strength Were Statistically Analysed Using Unpaired T Test (p<0.05).

Results: The Results Showed No Significant Difference In Bond Strength Values (MPa) Between The Intervention And Comparator Subgroups In Coronal (p=0.566), Middle (p=0.382) And Apical (p=0.177) Thirds. Within The Intervention Subgroups, The Bond Strength Values In The Apical Third (17.38�3.8 MPa) Was Significantly Higher (p=0.002) Than That In The Coronal (9.35�0.77 MPa) And The Middle Thirds (12.91�2.23 MPa).

Conclusions: Within The Limitations Of The Present Study, It Could Be Concluded That Irrigation With NaOCl Followed By GSE Has A Comparable Effect To NaOCl Followed By EDTA On Push-out Bond Strength Of Resin Sealer. GSE Represents A Better Natural Alternative Irrigant To EDTA Following NaOCl.

Ali Youssef Elgendy, Ehab Elsayed Hassanien, Abeer A. Elhakim Elgendy And Elham Ibrahim Elshaboury,

ABSTRACT


Aim: This Study Aims To Evaluate Tech Biosealer Endo In Comparison With MTA Fillapex And AH Plus Regarding Biocompatibility By Means Of Histochemical Analysis.

Materials and Methods: Tech Biosealer Endo, AH Plus, And MTA Fillapex Were Placed In Polyethylene Tubes And Implanted Into The Dorsum Of Twenty-four Albino Rats. Tissues Biopsies Were Prepared For Histochemical Analysis And Evaluated At One Week, One Month And Two Month Observation Periods After The Implantation Procedure.

Results: AH Plus Presented The Highest Mean Mast Cell Count In All Observation Periods. This Was Followed By Tech Biosealer Endo And MTA Fillapex. The Empty Implanted Polyethylene Tube Showed The Least Mean Mast Cell Count. Mast Cell Degranulation Was Most Noted At The One Week And One Month Observation Periods. Conclusion: It Can Be Concluded That Although The Subcutaneous Tissue Reactions Analyzed In The Present Study Do Not Fully Imitate Those In Root Canals And Periapical Tissues, They Are Valid In That They Comprise A Preliminary Stage In Evaluating The Biocompatibility Of The Tested Root Canal Sealers. All Implanted Sealers Induced Mast Cell Activation And Degranulation.

Khadega Ali Alkhateeb Mai Aboul Fotouh, Fatma Abdelsayed And Fady Fahim,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Purpose Of This Study Was To Compare The Parents� Satisfaction Toward The Post-surgical Outcomes In Newborns With Unilateral Cleft Lip And Palate Who Received Presurgical Vacuum Formed Nasoalveolar Molding Aligners (PVFAs) With Those Who Didn�t Undergo PVFAs Therapy, And To Evaluate The Effect Of PVFAs On Parent�s Satisfaction.

Materials and Methods: In This Prospective Controlled Clinical Trial, Twenty-three Non- Syndromic Infants With Unilateral Cleft Lip And Palate (UCLP) Were Included In A Period From April 2017 To April 2018. Sixteen Infants Received Presurgical Vacuum Formed Nasoalveolar Aligners (PVFAs) (Treatment Group), While Seven Infants Did Not (Control Group). At The End Of PVFAs Therapy, Only 14 Infants Succeeded To Complete The Period Of PVFAs Therapy. Questionnaires With Multiple Questions Were Used To Evaluate The Parents� Satisfaction Toward The Post-surgical Esthetics In The Groups And Post PVFAs Therapy In Treatment Group.

Results: The Parents� Satisfaction Was Higher Toward The Post-surgical Outcomes In Infants Who Received PVFAs Therapy Than Those Who Didn�t Receive Any Appliance. Also, Most Of Infants� Parents Exhibited Their High Satisfaction Toward The Outcomes Of PVFAs Therapy In Treatment Group. Conclusion: The Efficiency Of PVFAs Therapy Was High In Reducing The Nasoalveolar Deformities Associated With Newborns With UCLP And Improved The Nasal Symmetry.

Amani Ayman Mohamed, Farid Medhat Farid, Shereen Fathy Ahmed And Salma Belal Eiid,

ABSTRACT
Statement Of Problem: Maxillary Sinus May Have Some Anatomical Variations; One Of These Is The Gothical Arch In The Sinus Floor, The Maxillary Sinus Septum. It Was Noted That Septal Presence During Sinus Lift Procedures Might Cause Sinus Membrane Perforation Leading To Greater Consequences As Graft Migration With Concomitant Graft Failure And Sinus Infection. Moreover, Diagnostic Methods For Verification Of Sinus Disorders, As Endoscopy, May Be Hindered Due To Septal Presence. These Concerns Have Led To A Different Attitude Towards The Maxillary Sinus And Its Anatomical Variations. Aim Of The Study: To Assess The Anatomical Variations (prevalence, Location, Orientation, Origin, Morphology And Height) Of The Maxillary Sinus Septa In A Sample Of Egyptian Population Using 3D Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Materials And Method: This Cross-sectional Study Evaluated 111 Maxillary Sinuses Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Presence Of Septa, Location, Orientation, Origin, Morphology And Height Were Evaluated And Recorded. Inter And Intra Observer Agreement Were Done Using Kappa Statistics.

Results: The Prevalence Of Septa Was 33.3% In This Study. Analysis Of The Location Of The Septa Revealed That 39.5% Were In The Middle, 37.2% In The Anterior And 23.2% In The Posterior Areas. Among All Septa, The Majority Of The Maxillary Sinus Septa Traversed The Sinus In A Buccopalatal Direction (76.7%). The Mean Height Of Vertical Septa Was 7.21 Mm � 5.02 Mm, While The Horizontal Septa Presented At A Mean Level Of 13.09 �3.6 Mm From The Floor. Conclusion: Maxillary Sinus Septa Can Jeopardize The Oral And Maxillofacial And ENT Surgeons� Plans Astoundingly If Not Well Assessed. Fortunately, Pre-operative Planning Using CBCT Can Be Very Fruitful In Determining The Unique Septal Expression In Every Subject.

Ramy Magdy Abaza, Mostafa Mohamed Hosny And Hazem Mohamed Mandour,

ABSTRACT
Background: The Aim Of The Present Study Was To Determine Age And Gender Radio-graphically Based On Comparison Between CBCT And Panoramic Views Of Maxillary Sinuses. Methods: One Hundred And Twenty Patients Were Selected. Patient Divided Into Three Groups According To The Age Each Group Consist Of 40 Patients. Group 1: Young Adults (14-20 Years). Group 2: Adults (21-40 Years). Group 3: Elderly (>40 Years). CBCT And Panoramic Radiographs Were Taken For Every Patient To Evaluate Of The Volume, Vertical As Well As Horizontal Dimensions Of Maxillary Sinus.

Results: In (14-20 Years) Age Group, CBCT Was Higher Predictive Than Panorama In Height And Width. In Age Group (21-40 Years); CBCT Was Higher Predictive Than Panorama In Width And Height. While In Age Group (>40 Years); Both CBCT And Panorama Was Same Predictive Results In Both Width And Height. In (14-20 Years) Age Group CBCT Left Side MS Volume Was Higher Predictive Than Right Side. In (21-40 Years) Age Group Right Side Is Higher Predictive Than Left Side In MS Volume. In (>40 Years) Age Group CBCT Right Side Is Predictive As Left Side In MS Volume. Conclusion: CBCT Images Provide Reliable Volumetric Information For Gender And Age Determination.

Ahamed Mostafa Ahamed Elhashash, Mostafa Mohamed Hosny And Mohamed Mohamed Bayoumi,

ABSTRACT
Background: The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate Clinical Outcome Of The Use Of Concentrated Rich Plasma Growth Factors And Tri Calcium Phosphate With Immediate Implant At Sites Of Advanced Periodontal Destruction. Methods: Twenty Patients (8 Males And 12 Females; Age Range: 28 To 42 Years) With Advanced Periodontal Destruction Were Participated In This Study. After Tooth Extraction The Socket Was Cleaned And Irrigated With Normal Saline And Currated By Remove Any Granulation Tissue. The Implant Then Was Applied At The Socket With CGFs Membrane Around It. Beta Tri Calcium Phosphate Particles Was Applied Into The Small Gap Between The Implant And Bone And Buccally To Augment The Absorbed Crestal Bone Using A Plastic Or Titanium Applicator. The Bone Graft Particles Then Covered By The CGF Membrane. Modified Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Peri-implant Probing Depth (PD) And Osstell Were Assessed After, 3 And 6 Months Following Treatment To Monitor The Patient Oral Hygiene Status. Marginal Bone Loss And Bone Density Were Evaluated 3 And 6 Months.

Results: Mean Modified Plaque Index And Modified Gingival Index Was A Statistically Non-significant At 6 Months. Mean Probing Depth Was Statistically Significant At 6 Months. Mean Crestal Bone Loss At 6 Months Was 1.0 � 0.5 At Buccal Surface And 0.9� 0.4 At Lingual Surface. At 3 Months The Mean Bone Density Was 647.40 � 138.48 While At 6 Months It Was 788.50� 105.51. The Difference Was A Statistically Significant At 6 Months. Conclusion: Within The Limits Of The Present Study, The Use Of CGFs With The Immediate Placement Of Dental Implants In Periodontally Compromised Extraction Sites Reduces Marginal Bone Loss Around The Implant.

Ahmed Abdelmaqsoud Abdelmageed Saad, Hazem Mohamed Mandour And Mostafa Mohamed Hosny,

ABSTRACT
Background: The Aim Of The Present Study Was To Evaluate Clinically And Radiographically, The Alveolar Bone Status After Socket Preservation Using ?-tricalcium Phosphate With And Without IPRF Of Extracted Teeth Affected By Periodontitis Stage IV Grade C. .Methods: The Patients Were Randomly Assigned To Two Groups: Group I: (10 Patients) For Those Periodontal Surgical Procedures Of The Defects Were Filled With ? Tricalcium Phosphate Alone. Groups II: (10 Patients) Were Received Periodontal Surgical Procedures Where The Defect Was Filled With ? Tricalcium Phosphate Mixed With I-PRF. Cone Beam Computed Tomography Were Taken At Time Of Initial Examination And At 6 Months To Evaluate The Alveolar Bone Length, Width And Density.

Results: In The Present Study, Immediately, And 6 Months; There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between Lengths In The Two Groups. ?-TCP /I-PRF Group Showed A Statistically Significant Less Percentage Of Change Than ?-TCP Group. Immediately, And 6 Months; There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between Width In The Two Groups. ?-TCP /I-PRF Group Showed A Statistically Significant Less Percentage Of Change Than ?-TCP Group. Immediately, And 6 Months; There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between Mean Density In The Two Groups. ?-TCP /I-PRF Group Showed A Statistically Significant Increase Bone Densitythan ?-TCP Group. Conclusion: Extraction Sockets Treated With I-PRF Combined With Alloplast Showed Least Reduction In Alveolar Ridge Width And Height At The End Of The Study Period, As Well As Greatest Increase In Bone Density Than The Other Studied Groups. Immediate Socket Augmentation Might Provide Advantages In The Management Of Extraction Sockets In Periodontally Compromised Teeth.

Mohamed Ahmady Abdelrahman Ahmed, Ahmed Ahmed Hussein Elfeky And Ahmed Mohamed Hosney,

ABSTRACT
Background: The Present Study Was Performed To Evaluate Immediate Implant Placement With Socket-shield Technique By Bone Trephine Bur Versus Conventional Technique In Maxillary Aesthetic Zone. Methods: Patients Were Randomly Divided In To Two Groups:For Group A: Immediate Implant With Socket-shield Technique By Surgical Bur. For Group B: Immediate Implant Placement With Socket-shield Technique By Trephine Bur. After Surgery Each Patient Were Evaluated As Follows: Pain (VAS), Peri-implant Infections With Suppuration, Implant Stability, Marginal Bone Height And Bone Density Around The Implant At Interval 3, 6 Months.

Results: In The Present Study, Clean Cut: Trephine Group Showed A High Clean Cut (100.0%) Than Conventional (bur) Group (62.5%). Trephine Group No Chance To Harm Adjacent Teeth (0.0%) Than Conventional (bur) Group That Has (25.0 %) To Harm Adjacent Teeth. At 1, 2, 3 And 6 Months; There Was No Statistically Significant Difference In Mean Marginal Bone Loss And Mean Bone Density Measurements In The Two Groups. Conclusion: Socket Shield Represents A Promising Technique To Preserve The Extraction Site Associated With Implant Placement. By Using The Trephine, A Circular Clean Cut Is Obtained. Trephine Group Showed A Less Time Of Operation Than Conventional (bur) Group.

A.S. Rozeik, K. Fawzy El-Sayed, And S. El-Kholy,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Present Study�s Aim Was To Test The Proliferation And Adhesion Of Human Gingival Fibroblasts To Different Polymer Dental Implant-abutment Materials Including Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) And Hydroxyapatite Reinforced Polyetheretherketone (HA-PEEK) In Comparisons To Conventional Abutment Materials As Titanium (Ti).

Materials and Methods: 40 Specimens Per Group Were Prepared With The Dimension Of 10 Mm (length) � 10 Mm (width) � 1 Mm (height) Per Specimen. Wettability Properties Of The Materials Were Assessed By Water Contact Angle Measurement (after The Adjustment Of Their Surface Roughness). Human Gingival Fibroblasts (HGFs) Proliferation Was Assessed Using Proliferation Assay After 24 Hours And 72 Hours Cell Culture. While, Cell Adhesion Strength Was Evaluated After 24 Hours Of Cell Culture By Applying Lateral Shear Forces In The Form Of Two Shaking Intensities 320 And 560 Rpm.

Results: Regarding The Wettability Properties Using The Water Contact Angle System, Ti Showed The Lowest Contact Angle Followed By PEEK And HA-PEEK With No Statistical Significance Difference (P> 0.05). While, HA-PEEK Showed The Highest Ratio Of Cell Viability At 24 Hours Followed By PEEK And Ti With No Statistically Significant Difference Between The Tested Groups (P> 0.05). While, At 72 Hours Ti Showed The Highest Ratio Of Cell Viability Followed By HA-PEEK And PEEK With Statistically Significant Difference Between Ti And PEEK Groups (P> 0.05) Using MTT Proliferation Assay. Furthermore, PEEK Showed The Best Adhesion Strength After 320 Rpm Shaking Intensities Followed By HA-PEEK And Ti. While At 560 Rpm, HA-PEEK Showed The Best Adhesion Strength Followed By PEEK And Ti. Conclusion: Dental Implant Abutment Material And Its Wettability Affect HGFs Proliferation And Adhesion. Furthermore, Polymer Abutment Materials Showed Similar Interaction Properties With HGFs Regarding Proliferation And Adhesion In Comparison To The Conventional Titanium Abutment Material.

Rahma A Abuhashema, Mai M Akah, Noha S Abu-Taleb And Omayma M Safwat,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Purpose Of This Clinical Trial Was To Assess The Effect Of Glass Ionomer Restoration With And Without Application Of Nano Silver Fluoride (NSF) Solution On The Remaining Carious Dentin Remineralization And Tertiary Dentin Formation After Partial Caries Removal In Occlusal Carious Molars. Methods: This Was A Split Mouth Study That Included Twenty-two Patients Having Two Contralateral Deep Occlusal Carious Molars. A Total Of 44 Cavities Were Prepared With Partial Caries Excavation Technique. For Each Patient, The Cavity At One Side Was Treated With 0.2 Ml Of NSF Solution Prior To Glass Ionomer Restoration With Glass Hybrid System; This Comprised The Study Group. For The Other Side, Glass Hybrid Was Directly Applied Into The Cavity; This Comprised The Control Group. Standardized Digital Periapical Radiographs Were Performed At Baseline And After 6 Months. The Carious Dentin Density And The Remaining Dentin Thickness Were Assessed.

Results: 16 Out Of The 22 Included Patients Completed The Study. Statistically Significant Increase In Both The Dentin Density And The Remaining Dentin Thickness Were Found In Both Groups After 6 Months. The Percentage Change In The Density After 6 Months Was Significantly Higher For The Study Group. However, No Statistically Significant Difference Was Found Between Both Groups In The Thickness Of The Tertiary Dentin Formed. One Case Of Clinical Failure In Each Group Was Observed.

Conclusions: Partial Caries Removal For Deep Carious Lesions And Glass Hybrid Restoration With And Without Prior Application Of NSF Proved Remineralization Of The Remaining Carious Dentin, And Tertiary Dentin Formation. Carious Dentin Remineralization Was Better Using NSF Which Indicates Its Promising Role In Caries Arrest.

Nada Farid Shehab, Reham ElBasty And Hesham Katamish,

ABSTRACT
Statement Of Problem: Veneered Zirconia Restorations Exhibit Very High Modulus Of Elasticity And High Incidence Of Veneer Chipping. Therefore, The Continuous Search For High Strength Esthetic Restorations Is Never Ending.

Purpose: To Evaluate The Fracture Resistance And Mode Of Failure Of Of CAD/CAM Milled PEEK Core Veneered By Milled High Impact Polymer Composite Compared To CAD-On Zirconia Core Veneered By Lithium Disilicate.

Materials and Methods: Fourteen Freshly Extracted Molars Were Mounted In Epoxy Blocks And Uniformly Prepared With A 1.0 Mm Circular Deep Chamfer Finish Line. They Were Divided In To Two Groups According To The Type Of Material (n=7): Group A: Teeth Restored By ZirCAD Core Veneered By E.max-CAD And Group B: Teeth Restored By PEEK BioHPP Core Veneered By HIPC. All Crowns Were Adhesively Cemented. They Were Then Subjected To Thermo-mechanical Aging Using A Chewing Simulator Then Static Compressive Loading Till Failure Using A Universal Testing Machine And Failure Types Were Determined.

Results: PEEK Group Recorded Statistically Non-significant (p>0.05) Higher Fracture Resistance Mean Value (2851.1�241.02 N) Than Zirconia Group (2786�240 N) As Indicated By Unpaired T-test. The Mode Of Fracture In Zirconia Group Was Manifested As Veneer Chipping In Almost All Of The Specimens. All PEEK Specimens Showed Cohesive Failure In Both Core And Veneer Layers Upon Failure.

Conclusions: Within The Limitations Of This Study, It Can Be Concluded That PEEK Veneered By HIPC Can Be Considered A Potential Permanent Crown And Bridge Material With Comparable Results To Veneered Zirconia Restorations.

Michael Emad, Carl Hany And Hesham Katamish,

ABSTRACT
Statement Of Problem: Marginal Inaccuracy Causes A Space Between Restoration And Prepared Tooth, Which Accelerates Cement Dissolution, Leading To Secondary Caries, Pulpal Lesions, Postoperative Sensitivity, Periodontal Disease And Marginal Discoloration. Marginal Gap Should Be Less Than 120�m. Aim Of This Study Is To Evaluate Vertical Marginal Gap Of PEEK (Bio-HPP) Veneered With CAD/CAM Composite Veneer (HIPC) As Compared To Zirconia Veneered With CAD-On Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic. And The Effect Of Ageing On The Gap Of Both Restorations.

Materials and Methods: 40 Extracted Molars Were Prepared, Divided Into Two Groups, Control Group (ZR) (n=20), Teeth Restored With IPS E.max ZirCAD Copings Veneered With IPS E.max CAD And Intervention Group (PEEK) (n=20), Teeth Restored With BreCAM BioHPP Copings Veneered With BreCAM.HIPC. Each Specimen Was Photographed Using Leica S8 APO Stereomicroscope Under Magnification 32X And Image Analysis Was Done. Measurements Were Taken Twice Before And After Thermo-mechanical Cycling.

Results: PEEK Group Recorded Higher Gap Mean Values (49.88�7.97um) Than Zirconia (18.39�3.1um). This Was Significantly (p < 0.05) As Confirmed By Mann-Whitney Test, But All Measurements Were Clinically Acceptable. And Thermo-mechanical Cycling Had No Effect Of On Both Groups. Conclusion: PEEK Veneered With Composite Can Be Used Intra Orally For Single Crown Restorations.

Angel W. Habib , Moustafa N. Aboushelib And A.Nour A. Habib,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To Study The Effect Of Aging On The Surface Roughness And Surface Hardness Of Stained Different Dental Ceramics.

Materials & Methods: Six Different All Ceramic Substrates (n=10/material) Mark II, Empress CAD, E.max CAD, ZirCAD LT, ZirCAD MT Multi And Suprinity Were Used. The Ceramic Materials Were Stained With Either IPS Ivocolor (n=5/material) Or Vita Akzent Stain (n=5/material). Aging Was Done According To ISO 6872. The Surface Roughness (Ra) Was Evaluated Using Profilometer, While The Surface Microstructure Was Examined Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The Surface Hardness Was Measured Using Vicker�s Hardness Test. All These Tests Were Performed Before And After Aging. The Two-way ANOVA Tests And Bonferroni�s Post-hoc Test Were Used For Statistical Analysis.

Results: Aging Had Significantly Increased The Surface Roughness (?Ra) In All Specimens. The SEM Images Supported These Results As It Showed Scratches And Pitting Of The Surface. Aging Also Significantly Decreased The Surface Hardness, However ZirCAD LT When Stained With IPS Ivocolor And ZirCAD MT Multi And E.max When Stained With Vita Akzent Showed Significant Increase.

Conclusions: Aging Had Significantly Affected The Surface Roughness And Hardness Of The Stained Monolithic Ceramics.

Mostafa Magdy Awad Mostafa, Mona Shoeib And Hani El-Nahass,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Aim Of This Study Is To Clinically Evaluate The Stability Of Short Implants (5.5mm) Versus Standard Implant (10mm) Placed With Osteotome Sinus Floor Elevation In Patients With Edentulous Posterior Maxilla.

Materials and Methods: The Purpose Of This Study Is To Clinically Evaluate The Stability Of Short Implants (5.5mm) Versus Standard Implants (10mm) Placed With Osteotome Sinus Floor Elevation Technique In Medically Free Patients. This Study Included 16 Implants Placed In 16 Patients. With 8 Implants In Every Group.

Results: Pain And Swelling Were Measured 12 And 8 Days Respectively After Dental Implant Placement. Recession, Probing Depth, Bleeding And Plaque Indices Were Recorded 4 Months And 12 Months After The Day Of Implant Placement. Conclusion: After Analysis Of The Data Of This Present Study, We Can Conclude The Following: The Two Implant Placement Protocols Showed Comparable Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) And Implant Success. In Terms Of Crestal Bone Loss, No Statistically Significant Difference Was Found Between Both Groups Initially, 6 And 12 Month Followup. Except After 4 Months, A Significantly Higher Mean Crestal Bone Loss Was Recorded In Long Implants With Sinus Lift Higher Results Of Post-operative Pain And Swelling (12 And 8 Days Respectively) Were Evident In The Control Group (standard Implant With Osteotome Sinus Floor Elevation) Than The Intervention Group (short Implant 5.5mm). But Found To Be Statistically Insignificant PPD, And MPI Showed No Statistically Significant Difference Between Both Groups. MBI Showed A Significant Higher Values In Long Implants After 4 Months (p=0.006) Than Short Implants.

Laila Akmal, Mai Yousry, Essam Abd Elhafez And Mai Mamdouh,

ABSTRACT


Aim: The Aim Of The Study Was To Assess The Efficacy Of Caries Excavation Using The Papain-based Chemo-mechanical Method (Brix 3000) In The Reduction Of Streptococcus Mutans Count In Occlusal Carious Cavities

Materials and Methods: Twenty-three Patients Having Decayed Molars Were Selected Randomly And Divided Into Two Groups: Group A Before Being Treated By Brix 3000, Group B After Being Treated By Brix 3000. Two Dentin Samples Were Collected Before And After Caries Removal And Were Immediately Transferred To Sterile Disposable Test Tube Containing 1.5 Ml Thioglycollate Medium. Statistical Analysis Was Done Using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test For Paired (matched) Samples.

Results: The Results Revealed A Statistically Significant Difference In The Mean Values Between Dentin Samples At The Baseline 230.2 � 76.1and After The Application Of The Brix 104.1 � 43.0 In CFU/ml Where (p<0.001). Conclusion: Brix 3000 Is A Viable Option For The Minimally Invasive Removal Of Dental Carious Tissue, Obtaining Significant Reductions In Total Bacterial Count.

Hoda O. Fouda, Mohamed F. Haridy And Mohamed R. Farid,

ABSTRACT


Aim: To Evaluate The Efficacy Of Immediate Dentin Sealing Using Universal Adhesive In Comparison To Delayed Dentin Sealing In The Reduction Of The Hypersensitivity In Teeth Prepared For Indirect Tooth Composite Restorations Using Visual Analog Scale (VAS).

Materials and Methods: Fifty-four Patients Between 18 And 30 Years Of Age Were Recruited And Randomized To The Treatment Protocols. After Baseline Preoperative Data Collection, Diagnosis Of Caries Was Done Depending On The Basis Of Clinical Examination That Was Done Tentatively And Radiographic Examination Was Done As Well. After Cavity Preparation Was Done, For The Cavities To Be Managed With Immediate Dentine Sealing, The Single Bond Universal Adhesive Was Applied Over All The Dentinal Surfaces According To The Manufacturer�s Instructions. For The Cavities To Be Managed With Delayed Dentine Sealing, No Adhesive Was Applied On The Dentinal Surfaces And The Impression Was Taken Directly After Cavity Preparation Using Two-step Technique. Hyper-Sensitivity Was Evaluated Both Intra-operatively (at Baseline One Day After The Cavity Preparation: By Applying Air From The Triple Way Syringe Directly Over The Prepared Cavity And One Week During Temporization) And Post Operatively Using (VAS). After Try In And Cementation Of The Indirect Composite Restoration Post-cementation Evaluation Was Done. (VAS) Results Were Tabulated And Statistically Analyzed.

Results: Delayed Dentin Sealing Group (4.75) Had A Significantly Higher Median Value Of (VAS) Than Immediate Dentin Sealing Group (0.32) (P<0.001). There Was A Significant Difference Between The Scores At Different Follow-up Intervals (P<0.001). The Highest Median Value Of (VAS) Was Found At Baseline (3.37) Followed By That Found One Week During Temporization (2.91) While The Lowest Median Value Was Found One Week After Cementation (0.16). Pairwise Comparisons Showed Median Value Found One Week After Cementation (0.16) To Be Significantly Lower Than Those Found At Baseline (3.37) And One Week During Temporization (2.91) (P<0.001).

Conclusions: Inter-operative And Post-cementation Hypersensitivity Problem After Indirect Resin Composite Restorations Could Be Solved By Using The Immediate Dentin Sealing Protocol Using A Self-etch Adhesive.

Haneen A ELmoselhy, Mohamed F. Haridy And Olfat E. Hassanein,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To Assess The Reliability And Reproducibility Of Secondary Caries Diagnosis Using Light Induced Fluorescence Device �Soprolife� In Comparison To Conventional Visual-tactile Method According To Modified USPHS Restoration Assessment.

Materials and Methods: A Total Of 29 Volunteer Patients Were Assigned In This Study. Each Patient Had At Least One Defective Posterior Occlusal Resin Composite Restoration. The Restoration Was Evaluated By Two Diagnostic Methods (D), Where D1 Represents Visual-tactile Assessment Method (according To Modified USPHS1) And D2 Represents Light Induced Fluorescence Intraoral Camera(SoproLife Camera) Intra And Inter-rater Reliability Were Analyzed Using Cohen�s And Fleiss� Kappa Respectively. McNemar�s Test Was Used To Study Inter And Intro Group Comparisons

Results: McNemar�s Test Showed That For All Raters And In Different Follow-up Intervals There Was No Significant Difference In Caries Detection With Both Methods (P>0.005). Conclusion: The Conventional Visual-tactile Method As Well As The Light Fluorescence Device SOPROLIFE Were Found To Be Valuable Complementary Diagnostic Methods For Diagnosis Of Secondary Caries Around Existing Restorations.

Mohamed T. Heiba, Mohamed F. Haridy And Olfat E. Hassanein,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To Investigate The Incidence Of Caries In Pits And Fissures Sealed With A Bioactive Sealant Compared To A Fluoride Releasing Resin Based Pits And Fissures Sealant In Preventive Treatment Procedures In Adult Population Over A Six-month Period.

Materials and Methods: A Total Of 40 Volunteer Patients Who Fulfilled The Inclusion Criteria Were Selected For This Randomized Split-mouth Clinical Trial. In Each Patient, The Two Types Of Pit And Fissure Sealant Were Used. A Fluoride-releasing Pit & Fissure Sealant (Seal-Rite�, S1) Was Placed In One Side, While A Bioactive Pit & Fissure Sealant (Embrace� WetBond�, S2) On The Contralateral Side; Such That The Total Number Of Sealants Placed In All Patients Were (N=80). All Sealants Were Evaluated Using Soprolife� Intra-oral Camera By Two Investigators Who Were Blind To The Material And Not Involved With The Treatment Procedures Used For The Restorations. Data Was Statistically Analyzed Using Cohen�s Kappa And Chi-square Tests.

Results: Immediate And 3-month Readings Revealed 100% Absence Of Caries In Both Groups. At 6 Months, Caries Developed In 8.8% Of Patients In S1, In Comparison To No Cases (0%) In S2. Chi Square Test Revealed No Statistically Significant Difference In Carried Incidence Between Groups. Conclusion: Bioactive Pit And Fissure Sealant As Well As Fluoride Releasing Sealant Could Be Considered A Valuable Preventive Method To Control Caries In Permanent Molars Over Six-month Period.

Doaa Mohamed Sayed, Nadia A Abbas And Nora Cheta,

ABSTRACT
This Study Aimed To : Compare The Retention Of PEEK And BRE.FLEX (second Edition) Materials In Maxillary Class III Modification 1 Removable Partial Dentures Using Digital Gauge Force Device.

Materials and Methods: Thirty Four Patients Having Kennedy Class III Modification 1 Maxillary Partially Edentulous Ridges With Fully Dentate Mandibular Arch Were Divided Into Two Equal Groups To Fabricate The Thermoplastic Materials. The First Group Received PEEK Material. The Second Group Received Bre.Flex Material. The Retention Was Measured Using Digital Force Gauge Which Is An Advanced Type Of Force Meter Device : At The Time Of Denture Insertion, After Two Weeks And After Four Weeks Of Denture Insertion. The Collected Data Were Tabulated And Statistically Analyzed.

Results: Showed That The Difference Between The Two Groups Was Statistically Significant Was Reported Between Two Groups Regarding Retention. Conclusion : The Mean Retentive Force Required To Remove The Bre-flex Removable Partial Denture Was Found To Be Statistically Significant Lower Than This Required To Remove PEEK Removable Partial Denture .

Nada M. Reda, Ahmed M. Halawa, Nehad S. Taha And Dina M. Abdel-Khalek,

ABSTRACT
Osteoporosis Is A Medical Condition Characterized By Low Bone Density And Micro-architectural Deterioration Of Bone. Antiresorptive Drugs And Estrogens Are Considered The Common Traditional Therapy For Post-menopausal Osteoporosis.

Aim: The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Action Of Red Clover And Chickpea On The Alterations Of The Mandibular Alveolar Bone And Periodontal Ligaments Induced By Ovariectomy In Albino Rats. Methods: 35 Adult Female Albino Rats Were Divided Into 5 Groups Each Of 7 Rats: The Negative Control Group (group I) That Were Only Subjected To Sham Operation And Did Not Receive Any Intervention, The Positive Control Group (group II) That Were Subjected To Ovariectomy Without Any Treatment, The Alendronate Sodium (bisphosphonate) Experimental Group (group III) That Were Subjected To Ovariectomy And Received Fosamax Daily For 3 Months One Month Postoperative, The Chickpea Experimental Group (group IV) That Were Subjected To Ovariectomy And Received Chickpea Extract Daily For 3 Months One Month Postoperative. And The Red Clover Experimental Group (group V) That Were Subjected To Ovariectomy And Received Red Clover Extract Daily For 3 Months One Month Postoperative. After Rats Were Terminated, Mandibular Molar Regions Were Excised And Stained For H&E Stain And Anti-fibronectin (FN) Immunohistochemical Stain. Specimens Were Also Examined For Bone Mineral Density (BMD).

Results: Histological And Immunohistochemical Examination Showed Inflammatory Reaction In Alveolar Bone And Oblique Fibers That Decreased Over The Course Of Treatment With Phytoestrogens. Statistical Results Showed That There Was No Significant Difference Between Phytoestrogens And Alendronate Sodium Drug (bisphosphonate) And There Was A Significant Difference Between Group II And All Experimental Treated Groups As Well As Between Group I And Experimental Treated Groups. Conclusion: Alternative Hormone Replacement Therapy Using Phytoestrogens Was Associated With Variable Grades Of Statistically Significant Reduction Of Osteoporosis And Periodontitis.

Shymaa H. Elsharkawy, Maha Wagdy And Ahmed E. Fayyad,

ABSTRACT
This Study Was Conducted To Evaluate The Effect Of Fiber Meshwork Reinforcement On The Fracture Of Maxillary Complete Dentures. Two Groups Of Dentures Were Fabricated. Five Dentures In Each Group. The First Group Had Conventional Non-reinforced Maxillary Complete Dentures. The Second Group Had Fiber-meshwork Reinforced Maxillary Complete Dentures. All Samples Were Individually Mounted On A Computer Controlled Materials Universal Testing Machine, Where Load Was Applied Bilaterally Using T-shaped Load Applicator. Initial Crack Load, Fracture Load And Fracture Pattern Were Recorded For Each Tested Denture. There Was No Statistical Significant Difference In Both Initial Crack And Fracture Loads Of Both Groups, On The Other Hand The Fracture Pattern Of The Fiber-meshwork Reinforced Group Was More Favorable And Less Extensive Compared To The Fracture Pattern Of The Non-reinforced Group. In The Clinical Situation, Both Conventional And Fiber-meshwork Reinforced Maxillary Complete Dentures Are Expected To Be Strong Enough To Resist Fracture Under Maximum Biting Forces, With The Fiber-meshwork Reinforced Dentures Having A More Favorable And Less Extensive Fracture Pattern Compared To The Conventional Non-reinforced Dentures.

Mohammed Mostafa Rehab, Reem Ahmed Lutfy And Shaimaa Gawdat,

ABSTRACT
The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Time Consumed And Total Removal Of Smart Paste Bio System Compared To AH-plus Sealer And Gutta-percha In Obturated Single Rooted Teeth By Using Hedstrom Files With Gates-Glidden Burs Compared To D-race Retreatment System.

Materials and Methods: Fifty Two Single-rooted Teeth Were Used In This Study. The Teeth Were Decoronated, Prepared Using The Protaper Rotary System And Obturated Using The Modified Single Cone Technique. The Samples Were Then Divided Into Two Main Groups (n=26) According To The Sealer Used In Obturation: Group I: AH-plus Sealer. Group II: Smart Paste Bio Sealer. Each Group Was Further Subdivided Into Two Subgroups (n=13) According To The Method Used In Removal Of Obturation Material: Subgroup 1: H-files And Gates-Glidden Drills. Subgroup 2: D-race Retreatment System.

Results: The Results Revealed That There Is No Significant Difference Between Smart Paste Bio Sealer And AH-plus Sealer Regarding Residual Debris. Regarding The Method Of Root Canal Filling Removal, D-race Retreatment System Showed Significantly Faster And Efficient In (GP/AH-plus) Obturation System Removal Than H-files And Gates Glidden And Slower But Efficient In (SPBio) Obturation System Removal Than H-files And Gates-Glidden.

Ghada Adel Tahoun, Sara Ahmed Mahmoud, Amr Ezzat Abdul Latif And Lobna Mohamed Shalaby,

ABSTRACT
AIM: To Provide Information On The Frequency Of Hypodontia In Children Cancer Survivors Who Received Chemotherapy Before 4 Years Of Age. METHOD: A Total Of 144 Cancer Survivor Who Received Anti Neoplastic Chemotherapy At Children Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357 Before They Were 4 Years Old Were Selected Using Stratified Random Sampling. Those Who Met The Eligibility Criteria Were Asked To Attend For A Panoramic Radiographic Examination. Dental Panoramic Radiographs Were Examined To Assess Hypodontia, Excluding Third Molars. RESULTS: The Frequency Of Hypodontia In Childhood Cancer Survivors Who Received Antineoplastic Chemotherapy Before The Age Of 4 Is 9.72% (14 Of 144). There Was No Statistical Significant Difference Between Tumor Types And Hypodontia (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: This Study Confirms That Children Who Receive Antineoplastic Chemotherapy Before The Age Of 4 Are At A Higher Risk Of Developing Hypodontia.

Christine Atef Banoub, Mushira Mohamed Abdelatif Dahaba And Enas Anter Abd El Ghafar,

ABSTRACT
Background: Forensic Odontology Is Described By The Federation Dentaire Internationale As �that Branch Of Dentistry Which, In The Interest Of Justice, Deals With The Proper Handling And Examination Of Dental Evidence And The Proper Evaluation And Presentation Of Dental Findings�. This Study Aimed To Investigate And Analyze The Difference Between Egyptian Males And Females In Mandibular Indices� Measurements And Mental Foramen Position Using Cone Beam Computed Tomographic Images.

Materials and Methods: Thirty Six Patients Were Included In This Study. They Were Divided Equally Into Two Groups. The First Group Included Eighteen Females And The Second Group Included Eighteen Males. All Of The 36 Participants Were Scanned Using CBCT Scanner Then Six Indices Were Obtained From The Reformatted Panoramic Images Of Each Mandible (superior Index Of Mental Foramen Position, Inferior Index Of Mental Foramen Position, Mental Index, Gonial Angle, Antegonial Index And Ramus Height).

Results: It Was Found That There Was Statistical Significant Difference Between Males And Females Regarding Three Parameters Namely Superior Index Of Mental Foramen Position, Inferior Index Of Mental Foramen Position And Ramus Height However, There Was No Statistical Significant Difference Between Males And Females Regarding Three Parameters Namely Gonial Angle, Mental Index And Antegonial Index. Assessment Of Intra-observer And Inter-observer Reliability Regarding All Linear And Angular Measurements Showed Highly Significant Agreement Between Observers. Conclusion: Certain Mandibular Indices As: Superior Index Of Mental Foramen Position, Inferior Index Of Mental Foramen Position And Ramus Height Of Mandible Are Rendered As Reliable Gender Discriminators In Forensic Odontology. The Mean Values Of Males Are Higher Than Females Regarding The Superior Index Of Mental Foramen Position, Inferior Index Of Mental Foramen Position And Ramus Height. Certain Mandibular Indices As: Mental Index, Gonial Angle And Antegonial Index Are Rendered As Non-reliable Gender Discriminators In Forensic Odontology. Cone Beam Computed Tomography Is Considered As The Imaging Modality Of Choice To Assess The Role Of Mental Foramen Position And Mandibular Parameters In Gender Determination.

Mohamed Mohsen Hussein Elbanna, Samar Sewilam And Sherif Ali,

ABSTRACT


Purpose: The Aim Of This Study Is To Evaluation Of Purabone As An Osteoinductive Material In Comparison With Tricalcium Phosphate In Obliteration Of Endophytic Mandibular Cysts Materials And Method: Twelve Patients Were Selected From The Outpatient Clinic Of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery At Faculty Of Dentistry, Cairo University During The Period From 2015 Through 2017. Result: Estimation Of 6 Months Postoperative Conventional CT Scans For All Patients We Found That 100% Of Patients In Control Group (Group B) Had Increase In Radiodensity While 66.7% Of Patients In Intervention Group (Group A) Had Increase In Radiodensity Conclusion: Increasing The Feasibility Of Plant Derived Materials With Osteoinductive Properties That Aids In Bone Regeneration. Purabone In Collagen Matrix Has The Effect Of Increasing New Bone Formation. Tricalcium Phosphate Had Better Results In Bone Formation In Comparison With Purabone. Plant Derived Purabone Xenograft Became Realistic And This Will Change The View Of Surgeons Towards Xenografts.

Ahmed Mostafa Hassan, Amal Fathy Kaddah And Ahmed Emad Fayyad,

ABSTRACT
Randomized Clinical Trial Was Carried Out To Compare The Retention Of Mandibular Complete Denture Constructed From Two Different Materials; Metal Reinforced Polyamide And Conventional PMMA. Twelve Completely Edentulous Patients. The Patients Were Divided Into Two Equal Groups, Group I Received Conventional Heat Cured Maxillary Denture And Metal Reinforced Polyamide Mandibular Denture And Group II Received Conventional Maxillary And Mandibular Heat Cured PPMA. Patients Of Both Groups Were Evaluated By Retention Measurements At The Time Of Prosthesis Insertion As Well As Three And Six Weeks Later By Digital Force Meter. The Results Of This Study Showed That Retention Measurements In Group I Were Greater Than That Of Group II At Time Of Denture Insertion, 3 Weeks And 6 Weeks Post Insertion.

Menna Mosaad El Said , Alaa Nawwar And Farid Medhat,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Study Aimed To Assess The Distance Between Root Apices Of Mandibular Premolars And Molars And The Superior Border Of The Cortical Boundary Of The Inferior Alveolar Canal (IAC) Among A Sample Of Egyptian Population. Materials And Methods:. The Study Was A Cross Sectional Retrospective Study Performed On 172 Mandibular Permanent Premolars And Molars From 43 CBCT Scans Belonging To Egyptian Individuals. Radiographic Examination Was Done Using Planmeca Promax 3D Mid CBCT Machine With Image Capture Parameters Set At�FOV Of 20 X 20 Cm, 90 KV, 8 MA And An Exposure Time Of 13.5 Seconds. The Voxel Size Was 0.4 Mm

Results: A Total Of 41 Second Mandibular Premolars And 42 First And 42 Second Mandibular Molars Were Included, The Longest Mean Distance To The Inferior Alveolar Canal Was Recorded By Mesial Root Of First Molar With Mean Distance 4.78 � 2.52 Mm, Followed By The Distal Root Of The First Molar (4.2 � 2.37), Second Premolars (3.13� 2.6), Then Mesial Root Of Second Molar Which Showed Mean Distance Of 2.42� 2.06. The Distal Root Of The Second Molar Was The Closest To The IAC, With An Average Distance Of 1.7 � 1.95 Mm. Conclusion: Within The Limitations Of This Study, The Roots Of The Second Molars Were Significantly Closer To The Canal Than The Roots Of The First Molars And First And Second Premolars.

Heba Ashraf Abd El Sabour, Mahmoud Hamdy Eid, Salah El Din El Behery And Randa Youssef Abd Al Gawad,

ABSTRACT
Background: The Effect Of Prolonged Digit Sucking Habit Is A Common Oral Health Problem And Could Affect The Quality Of Life. Therefore, It Is Important For The Dentist To Understand This Habit Well To Be Able To Help The Parents And The Child Relate To It And To Manage The Child�s Dental Situation. Objective: The Aim Of This Study Was To Determine The Prevalence Of Malocclusion Among A Group Of Egyptian Children With Digit Sucking Aged 3 To 6 Years. Patients And Methods: This Study Was Performed On 185 Egyptian Children Aged 3 To 6 Years. It Was Performed In The Department Of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty Of Dentistry, Cairo University, Egypt.

Results: Malocclusion Was Present In 61.1% Of The Sample. Anterior Open Bite Was The Commonly Seen Condition (32.4%), Followed By Increased Over-jet (21.6%); Deep-bite (14.6%), Posterior Cross-bite Unilaterally (7%) Then Anterior Cross-bite And Bilateral Posterior Cross-bite Were Present In 4.9% Of The Sample. 23.2% Of The Sample Had More Than One Condition. Presence Of Blisters Was Seen In 44.9% Of The Sample. Conclusion: The Prevalence Of Malocclusion Is High In Children With Digit Sucking Habit. Digit Sucking Habit Is More Prevalent In Females, In Children Ranging From Three To Six Years Of Age. The Greatest Percentage Of Malocclusion Occurs In The 6 Years Old Children.

Moteea Abdulsalam Ahmed Sanad , Basma Gamal Mousa And Khaled Amr,

ABSTRACT
Temporomandibular Joint TMJ Disorders TMDs Is A Umbrella Term For A Variety Of Conditions Of The Joint And Mastication Muscles. TMJ Arthrocentesis And Intra-articular Injection Are Commonly Known And Used As Minimally Invasive Surgical Treatment Of Tmj Disc Displacement With Reduction. Aim Of The Study: To Compare Between Arthrocentesis Followed By Intra Articular Injection With Plasma Rich In Growth Factors PRGF Versus Arthrocentesis Alone. Patients And Methods: Sixteen Patients Diagnosed With Anterior Disc Displacement (ADD) Were Divided Into; Intervention And Comparative Group. Clinical Outcome Parameters Were Assessed At Baseline And At 6, 12, 18 And 30 Weeks Postoperatively.

Results: Both Groups Showed Significant Improvement Of Pain And Mouth Opening, The Evaluated Parameters Showed Insignificant Differences Between The Two Groups Throughout The Study Intervals With The Exception That The PRGF Group Showed Statistically Significant Pain Reduction And Mouth Opening Improvement In 30 And 6 Weeks Postoperative Respectively (p = 0.01 , 0.03) Conclusion: Both TMJ Arthrocentesis With Intra-articular Injection Of PRGF Or Arthrocentesis Only Was Proved To Reduce Symptoms Of Pain And Limited Mouth Opening And To Maintain Improvements Over Time. PRGF Injection After Arthrocentesis Revealed Some Superiority In Pain Reduction And Mouth Opening Over Arthrocentesis In 30, 6 Weeks Interval Respectively.

Reem Ahmed Hany, Shaymaa I. Habib And Gihan Ali Abdelrahman,

ABSTRACT





Purpose: The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Antifungal Effect Of Immersed Acrylic Resin Material In Aqueous Extract Of Siwak Solution On Candida Albicans In Comparison To Distilled Water As A Negative Control Or Sodium Hypochlorite As A Positive Control.

Materials And

Methods: One Commercially Available Heat Cured Acrylic Resin; Aqueous Extract Of Siwak And 0.5% Sodium Hypochlorite Were Used In This Study. For Antifungal Evaluation, The Assessment Was Done By Two Techniques; Agar Diffusion Method And Agar Dilution Method. Twenty Seven Specimens (n=9/gp) Were Prepared Using Split Teflon Mold (4�4 Mm) For Each Test. The Specimens Were Randomly Assigned Into Three Groups According To The Type Of The Immersion Solution. Group (I) Aqueous Extract Of Siwak Solution, Group (II) Distilled Water And Group (III) 0.5% Sodium Hypochlorite. The Results Were Statistically Analyzed.



Results: Regarding The Agar Diffusion Method, A Statistically Significant Difference Was Found Between The Antifungal Activities Of The Three Groups. The Highest Mean Antifungal Activity Was Recorded For Group I, Followed By Group III. While The Least Mean Value Was Recorded For Group II. Regarding The Agar Dilution Method In Both Concentrations (1/100 And 1/10), There Was A Statistically Significant Difference Between The Three Investigated Groups. The Highest Candida Count In Colony Forming Units (CFU) Was Recorded For Group II. Meanwhile, The Least Candida Count Was Recorded For Group I. While There Was No Significant Difference Between Group III And Group I.



Conclusions: 1) The Aqueous Extract Of Siwak As A Denture Immersion Solution Has A Potent Antifungal Activity On Candida Albicans. 2) The Aqueous Extract Of Siwak Can Be Safely Applied In Everyday Practice For The Acrylic Dentures Disinfection.

Islam M. Heiba , Marwa E. Sabet And Ahmed M. Osama,

ABSTRACT


Purpose: The Purpose Of This Study Was To Evaluate Which Treatment Modality Is Better Regarding The Amount Of Forces Transmitted To The Implant And Posterior Side Of The Ridge During Vertical And Oblique Loading Either Making:-Biohpp Bar-retained Implant-supported Overdenture Or -Biohpp Implant-retained Fixed Bridge.

Materials and Methods: Two Experimental Mandibular Prosthesis Supported By Dental Implants Were Constructed For This Study On Acrylic Model. The First Design Consisted Of Mandibular Overdentures Supported By CAD CAM BioHPP Milled Interconnecting Bar With Resilient Bar/clip Attachment. The Second Design Consisted Of BioHPP Implant Supported Fixed Bridge. The Implant Bridge Was Milled Using CAD CAM Technology In Cut Pack Design Framework And Was Veneered With Special Material. Acrylic Experimental Mandibular Model With Four Implants Was Used For This Study. This Model Replicates The Anatomic Features Of The Lower Edentulous Jaw And The Mucosa Covering The Ridge. Four Channel Strain Meter Was Used To Asses And Record The Strains Induced To The Distal Abutments And Residual Ridge. The Two Experimental Designs Were Submitted To Unilateral Vertical And Oblique Load; Then Evaluated For Stress Analysis Using Strain Guage Analysis. ANOVA And Student T-test Were Used To Analyze The Data.

Results: One-Way ANOVA Revealed That There Was A Significant Difference In Strain Values Between Unilateral Vertical And Oblique Load Applications. The Greatest Strain Values Were Recorded At Loading Side Of Implants During Unilateral Load Application, While The Lowest Values Were Recorded At The Non Loading Side. Conclusion: Selection Of The Design Whether Bar Attachment Or Fixed Bridge Depends Upon The Health Remaining Residual Ridge As: Fixed Bridge Decrease The Load On The Loaded Ridge And Increase The Stress On The Loaded Implants While Bar Attachment Decrease The Load On The Loaded Implants And This Was On Favor To The Health Of The Ridge.

Nada A. Al-Morshedy, Eman A. Shakal, Ibrahim R. El-Torky And Lobna A. El-Gamma,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Objective Of This Study Was To Compare The Platform- Switched And Non-platform Switched Implants For Complete Implant Assisted Mandibular Overdenture In Controlled Type II Diabetic Patients Clinically And Radiographically.

Materials and Methods: Ten Controlled Type II Diabetic Male Patients Were Selected For This Study. Split Mouth Study Design Was Used In This Study Where, Group I Represented The Right Side Of The Patients? Mandibular Interforamenal Region Restored With Platform-switched Implant And Group II Represented The Left Side Of The Patients? Mandibular Interforamenal Region Restored With Non-platform Implants. The Patients Received Complete Mandibular Assisted Overdenture With O-ring Attachment. Clinical And Radiographic Evaluations Were Carried Out For Every Patient At Regular Recall Visits At The Time Of Insertion, 6, 12 And 18 Months. At The End Of The Study, All Implants Of Both Groups Were Successfully Osseointegrated. The Data Of This Study Were Collected, Tabulated And Statistically Analyzed By IBM-SPSS Statistics Software (Independent T-test Samples). There Were Insignificant Differences Between Both Groups Regarding Plaque Index, Bleeding Index, Pocket Depth And Stability Of The Implants. Radiographically, There Were Significant Differences In The Mandibular Bone Density At The Bone Implant Interface And Marginal Bone Loss Between Both Groups. Group I Implants Represented Less Marginal Bone Loss And Higher Bone Density Than Group II Implants. Conclusion: Platform-Switched Dental Implant Is The Implant Of Choice Particularly In Controlled Type II Diabetic Patients To Control Marginal Bone Loss Around Implants.

Hanan Omar Abo-Alrejal, Hoda Abdel Kader And Omniya Abu El-Dahab,

ABSTRACT


Aim: To Evaluate The Accuracy Of Cone-beam Computed Tomography Versus Photostimulated Phosphor Plate In Detection Of Dental Root Fractures. Methods: Sixty-six Extracted Human Mandibular (28 Anterior And 38 Posterior) Teeth Were Included In This Study. Teeth Were Divided Into Two Groups: First Group (33 Teeth): The Control Group (non-fractured Teeth) And The Second Group (33 Teeth): The Induced Fracture Group. The Second Group Was Divided Into 3 Equal Subgroups Each Of Which Had 11 Teeth With Induced Horizontal, Vertical And Oblique Root Fractures Respectively. After Induction Of RFs, The Fractured And Non-fractured Teeth Were Coded By Numbers From 1 To 66 Using Black Pen And Then All The Teeth Were Recorded According To The Presence Or Absence Of Fracture And The Type Of The Fracture. Inlay Wax Was Then Added Around The Roots Of All Teeth Within The Sockets Of The Dry Human Mandibles. All Teeth Were Then Radiographed Using Two Techniques: Digital Radiographs Were Taken Using Digora Optime ) Soredex, Tuusula, Finland) Size 2 PSP Plate And A Standard Dental X-ray Unit And CBCT Images Were Taken Using Planmeca CBCT Unit.

Results: The Sensitivity Of The CBCT Regarding The Detection Of Fracture Lines (75.27%) Was Greater Than That For The PSP Plate (68.81%). The Specificity Of The CBCT (91.39%) Was Greater Than That For The PSP Plate (specificity =73.11%). Conclusion: CBCT Images Have Higher Sensitivity And Specificity In Detecting The Different Types Of RFs Vertical, Horizontal Or Oblique Root Fractures Compared To PSP Plate. CBCT Are More Accurate Than PSP Plate In Detection Of Vertical, Horizontal And Oblique Root Fractures.

Ahmed A. Youssif , Magdy M. Ali , Yasser F. Hussien And Mohammed M. Katia,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Purpose Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Effect Of Herbal Irrigation (Green Tea Extract And Garlic Extract) On Micro Hardness Of Root Canal Dentin.

Materials and Methods: Twenty Human Single Rooted Mandibular Premolars Were Decoronated, The Root Length Was Determined. Instrumentation Was Done Using Revo S Rotary Files, Samples Were Divided Into Four Groups; Two Experimental Groups Of 7n Each (n = 7) And Two Control Groups (positive And Negative) Of 3 In Each (n = 3) According To The Irrigants Used During And After Instrumentation. Group I: Green Tea Extract, Group II: Garlic Extract, Group III: Sodium Hypochlorite 5.25% And EDTA 17% (positive Control), Group IV: Distilled Water (negative Control). The Roots Were Split Longitudinally And Prepared To Measure Dentin Microhardness. Quantitative Data Presented By Mean And SD,�Friedman Test, Mannwhiteny Test And Kruskal Wall Is Test Were Used.

Results: The Highest Microhardness Values Were Recorded For Distilled Water Followed By Green Tea And Garlic Extracts Respectively And The Lowest Values Were Given By Sodium Hypochlorite With EDTA. There Was Statistically Non-significant Difference Between Garlic Extract And Sodium Hypochlorite With EDTA On Microhardness Of The Root Canal.

Conclusions: It Was Concluded That The Use Of Herbal Extracts As Irrigant Regimen Will Not Hamper The Root Dentin Microhardness When Compared With Conventional Irrigations Regimens.

Yasmin Farouk, Amina Mohamed Hamdy And Ahmed Ezzat Sabet,

ABSTRACT


Purpose: This Study Evaluated The Influence Of Different Surface Conditioners On The Push-out Bond Strength Between A Glass Fiber Post Surface And Self-adhesive Resin Cement. Methods: Twenty-one Sound, Single Rooted Canines Were Selected And Were Endodontically Treated Using Protaper Rotary System And Post Space Preparation Was Performed. Twenty-one Glass Fiber Posts (Glassix-Plus, Nordin) Were Divided Into Three Groups According To Different Surface Treatments Subjected To Glass Fiber Posts: Group 1: No Treatment And Silane Application Only (G1); Group 2: Immersion In 95% Ethyl Alcohol For 10 Minutes Followed By Silane Application (G2); Group 3: Immersion In 20% H2O2 For 10 Minutes Followed By Silane Application (G3). Self-adhesive Resin Cement (G-Cem) Was Used For Cementation Of The Glass Fiber Posts To The Root Canal Dentin. Two Slices ( Coronal And Middle Sections) Of 2 Mm Thick Were Sectioned From Each Root Using ISOMET Machine. A Universal Testing Machine Was Used With A Cross-head Speed Of 1 Mm/minute For Performing The Push Out Bond Strength Tests. Two-way ANOVA And Tukey Post Hoc Tests Were Used For Analyzing Data (�=0.05). The Effect Of Different Root Section Location On The Push-out Bond Strength Of Self-adhesive Resin Cement Was Also Evaluated. Failure Mode Of Root Sections Were Then Examined Under Stereomicroscope (50X Magnification) After Dislodgment Of Fiber Posts.

Results: ANOVA Indicated Significant Differences Among Surface Treatments (p<0.05). Regarding The Effect Of Post Surface Treatment Regardless Of Other Variables, The Results Revealed That Both Groups G3 And G2 Had A Significant Higher Bond Strength Values Than Group G1 , While There Is No Significant Statistical Difference Between Groups G2 And G3 . Group G1 Had Lowest Bond Strength Values Among Other Groups (p<0.05). Regarding The Effect Of Root Section Location Regardless Of Other Variables, The Results Revealed That Middle Third Root Section Showed A Significant Higher Bond Strength Values Than Coronal Third Root Section. SEM Analysis Showed Mixed And Adhesive Types Of Failure In All Groups. Hypothesis: The Use Of Different Surface Treatment Could Improve The Chemical-mechanical Interaction Between Fiber Posts And Resin Cements, Thus Improving The Performance Of Clinical Application Of These Materials In Endodontic Treated Teeth. Clinical Significance: Within The Parameters Of This Study, The Bonding Capability Of Self-adhesive Resin Cements To Glass Fiber Posts Were Affected By Different Post Surface Pre-treatments. Post Surfaces Treated With 20% H2O2or 95% Ethyl Alcohol Showed Significantly Stronger Bond Interactions To Self-adhesive Resin Cement Than Those Only Treated With Silane Application.

Sara Yossri Ahmed, Ibrahim Hassan El Kalla And Salwa Mohamad Awad,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Evaluate The Effect Of Air Abrasion With Different Class III Cavity Restored With Composite On Tensile Failure Load. Method: 40 Extracted Primary Incisors Were Selected Then Mounted In Self-cured Acrylic Resin In PVC Molds. Standard Cavity Preparations Were Prepared. Teeth Were Divided, According To Preparation Technique, Into Four Groups Of 10 Teeth Each. Group A (conventional Class III Cavity), Group B (modified Class III Cavity With 0.5 Mm Labial Bevel), Group C (conventional Class III Cavity With Air Abrasion), Group D (beveled Class III Cavity With Air Abrasion). Group C And D, Treated By An Air Abrasive System Using 50 �m Aluminum Oxide Particles Stream Perpendicularly To The Surface. Then Restored With Composite And St St Wire Was Looped And Embedded In Composite. The Retention Force Were Tested By Universal Testing Machine The Wire Were Grasped With Machine Jigs And Standard Load Will Be Applied Via The Wire To The Restoration At A Head Speed Of 1 Mm/minute Until Restoration Failure.

Results: Comparison Of The Mean Value Observed For All Of The Studied Groups Shows Statistically Significant Difference Between Group A And C (P=0.005), High Significant Difference Between Group A And B (P < 0.001), Between Group A And D (P < 0.001). Group B Shows High Significance Difference With Group C (P<0.001), And Significant Difference With Group D (P=0.002). Group C Shows High Significance Difference With Group D ( P < 0.001). Group D Showed The Highest Mean Tensile Failure Load . Conclusion: Labial Bevel With Air Abrasion Increase Retention Of Class III Composite Restorations.

Hussein Maamoun Hariri, Ibrahim Hassan El-Kalla And Rizk Abd Alla El-Agamy,

ABSTRACT


Introduction: The Present Study Was Undertaken To Assess The Effect Of Different Milk Product On Sound And Incipient Carious Enamel Microhardness Of Primary Teeth By Observing The Tooth Surface Using A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).

Materials and Methods: This Study Was Carried Out On Freshly Extracted Eighty Four Sound Human Primary Molars Free From Any Signs Of Cracks And Caries Using A Reflected Light Microscope. The Teeth Were Cut In Mesio-distal Direction Through The Center Of Each Tooth. The Teeth Halves Were Equally Divided Into Seven Main Groups According To The Type Of Milk Used; Group I: For Deionized Water (control), Group II: For Almarai Full Fat Milk, Group III: For Juhainna Milk With Banana Flavor, Group IV: For Juhainna Milk With Chocolate Flavor, Group V: For Beyti Chocolate Milk, Group VI: For Beyti Banana Milk And Group VII: For Labanita Fat Free Milk. Each Group Was Subdivided Into Two Subgroups, Subgroup A For Testing The Effect Of Milk On Sound Enamel And Subgroup B For Testing The Effect Of Milk On Incipient Carious Lesion. A Window Was Made On Ligual Or Buccal Surface And Demineralizing Solution Was Prepared. The Enamel Specimens Were Exposed To Various Milk Products For 10 Min Twice Daily And Microhardness Was Measured, 200g Load Was Applied For 10 Seconds And The Significance Of Difference Was Statistically Analyzed At (p � 0.05). Selected Enamel Specimens Were Evaluated Before And After Exposure To Milk Products By Scanning Electron Microscope.

Results: The Microhardness Measurments Showed That There Were Statistically Significant Differences Before And After Immersion Of The Enamel Specimens In The Different Types Of Milk For 10 Min Twice Daily. All Types Of Milk Showed An Increase In Enamel Microhardness. These Effects Were Visualized By Scanning Electron Microscope. Conclusion: This Study Revealed That All Tested Milk Products Cause Enamel Hardening And Remineralize Incipient Carious Lesion. This Highlights Once Again The Importance Of Milk And Its Essential Nutritive Values. Thus Children Should Be Encouraged To Drink Milk.

Haytham F. El-Fawal , Medhat A. Qataya And Hayam Y. Hassan,

ABSTRACT
Aim Of The Study: Evaluated The Effect Of Moisture On The Apical Seal Using Dye Extraction Method For Three Resin-based Sealers: 1- Endorez Sealer /EndoRez Points. 2- RealSeal SE Sealer /Resilon Points. 3- AH Plus Sealer / Gutta Percha Points.

Materials and Methods: Seventy Teeth Were Selected Where Ten Teeth Served As Positive And Negative Control Group. The Remaining Teeth Were Divided Into Two Main Groups According To Moisture Condition (Dry, Wet). Each Group Was Subdivided According To The Sealer Type Used Into Three Sub-groups In Which The First Subgroup Were Obturated With EndoRez Sealer, The Second Subgroup By RealSeal SE, The Third Subgroup By AH-Plus Sealer.

Results: The Results Showed That There Was A Significant Difference Between Dry And Wet Condition In Each Sealer (P < 0.05). Also In The Dry Condition There Was A Significant Difference Between Realseal SE And AH- Plus Sealer (P < 0.05) , While There Was No Significant Difference Between The Other Groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: -Drying Of The Root Canals Prior Obturation Even With Hydrophilic Resin Sealers As Wet Canal Condition Would Represent Extreme Experimental Scenarios That Should Be Avoided In The Clinical Situation. -The RealSeal SE/Resilon Root Canal Obturation System Provide Better Seal Due To The Ability Of Forming Monoblock Obturation.

Rokiya Mansour Mohamad Alshibi, Radwa Mohsen Omera And Moustafa Abdou Elsyad,

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate, The Effect Of Different Degrees Of Distal Implants Inclination On The Retention And Stability Of Two-implant Mandibular Overdenture With Locator Attachments.

Materials and Methods: Four Duplicated Clear Acrylic Experimental Models Were Constructed. The Models Were Covered By Resilient Silicone To Simulate The Oral Mucosa. In The Canine Regions Of Each Model, Two Recesses Were Prepared With Following Degrees Of Distal Implant Inclination: Group I (0 O ,control), Group II ( 5 O), Group III(10 O), And Group IV (20 O). Four Acrylic, Metal Reinforced Overdenture Was Fabricated And Connected To The Implants Using Locator Attachments. Using The Universal Testing Machine, Vertically Oriented 4 Points Tensile Loads Was Applied To A Metal Plate Attached To The Model With 4 Metal Chains Until The Attachments Separated From The Abutments.The Initial Retentive Force(maximum Dislodging Force) And Final Retention After 540 Cycles Of Insertions And Removals Were Measured For Each Group.

Results: For Initial Retentive Forces And Retentive Forces After Repeated Insertions And Removals, 5 Degree Inclination Recorded The Highest Retentive Forces, Followed By 10 Degrees, Then 0 Degrees And 20 Degrees Recorded The Lowest Retention Values. Locator Transparent Recorded The Highest Retentive Forces, Followed By Locator Pink, Locator Green, Locator Blue And Locator Red Recorded The Lowest Retention Values. Conclusion: Comparing Nylon Inserts, Transparent Inserts Are Recommended To Retain Overdentures With Parallel(0?) And Distal Implant Inclination With A Slight Degree(5?), While For A High Degree Of Inclination (20?), Blue And Pink Inserts Are Recommended Instead Of Transparent Inserts.

Radwa Sameeh Emara, Hend Abou El Nasr And Randa Elboghdadi,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Purpose Of This Randomized Clinical Study Was To Evaluate The Impact Of Occlusal Reduction On The Incidences Of Post-instrumentation And Post-obturation Pain. Subjects And Methods: Forty Four Patients Were Included In This Study. Inclusion Criteria Were Posterior Mandibular Teeth Having Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis And Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis. Patients Were Randomized Into Two Equal Groups. In The Intervention Group The Functional And Nonfunctional Cusps Were Reduced Until Absence Of Contact Was Confirmed, While In The Control Group The Occlusal Surfaces Were Left Intact. Standard Endodontic Treatment Was Performed In Two Visits Using Rotary Nickel Titanium Files For Shaping, 2.5% Sodium Hypochlorite For Cleaning And Lateral Condensation Technique With Resin Sealer For Obturation. Pain Was Assessed Preoperatively, Then After 6, 12, 24 And 48 Hours Following Instrumentation, Then After 6 And 12 Hours Following Obturation. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Was Used As The Primary Outcome Measure. Patients Were Given A Placebo To Be Administrated In Case Of Severe Pain And Ibuprofen 400mg Was Prescribed In Case Of Persistent Pain. Incidence Of Placebo And Analgesic Intake Was Regarded As The Secondary Outcome. Chi-square And Fisher Exact Tests Were Used To Compare Categorical Data.

Results: The Incidence Of Pain Was Lower In The Intervention Group At All Follow-up Periods. The Difference Between The Two Groups Was Significant At 6 Hours Following Instrumentation. There Was No Significant Difference In Incidences Of Neither Placebo Nor Analgesic Intake Between The Two Groups.

Conclusions: Occlusal Reduction Could Be A Simple Effective Strategy For Controlling Postoperative Pain Incidence Following Root Canal Treatment In Symptomatic Posterior Teeth Having Pulpitis And Apical Periodontitis..

Ahmed Helmy Salama, Moushira Dahaba, Amira Fares And Mohamed Sherif,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Aim Of The Present Work Was To Study The Effect Of Anticancer Drugs On Enamel Structure, Using Scanning Electron Microscope And Digora X-ray System. Material & Methods: 30 Male Albino Rats, Aged 30 Days And Weighing 80 G Each Have Been Used In This Study, They Were Divided Into 3 Groups (10 Rats Each), Group I (control), Group II (vinblastine Group) And Group III (Taxotere Group). Vinblastine And Taxotere Were Given As A Single Intravenous Dose (4 Mg/kg) Via The Tail Vein. All Groups Were Further Subdivided Into 2 Subgroups A And B (5 Rats Each) And Were Sacrificed After 1 And 3 Weeks Respectively By Carbon Dioxide Inhalation. In Each Specific Time, The Mandible From Each Rat Was Removed And Sectioned Into Two Halves. The Incisors Cleaned Gently By Water For A Few Seconds. From Gingival Margin, Segment Of Lenght 2.8 Mm Were Measured And Dissected, Which Represent The Erupted Part Per Week. The Same Was Done For Three Weeks Groups. The Specimens Were Examined By Scanning Electron Microscope From Both Surface And Cross Section For Evaluating The Morphological Changes In The Enamel Surface And By Digora X- Ray For Evaluating The Enamel Density Of The Experimental Groups.

Results: Scanning Electron Microscope Of The Both Vinblastine And Taxotere Groups Revealed That, Variable Defective Pattrens In One-week Subgroup The Enamel Surface Showed Different Defects As Honeycomb Pattern, Variable Size Globules And Cracks. While In Three Weeks Subgroup The Enamel Surface Showed Larger Defects As Increase In The Honeycomb Pattern And More Pronounced Cracks. Statistical Analysis Results Of The Digora X Ray Measurements Revealed That, A Statistically Significant Difference Between The Control Group And The Both Vinblastine (one & Three Weeks) And Taxotere (one & Three Weeks) Subgroups. Conclusion: Both Vinblastine And Taxotere Caused Morphological Defects In The Enamel Structure. Both Drugs Caused Reduction In The Enamel Density. Vinblastine Causes Decrease In Enamel Density More Than Taxotere As Revealed By Digora X Ray System.

Mina A. Shenouda , Siza Y. Zakhari And Wafaa A. O. Segari,

ABSTRACT


Aim: The Aim Of The Current Study Was To Compare The Efficiency Of Three Single File NiTi Instruments: ProTaper F2, WaveOne Primary And One Shape In Terms Of Canal Preparation Time In Simulated Curved Canals. Methods: Sixty Endo-training Blocks (Endo Training-Bloc, Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) With Embedded Simulated Curved Canals Were Used In This Study. The Blocks Were Divided Into Three Equal Groups According To The File Used: ProTaper F2 In Reciprocation, WaveOne Primary In Reciprocation And One Shape New Generation 25/0.06 In Continuous Rotation. The Simulated Canals Were Prepared Till Reaching The Full Working Length And Canal Preparation Time Was Calculated.

Results: One Shape Files Showed The Shortest Time For Canal Preparation (28.60 � 3.29 Seconds) Followed By WaveOne Primary (62.24 � 5.31 Seconds) And Finally ProTaper F2 Files (97.33 � 11.62 Seconds). There Was A Statistically Significant Difference Between The Three Groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Within The Limitations Of The Current Study, One Shape Files Used In Continuous Rotation Provided A Faster Canal Preparation In Comparison To ProTaper F2 And WaveOne Primary Files Used In Reciprocation.

Safa B. M. Alawy, Eman M. El Shourbagy And Safaa A. Ghobashy,

ABSTRACT
Aim Of The Work: The Aim Of This In Vitro Study Was To Evaluate The Effects Of Recycling And Repeated Recycling With Erbium: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er:YAG) Laser On Shear Bond Strength And Surface Characteristics Of Stainless Steel Orthodontic Brackets.

Materials and Methods: Ninety Extracted Upper First Premolars And Ninety Stainless Steel Brackets Were Used For This Study. The Brackets Were Bonded To The Premolars And Were Randomly Divided Into Three Groups Of 30 Teeth/each: Group I (control), Group II (brackets Debonded And Recycled One Time Using Er:YAG Laser), And Group III (brackets Debonded And Recycled Two Times Using Er:YAG Laser). Twenty Samples From Group II And III Were Rebonded Again To The Same Re-prepared Enamel. Sixty Bonded Samples (20/each Group) Were Subjected To Shear Bond Strength Testing Using Universal Testing Machine. The Shear Bond Strength Data Were Analyzed With One-way ANOVA Test, Followed By Tukey?s Test. The Bracket/adhesive Failure Modes Were Scored As Adhesive Remnant Index. The Chi-square Test Was Used To Evaluate Statistical Differences In The Adhesive Remnant Index Scores Among Groups. Ten Debonded Brackets From Each Group Were Examined Under A Scanning Electron Microscope To Identify The Surface Characteristics Of The Brackets? Mesh.

Results: The Results Of This Study Demonstrated That The Mean Shear Bond Strength Of All Groups Were More Than That Recommended For Successful Orthodontic Bonding, There Was No Significant Difference Between Group I And Group II (P>0.05). Repeated Recycled Brackets (group III) Had Significantly Lower Shear Bond Strength (P�0.001) Than Other Groups. Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis Showed Maximal Removal Of Adhesive From The Brackets Recycled One Time With Er:YAG Laser With Well-defined Lattice Structure, And No Damage To The Bracket Base. There Was Incomplete Removal Of The Adhesive From Repeated Recycled Brackets, Flattening And Distortion Were Observed In Two Samples. Conclusion: Er:YAG Laser Recycled Brackets Can Be Used As An Alternative To New Brackets In Case Of Bond Failure Which Might Provide Cost Reduction. However, In Case Of Second Bond Failure To The Same Bracket, It May Be Preferred To Use A New One Instead Of Reusing It For Second Time.

Karima Mansour Ali , Manal Hosny Mostafa, Olfat Shaker And Engy Ahmed,

ABSTRACT
Background: Among The Most Common Forms Of Periodontal Disease Is Chronic Periodontitis. Most Tissue Damage Found In Patients With Periodontitis Result From An Exaggerated Host Immune Response To Bacterial Challenges Which Results In The Secretion Of Proinflammatory Cytokines That Results In Destruction Of Periodontal Tissues. The Levels Of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) In Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) Have Been Reported To Correlate Positively With Periodontal Inflammation. Nutrition Plays A Great Role In Improving The Person Quality Of Life, For Example Omega -3 PUFA Has A Well-established Anti-inflammatory Role In Periodontal Disease. Adequate Dietary Intake Of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 PUFAs) Resulted In Increases Tissue Concentration Of The Types Of Fatty Acids(e.g., Eicosapentaenoic Acid And Docosahexaenoic Acid) That Downregulate Inflammation, Omega-3(n-3)PUFA Have Multiple Actions By Which They Can Affect Cell And Tissue Behavior To Perform Their Physiological Actions. Aim Of Study: This Study Was Undertaken To Evaluate The Effects Of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation After Modified Widman Periodontal Flap Surgery On Clinical Parameters And GCF Levels Of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Methods: The Present Study Had Included 40 Subjects (10 Healthy Volunteers And 30 Patients With Moderate To Advanced Chronic Periodontitis). Group I (Test Group): 15 Patients With Moderate To Advanced Chronic Periodontitis Treated With Modified Widman Flap Adjuncted With Omega 3 FA 1200 Mg Taken Orally Daily For 4 Months After MWF Surgery, Group II (Control Group): 15 Patients With Moderate To Advanced Chronic Periodontitis Treated With Modified Widman Flap Only.Evaluation Of Clinical Periodontal Parameters Were Recorded For Full Mouth And At The Most Periodontally Affected Sites (PPD � 5mm) At Baseline And 2 And 4 Months After Periodontal Surgery.

Results: Results Of The Present Study Indicate That Daily Dietary Supplementation Of Omega 3 PUFA As An Adjunct To Surgical Periodontal Therapy Has Resulted In Improvement In Clinical Outcomes Of Pocket Depth(PD) And Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), And Significant Reduction Of GCF Markers Of Bone Resorption And Inflammation (PGE2)indicating That Omega 3 Protect Against Bone Resorption.

Yara Osman, Layla Mostafa Omara And Hassan Abd-El Ghany Osman,

ABSTRACT
Aim Of The Study: The Purpose Of This Study Was To Compare & To Assess Clinically And Radiographically, The Contact Osteogenesis Between Host Bone & Immediate Implants Placement In Narrow Anterior Region Of The Mandible Following The Use Of Manual Bone Expanders Versus Motorized Ones..

Materials and Methods: Six Patients With 12 Anterior Edentulous Areas With Narrow Ridges. Six Sites Were Subjected To Manual Bone Expanders And Six Sites Were Subjected To Motorized Bone Expanders, All Followed By Immediate Implantation. A CBCT Was Used Preoperatively, Immediate After Surgery And 6 Months Post-operatively For Dimensional And Buccolingual Expansion Analyses..

Results: During The Follow Up Period, All Patients Showed No Post-operative Complications, All The Implants Inserted Showed Successful Osseointegration With No Signs Of Failure. The CBCT Radiograph Showed Proper Contact Between The Bone And The Implant, Also Showed Increase In The Buccolingual Width For Both Groups Immediately Post-expansion And Insertion And Decrease In The Width 6 Months Post-expansion And Insertion.. Conclusion: Manual Bone Expanders Show Better Results In Expansion And Bone Density Than Motorized Bone Expanders Do..

Magda H. Mohamed, Marwa E. Sabet, Mahmoud E. Al-Homossany And Shimaa L. Mohamed,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To Evaluate Radiographically The Effect Of The Degree Of Palatal Coverage On Marginal Bone Height Around Maxillary Hybrid -implants. Methods: Fourteen Edentulous Patients With Maxillary Conventional Denture And Mandibular Implant Retained Overdenture Were Included In This Study. Four (one Piece 3 Mm Diameter, 12 Mm Length), Implants Were Installed In Maxillary Arch Of Each Patient In Areas Of Lateral Incisors And First Premolars To Retain Maxillary Implant Overdenture Then The Upper Denture Was Modified By Reduction Of The Palatal Coverage Area For Half Of The Patients And Was Followed Radiographically For One Year.

Results: There Was Significant Difference Between The Two Groups (P � 0.05). Conclusion: Marginal Bone Height Loss Around Implants Was Increased By Reduction Of The Palatal Coverage.

Muhammad Hamdy, Tarek I. Elfaramawi And Niveen Askar,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Aim Of This Present Study Was To Evaluate The Relation Between Primary Implant Stability Of Delayed Implant Placement And Bone Density In Posterior Mandibular Area. Patients And Methods: 16 Implants Were Placed For 9 Patients (6 Females And 3 Males) That Had At Least A Missing One Mandibular Posterior Tooth. Bone Density Of Each Implant Site Was Measured Preoperatively Through Orthopantomograph. The Implant Osteotomy Was Done According To The Manufacture?s Instruction Under Copious Irrigation After The Replacement Of The Pilot Drill With A 2.0mm Trephine Bur To Obtain A Core Biopsy With A Fixed Starting Torque Of 15Nm2. For Each Implant Primary Implant Stability Was Measured Immediately Postoperatively By Resonance Frequency Analysis.

Results: For All The 16 Implants Sites, Bone Density Was D4. All The 16 Implants Were Stable With A Mean Primary Stability Of 69.9(+- 14.5) ISQ. Conclusion: There Is No Correlation Between Primary Implant Stability And Bone Density And Drilling Torque.

Sara G. El-Gamal, Jealan M. El-Shafei And Heba A. El-Asfouri,

ABSTRACT
Abstract: The Aim Of This Study Was To Assess The Fracture Resistance And Sealing Ability Of Endodontically Treated Teeth Obturated With Guttacore Root Canal Obturator As Compared With Thermafil Root Canal Obturator, And To Examine The Guttacore Material To Verify Its Crosslinked Structure.

Materials and Methods: Ninety Freshly Extracted Single Rooted Mandibular Premolars Were Selected For The Study. Teeth Were Divided Into The Following Groups: Group A (n=20) The Canals Were Obturated With Guttacore Endodontic Obturator And AH Plus Sealer. Group B (n=20) The Canals Are Obturated With Thermafil Endodontic Obturator And AH Plus Sealer. Group C (n=20): Root Canals Were Obturated With Conventional Gutta-percha And AH Plus Sealer Using Lateral Condensation Technique. Thirty Extra Teeth Served As Positive And Negative Control Groups. Mechanical Preparation Was Completed Using Rotary ProTaper Files Up To Size F3. Obturation Was Carried Out In Each Group According To The Manufacturer Instructions. Mechanical Testing Was Done Using A Rounded Tip Attached To Universal Testing Machine. While Linear Dye Penetration Using Silver Nitrate Dye Was Done To Assess The Apical Sealing Ability Of The Tested Materials Under A Stereomicroscope. Finally, The Guttacore Material Was Examined Under Scanning Electron Microscope And Tested For Dissolution In Solvents To Reveal Its Crosslinked Nature. Result: There Was A Non-statistically Significant Difference Between The Guttacore And Thermafil Regarding Fracture Resistance (P>0.5). However, Both Groups Showed Significantly Higher Values Than The Lateral Condensation Group. Guttacore Group Showed Statistically Significant Lower Dye Leakage Than Thermafil (P<0.5).

Conclusions: Based On Our Findings It Could Be Hypothesized That The Guttacore Material Provide Strengthening For The Root Dentin Together With Adequate Sealing Ability Properties Comparable To Lateral Condensation Technique.

Heba Ibrahim, Mohamed M. Abdel Azim And Geraldine Ahmed,

ABSTRACT
This Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial Was Done To Assess And Compare The Efficacy Of 2% Mepivacaine Versus 4% Articaine For Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (IANB) In Patients With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis In Mandibular Molars. Subjects And Methods: 66 Participants Aged Between 18-50 Years Were Included In The Study. Only Vital Mandibular Molars With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis Were Selected And Treated In One Visit. The Participants Were Randomly Assigned Into Two Equal Groups According To The Anesthetic Solution Used: Articaine Group: IANB Injection Of 3.4 Ml Articaine Hydrochloride 4% With 1:100 000 Epinephrine, Mepivacaine Group: IANB Injection Of 3.6 Ml Mepivacaine Hydrochloride 2% With 1:100000 Epinephrine. The Access Cavity Preparation And Root Canal Instrumentation Were Done 15 Minutes After IANB Injection. The Participants Ranked Their Preoperative Pain, Pain During Access Cavity Preparation And Pain During Instrumentation On Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). The Number Of Patients Who Needed Supplemental Anesthesia (intra-pulpal) Was Recorded. Obturation Was Performed Using Modified Single Cone Technique.

Results: There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between The Two Groups In The Efficacy Of Anesthesia, Pain Intensity And Incidence At The Different Pain Categories During Access Cavity Preparation And Root Canal Instrumentation (P>0.5). There Was No Significant Statistical Difference In Supplemental Anesthesia Needed In The Two Groups (P>0.5). Conclusion: Based These Findings It Could Be Hypothesized That The Efficacy Of Anesthesia Is Similar In Both Articaine And Mepivacaine Groups In Mandibular Molars With Acute Pulpitis. Both Groups Failed To Achieve Complete Pulpal Anesthesia In Mandibular Molars With Acute Pulpitis With IANB Only And They Were Similar Regarding The Need For Supplemental Anesthesia.

Noura M. Kamal, Hend M. Salem And Heba M. Dahmoush,

ABSTRACT
Background: Salivary Gland Cancers Are A Group Of Neoplasms Having Biological, Histological And Clinical Diversity. This Diversity Represents A Challenge For Diagnosis, Classification And Management Of Salivary Gland Cancers. We Believe That The Present Study Is The First To Compare And Correlate The Immunohistochemical Expression Of EpCAM In Different Grades Of Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma (MEC) And Solid Variant Of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (solid AdCC) In Comparison With The Normal Salivary Glands, To Ascertain The Possible Diagnostic And Prognostic Significance As Well As, Propose EpCAM Targeted Therapy As A Possible Treatment Approach For Patients With Salivary Gland Tumors.

Materials and Methods: 60 Specimens (12 Normal Salivary Gland Tissue, 36 MEC And 12 Solid AdCC) Were Collected And EpCAM Membranous Expression Was Evaluated By Immunohistochemistry. The Total Immunoscore (TIS) Was Evaluated, Which Represented The Product Of The Proportion Score And The Intensity Score. The Term ?EpCAM Overexpression? Was Given For Tissues Showing A Total Immunoscore >4.

Results: A Highly Significant Difference Was Observed Between TIS Percent Values In Control, Different Grades Of MEC And Solid AdCC (p< 0.001). High Grade MEC (HG-MEC) And Solid AdCC Were Found To Be The Highest EpCAM Expressors. Although, Lack Of EpCAM Expression Was Detected In Two Cases Of HG-MEC And One Case Of Solid AdCC. Conclusion: EpCAM Was Frequently Detected In MEC And Solid AdCC Making These Tumours Potential Targets For Anti-EpCAM Therapies. The Diffuse Membranous Expression In HG-MEC Could Be Of Diagnostic Value In Relation To The Patchy Expression Observed In Both Low Grade And Intermediate Grade MEC.

Noha S. Zein, Eman M. El-Maghraby , Dalia M. Abdel Hamid And Ahmed-Nour A. Habib,

ABSTRACT
Background: Early Childhood Caries Is Etiologically Associated With Bacterial Colonization. Streptococcus Mutans (S.mutans) Have Been Related To Dental Cariesbased On Well-defined Cariogenicity. A Body Of Evidence Suggests That Children Acquire S. Mutans Primarily From Their Mothers. It Was Also Suggested That Mode Of Child Delivery Can Lead To Differences In The Initial Foundation Of Oral Microbiota.

Purpose: To Assess The Acquisition Of S.mutans And Streptococcus Mitis (S. Mitis) In A Group Of Egyptian Infants In Relation To Mode Of Child Delivery And Maternal Salivary Bacterial Counts And Caries Index Scores. Subjects And Methods:A Total Of 50 Mothers And Their Infants Were Recruited In This Study To Assess The Acquisition Of S. Mutans And S.mitisin Relation To Mode Of Child Delivery, Maternal Salivary Bacterial Counts And DMFT Scores.

Results: Acquisition Of S. Mutans Was Significantly Higher In Cesarean-section (C- Section) Group Compared To Vaginally Delivered Group At 3 Months. S. Mitis Was Found In All Children At 3 And 6 Months Regardless The Mode Of Child Delivery. A Highly Significant Direct Correlation Between Infants? S. Mutans Counts At 3 & 6 Months And Maternal DMFT Mean Scores, As Well As Maternal S.mutans Counts Was Found. While, There Was A Highly Significant Inverse Correlation Between Infants? S. Mutans Counts At 3 & 6 Months And Maternal S. Mitis Mean Counts. Also, There Was A Highly Significant Inverse Correlation Between Infants? S. Mitis Mean Counts At 3 & 6 Months And Maternal DMFT Mean Scoresand Maternal S. Mutans Mean Counts. While, There Was A Highly Significant Direct Correlation Between Infants? S. Mitis At 3 & 6 Months And Maternal S.mitis Mean Counts.

Conclusions: C- Section Delivered Infants Had Earlier Acquisition And Higher Counts Of S. Mutans. S. Mitis Was Found In All Investigated Infants As Early As 3 Months Of Age.Early S. Mutans Acquisition In Infants Was Detected In Infants Whose Mothers Had High Maternal S. Mutans And Low S. Mitis Counts And High DMFT Scores.

Ragy Mohamed Elbadry, Sayed Hussein Saniour, Taheya Ahmed Moussa, Magdy W. Sabaa And,

ABSTRACT


Purpose: Evaluation Of The Bond Strength Of Resin Composite And Glass Ionomer Restorations To Gamma Radiated Enamel And Dentin Using A Desensitizing Agent And Different Adhesive Protocols.

Materials and Methods: Ninety Enamel And Dentin Samples (45 Each) Obtained From 15 Human Molars Were Divided Into 3 Main Groups (n=15): Control, Radiated, And Radiated/desensitized With Casein Phosphopeptide-amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP). The Samples Were Restored By Resin Composite (RC) Using Etch-rinse Or Self-etch Adhesives And Glass Ionomer (GI-self-adhesive) Then Sectioned To Obtain Beam-shaped Specimens. Micro-tensile Bond Strength (�-TBS) Was Measured And The Mode Of Failure Was Examined. Data Were Statistically Analyzed.

Results: Gamma Radiated Enamel/RC Showed Lower �-TBS Than The Control Group While Gamma Radiated/desensitized Enamel Restored With RC Showed The Lowest �-TBS Regardless To The Adhesives Used. Whereas, Gamma Radiated/desensitized Enamel/GI Showed The Highest Significant �-TBS Values Among The Enamel/GI Group. On The Contrary, The �-TBS Values Of Gamma Radiated Dentin/RC Using Either Adhesives Or Restored With GI Was Insignificantly Different Than Its Corresponding Control Groups. Nevertheless, Gamma Radiated/desensitized Dentin/GI Revealed The Highest �-TBS. Groups With The Low �-TBS Values Exhibited Predominantly Adhesive Or Mixed Failure Modes, While Predominance Of Cohesive And Mixed Failures Was Detected For Groups With The Higher �-TBS Values. Conclusion: Gamma Radiation Has A Detrimental Effect On The Enamel/RC Bond Strength Regardless The Adhesive Protocol Used. The CPP-ACP Has A Negative Effect On Both Enamel And Dentin Bonding To RC When Etch-rinse Or Self-etch Adhesive Protocol Were Used But Enhances That Of The Enamel/GI And Dentin/GI.

Rania Ahmed Salama,

ABSTRACT
The Current Study Was Carried Out To Experimentally Prepare An Adhesive Resin In Egypt As Well As To Evaluate Its Degree Of Conversion, Viscosity And Microtensile Bond Strength. Samples Were Divided Into Two Groups According To The Material Used: Group 1; Experimentally Prepared Adhesive, Group 2; (control); A Commercially Available Adhesive ?Solobond M, Voco, Germany?. Steps Of Preparation Of The Experimentally Prepared Adhesive Resin Involved: Preparation Of The Mixture Of Monomers, Preparation Of The Photo-initiator System And Addition Of Acetone And Ethanol Solvents. Chemical Analysis Of The Experimentally Prepared Adhesive And The Commercial Adhesive (Solobond M) Was Carried Out By Means Of FTIR Spectroscopy. Evaluation Of The Experimental Adhesive Resin Was Done Regarding Its Degree Of Conversion, Viscosity And Dentin Microtensile Bond Strength. Results Revealed That The Experimentally Prepared Adhesive (group 1) Had A Statistically Significant Higher Degree Of Conversion (18.294%) Compared To The Control Adhesive (Solobond M) (13.056%). However, There Was No Statistically Significant Difference In The Mean Microtensile Bond Strength Between The Experimentally Prepared Adhesive And The Control Adhesive.

Rania Osama Abd El Halim, Souzy Farid Shinaishin And Marwa M. Abd El Hamed,

ABSTRACT
Background: Cisplatin Is Widely Used As An Effective Chemotherapeutic Agent, But It Affects Normal Tissues By Generating Reactive Oxygen Species And Free Radicals. Vitamin C Is One Of The Most Available Potent Antioxidant Agents. It Can Counteract The Damaging Effect Of Free Radicals And Harmful Oxygen-derived Species In The Tissues.

Aim: The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Apoptosis Induced By Cisplatin In Rats? Submandibular Salivary Glands And The Possible Protective Effect Of Vitamin C.

Materials and Methods: The Study Was Carried Out On 42 Male Albino Rats Weighing Between 150-200 Grams. The Rats Were Divided Into: Control Group: Rats Were Given Distilled Water Orally And Intra-peritoneal Injection Of Saline. Cisplatin Group: Rats Were Given Intra-peritoneal Injection Of Single Dose Of Cisplatin (5 Mg/kg). Vitamin C And Cisplatin Group: Rats Were Given Single Dose Of Vitamin C (100 Mg/kg) Orally And Intra-peritoneal Injection Of Cisplatin. All Groups Were Further Subdivided Into: Subgroup A: Seven Animals Were Terminated 3 Days After The Injection. Subgroup B: The Other Seven Animals Were Terminated 5 Days After The Injection. Sections Of The Processed Submandibular Salivary Glands Were Stained By Hematoxyline & Eosin And Anti-active Caspase 3 Immuno Stains To Detect The Histological Changes Induced By Cisplatin And The Possible Protective Effect Of Vitamin C.

Results: The Subgroups Received Cisplatin Revealed Degenerative Changes In The Acini And Ducts As Numerous Intracellular Vacuoles And Pyknotic Nuclei. While Those Received Vitamin C And Cisplatin Revealed More Or Less Normal Glandular Structure. Immunohistochemical Examination Revealed That The Positive Reaction To Anti-active Caspase 3 In Cisplatin Subgroups Was Significantly Higher Than The Control Subgroups Indicating Severe Apoptotic Changes While Vitamin C And Cisplatin Subgroups Revealed Significant Reduction In The Apoptotic Activity In Comparison With Cisplatin Subgroups. Conclusion: Vitamin C Had A Protective Effect Against Cytotoxic And Apoptotic Changes Induced By Cisplatin In Rat Submandibular Salivary Glands.

Ahmed Nabil Roshdy, Maged Hakim And Lamiaa Khairallah,

ABSTRACT
The Purpose Of This Is To Evaluate The Marginal Accuracy Of Press On Veneer Fabricated At Different Axial Lengths To Zirconia Core. Materials And Method: A Stainless Steel Die Resembling A Prepared Mandibular Premolar Was Machined To Allow Standardization Of The Prepared Crowns. Total Number Of Forty Ceramic Crowns Were Fabricated Using This Die. The Samples Were Then Divided Into Four Groups According To The Axial Distances From The Core To The Finish Line That Was Completed With The Veneering Material. Group 1: Zirconium Oxide Core Fabricated Till The Finish Line, Group 2: Zirconium Core 0.5 Mm Short Of The Finish Line, Group 3: Zirconium Oxide Core 1mm Short Of The Finish Line, Group 4: Zirconium Oxide Core 1.5mm Short Of The Finish Line. The Core Was Veneered And The Short Core Margins Were Completed Using Zipress Veneering Material. Then Each Group Was Thermocycled 1500 Cycles Between 5-55�C. The Marginal Accuracy Was Assessed Using Travelling Microscope.

Results: Both Group 1and 2 Showed The Statistically Significantly Highest Mean Gap Distance Values Compared To Other Two Group. There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between 1 Mm And 1.5 Mm Groups While Both Showed The Statistically Significantly Lowest Mean Gap Distance Values. Conclusion: Despite The Advances In CAD/CAM Technique, Pressable Ceramic Using Lost Wax Technique Presented Better Marginal Adaptation Than Machined Zirconia Core Which Might Be Related To Software Limitation In Designing Restorations.

Ahmed Nabil Roshdy, Maged Hakim And Lamiaa Khairallah,

ABSTRACT
The Purpose Of This Study Is To Evaluate The Bond Strength Of Zirconia Core To Ceramic Veneer At Different Marginal Dimensions.

Materials and Methods: A Stainless Steel Die Resembling A Prepared Mandibular Premolar Was Machined To Allow Standardization Of The Prepared Crowns. Total Number Of Forty Ceramic Crowns Were Fabricated Using This Die. The Samples Were Then Divided Into Four Groups According To The Axial Distances From The Core To The Finish Line That Was Completed With The Veneering Material. Group 1: Zirconium Oxide Core Fabricated Till The Finish Line, Group 2: Zirconium Core 0.5 Mm Short Of The Finish Line, Group 3: Zirconium Oxide Core 1mm Short Of The Finish Line, Group 4: Zirconium Oxide Core 1.5mm Short Of The Finish Line. The Core Was Veneered And The Short Core Margins Were Completed Using Zipress Veneering Material. Then Each Group Was Thermocycled 1500 Cycles Between 5-55�C. The Samples Were Then Tested For Flexure Strength.

Results: There Was A Statistically Significant Decrease In Fracture Resistance After Thermocycling Within Each Of The Four Different Groups. Conclusion : The Bond Strength Of Zirconia Core And The Veneering Material Might Be Affected By The Difference In The Thermal Conductivity Between Both Materials.

Yassmin El Sayed Ahmed, Hend Abou El Nasr, Heba El Far And Mohamed Abdel Azim,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Purpose Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Effect Of Occlusal Reduction For Mandibular Posterior Teeth On The Incidences Of Post-instrumentation And Post-obturation Pain In Patients With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis And Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis. Participants And Methods: 44 Patients Were Included In The Study. All Patients Had Posterior Mandibular Teeth With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis And Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis With No Evidence Of Peri-apical Radiolucencies In The Radiograph. The Patients Were Divided Randomly Into Two Equal Groups, Each Group Included 22 Participants. For The Intervention Group, All The Occlusal Contacts Of The Tooth Were Relieved From Occlusion, While For The Control Group, No Modification Was Done For The Occlusal Surface Of The Tooth. The Root Canal Treatment Was Done In Two Visits Where Root Canals Were Prepared Using Revo S Rotary NiTi Files While Obturation Was Done Using Modified Single Cone In The Second Visit. The Pain Was Assessed Preoperatively, 6, 12, 24 And 48 Hours After The Instrumentation, Then 6 And 12 Hours After The Obturation Using Modified Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Patients Were Given A Placebo To Be Taken In Case Of Moderate Or Severe Pain And Ibuprofen 400mg Was Prescribed In Case Of Persistent Pain. Data Were Analyzed Using Chi-square And Fisher Exact Tests. Mann-Whitney U Test Was Used To Compare Between The Pain Value In The Two Groups.

Results: The Results Of The Study Showed That, There Is Significant Decrease In The Mean VAS Scores At All Follow Up Periods Compared To Pre-operative Pain Level In The Two Groups, But Postoperative Pain Intensity Was Higher With Occlusal Reduction Group Than With No Occlusal Reduction (post-instrumentation) With No Statistical Significance.

Conclusions: Within The Limitations Of This Study, We Concluded That Occlusal Reduction Isn?t An Effective Procedure To Reduce Post-operative Pain In Teeth With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis And Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis. So We Still Have The Controversy Of Whether The Occlusal Reduction Decreases The Post-operative Pain Or Not, As We Still Have No Enough Evidence.

Mahmoud A. Dayekh , Moustafa Abdou Elsyad And Ahmed Khalifa Khalifa,

ABSTRACT


Aim: This Study Aimed To Examine The Retention Of Different Types Of Locator And Bar Attachments For 4-implant Supported Maxillary Over Denture.

Materials and Methods: An Acrylic Resin Model Of An Edentulous Maxilla Without Alveolar Undercuts Was Fabricated And 4 Laboratory Implants Were Inserted In The Canine And Second Premolar Areas. Mucosal Simulation Was Fabricated Over The Model. Maxillary Experimental Overdenture Were Constructed Over The Model And Connected To The Model With Either Bar Attachment (group I) Or Locator Attachment (group II). The Universal Testing Machine Was Used To Apply Vertically Oriented 4 Points Tensile Loads On A Metal Plate Attached To The Model With 4 Metal Chains Until The Attachments Separated From The Abutments. Maximum Load Needed To Dislodge The Experimental Overdenture From The Maxillary Test Model (retentive Force) Were Calculated. Initial Retentive Forces And Retentive Forces After Repeated Insertions And Removals Were Calculated

Results: Initial Retentive Forces And Retentive Forces After Repeated Insertions And Removals For Vertical Dislodging Force, Locator Transparent Recorded The Highest Retentive Forces, Followed By Locator Pink, Locator Blue And Bar Attachment Recoded The Lowest Retentive Forces.

Conclusions: Locator Transparent Recorded Significant Higher Retention Forces Compared To Other Types Of Locators And Bar Attachment. The Lowest Retention Was Recorded With Locator Blue And Bar Attachment.

Dina Gameel Anis, MahaEshakAmer And Mohamed Salah Abd Elmotamed,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Purpose Of The Study Was To Assess The Relation Between Clinical And Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings In Temporomandibular Joint Disorders.

Materials and Methods: MRI Scanning And Clinical Examination Were Performed To Twenty Patients Of Both Sexes And Varying Ages, Complaining Of TMJ Disorders. The Disc Position, Disc Morphology, Condylar Osseous Changes, Retrodiscal Tissue Status And Joint Effusion Were Assessed. The Correlation Between The Clinical And MRI Findings Was Statistically Analyzed.

Results: Pain In The Temporomandibular Region Was The Most Common Clinical Presentation, It Accounts For 67.5% Of Cases. Significant Correlation Was Found Between Pain And Disk Morphology, Condylar Osseous Changes, Retrodiscal Tissue Status (p=0.001, 0.019, 0.003 Respectively)and With Disc Displacement. Statistically Significant Relationship Was Also Found Between Disk Position, Eminence Changes And TMJ Sounds (P=0.025, 0.004 Respectively), As Well As Between Disk Position And Maximum Mouth Opening (MMO)( P=0.018). There Was A Direct Correlation Between Retrodiscal Tissue Status And Mandibular Deviation (p=0.021). Conclusion: Clinical Evaluation Of The TMJ Can Be Nonspecific Due To Overlap Of Symptoms Between Internal Derangement And Myofacial Pain Dysfunction. MRI Should Be Part Of The Standard Evaluation When An Internal Structural Joint Abnormality Is Suspected .Disc Displacement As Observed With MRI Correlated Well With Clinical Signs And Symptoms.

Abdullah Salem Ibrahim, Maged Negm And Alaa El-Baz,

ABSTRACT
Seventy Six Human Single Canaled Teeth Were Decapitated, Instrumented Using K3 Ni-Ti Rotary System, And Then Divided Into 4 Main Groups Of 19 Teeth Each, According To The Type Of Irrigation Protocol Used; Group I, 1:1 Mixture Of 5.25% NaOCl + 18% Etidronic Acid (HEBP). Group II, 1:1 Mixture Of 5.25% NaOCl + 18% Etidronic Acid (HEBP), Followed By 17% EDTA As A Final Rinse. Group III, 17% EDTA. Group IV, 5.25% NaOCl (control Group). The Quantity Of Irrigation Was 5 Ml For 2 Minutes. Then, A Final Rinse Of 5 Ml For 2 Minutes Of Distilled Water. Sixteen Roots Of Each Group Were Subdivided Into 2 Subgroups (each Of 8 Roots), According To The Type Of Sealer Used: A Single Gutta-percha Cone Size 40 Taper 0.06 With AH Plus Root Canal Sealer. A Single Activ GP Cone Size 40 Taper 0.06 With Activ GP Root Canal Sealer. The Obturated Roots Were Horizontally Divided Into Three Equal Sections. The Middle Third Specimens Were Subject To Push-out Test By Means Of An Instron Testing Machine. Then, The Specimens Were Examined Under Digital Microscope To Determine The Type Of Bond Failure. The Remaining Three Roots Of Each Group Were Longitudinally Split Into 2 Equal Halves. The Walls Of Their Middle Thirds Were Examined For The Presence Of Debris And Smear Layer Under Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM). The ESEM Showed Superior Results Of EDTA And NaOCl/HEBP/EDTA Groups Respectively In Smear Layer Removal Over NaOCl/HEBP And NaOCl Groups. It Was Found That EDTA Group Recorded The Highest Mean Value Of Push-out Test With AH Plus Sealer, While NaOCl/HEBP/EDTA Group Recorded The Highest Mean Value Of Push-out Test With Activ GP Obturation System.

Mahmoud Mohammed Abd El Gawad, Ibrahim Hasan El Kalla And Hanaa Mahmoud Shalan,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Aim Of This Study Was: 1-To Evaluate Adaptation And Interfacial Micromorphology Of Composite Restorations In Conservative Cavities. 2-To Evaluate Microleakage Of Composite Bonded With Different Adhesives.

Materials & Methods: Conservative Cavities (4?1.5?2mm) Were Prepared In The Occlusal Surfaces Of Ninety Sound Extracted Permanent Molars. Then, The Teeth Were Randomly Divided Into Three Equal Groups, Thirty Molars For Each Group (N=30) According To The Type Of Adhesive. Group 1: Ambar Bond, Group 2: Excite Bond And Group 3: Prompt L-pop. Then All Cavities Were Restored With Composite Resin (Filtek Z250). After That, Fifteen Teeth From Each Group Were Sectioned Buccolingually Into Two Halves To Evaluate Composite Adaptation Under Stereomicroscope (60X) For Both Halves At All Cavity Walls. Selected Specimens Were Examined Under Scanning Electron Microscope (750X) To Detect Interfacial Micromorphology. The Other Fifteen Teeth Were Thermocycled For 1,000 Cycles In Separate Distilled Water Baths Of 5�C And 55�C Then The Teeth Were Immersed In 1% Methylene Blue Dye Solution For 24 Hours At Room Temperature. The Teeth Were Sectioned Buccolingually To Evaluate Microleakage Under Stereomicroscope.

Results: All Specimens Had Voids Ranging From (0.1-1.7mm). Ambar Bond Showed The Greatest Number Of Samples That Had Voids (60%) Followed By Prompt L-pop (40%) And Excite Bond (33.3%). Microleakage Scores Were Highest With Prompt L-pop Followed By Ambar And Excite Bond. Resin Tag Lengths Were Longer With Excite And Ambar Bond As Compared To Prompt L-pop Bond. Conclusion: Restoration Of Conservative Cavities Without Voids Is Difficult To Achieve. Etch And Rinse System Is Still Considered A Gold Standard Adhesive.

Hanan M. Abdelaziz, Dina Elkassas And Heba Salah El-dein Hamza,

ABSTRACT
This Research Was Designed To Evaluate The Remineralizing Potential Of Fluoride In Comparison To Three Different Calcium Phosphate Based Remineralizing Agents Using Surface Microhardnesss Test.

Materials & Methods: A Total Of 50 Sound Human Mandibular Molars Were Used In This Study. Artificial Enamel Carious Lesions Were Induced And The Enamel Specimens Were Divided Randomly Into Five Groups, According To The Remineralizing Agent Used; Group A1: Molars Stored In Artificial Saliva, Group A2: Fluoride Varnish Was Used, Group A3: CPP-ACP Varnish, Group A4: F-TCP Varnish And Finally Group A5: Novamin Paste Was Applied. Specimens Were Then Subjected To A PH Cycling Protocol For Eight Consecutive Days. The Surface Micro Hardness (SMH) Was Assessed Using Vickers Microhardness Tester, Prior To Demineralization Of The Specimens As A Baseline (SMH/Baseline), Following Demineralization (SMH/Demineralization) And Finally, After The Remineralization Regimens & PH Cycling (SMH/Remineralization), Then Mean Surface Microhardness Recovery Percentage Was Calculated (SMHR %).

Results: Showed That The Highest SMHR% Was Found In Novamin (58.29 � 8.14) Followed By TCP (50.56 � 6.37), CPP-ACP (46.40 � 13.93) And Fluoride (34.94 � 9.35). While The Lowest SMHR% Was Found In Saliva Group (14.26 � 5.77). Conclusion: Crystalline Calcium Phosphate Based Delivery Vehicles Showed Higher Remineralizing Efficacy Compared To The Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Based And Fluoride Based Agents. Novamin Remineralizing System Confers The Highest Remineralization Tendency With The Highest Potential.

Raghda Esam El-Malt; Fatma Abdou El-Sayed And Hoda Abdel-Aziz,

ABSTRACT
Aim Of This Study: To Assess The Pubertal Growth Spurt In A Group Of Al-Giza School Male Adolescents, Using The Developmental Stages Of The Middle Phalanx Of The Middle Finger (MP3), And To Evaluate The Skeletal Maturity Age Differences Between Al-Giza Male Adolescents And Other Populations.

Materials & Methods: A Sample Of 1500 Male Students For Al-Giza Was Included In This Study With Age Range From 11 To 16 Years Was Collected. A Radiograph For The Middle Phalanx Of The Middle Finger By Digital Dental Radiograph For The Assessment Of MP3 Maturation Stages Was Taken For Each Subject.

Results: The MP3-G Stage (signifying The Peak Of Pubertal Growth Spurt) Was Found With High Prevalence In Subjects Aged >13-14 Years With Mean Of Age 13.36y. Conclusion: 1. The Mean Skeletal Maturity Age (MP3-G Stage) That Represents The Peak Of Height Velocity (PHV) In Egyptian Adolescent Males Of Al-Giza Was Found To Be 13.36 Y � 1.07 Years. 2. The Newly Digital Radiography Of The MP3 Region Is Definitely An Available, Simple Technique Of High Clarity, Low Radiation.

Karim Fouda, Hamdy Abouelfotouh And Ahmed Fahmi,

ABSTRACT
This Study Was Conducted To Evaluate The Difference Between Conventional Acrylic And Soft Lined Implant Partial Overdenture In Mandibular Kennedy Class I. The Aim Of This Work Was To Evaluate The Effect Of Using Soft Liner On Denture Base In Lower Kennedy Class I Partially Edentulous Patients Restored With Implant Supported Partial Overdenture Fourteen Partially Edentulus Patients Were Selected Patients And Divided Into Two Equal Groups. For Both The First And Second Groups: Endosseous Implant Was Placed In The Edentulous Region And Loading Was Done After Three To Four Month. In The First Group Conventional Acrylic Was Used While In The Second Group The Overdenture Was Lined With Soft Liner.For Each Patient, Radiographic Evaluation Has Been Done Immediately After Denture Insertion And After 6 And 9 Month From Prosthesis Construction. The Results In This Study Showed That There Was Statistically Significant Difference Between Both Groups In Radiographic Evaluation Regarding Bone Height But Not Bone Density.

Manar Elzanaty, Mona Shoieb, Noha A. Ghallab And Hani Essam El Nahass,

ABSTRACT
Background: Amnion Chorion Membrane Has Been Suggested In The Treatment Of Gingival Recession, Yet The Evidence Is Inconclusive. The Aim Of This Study Was To Clinically Evaluate Coronally Advanced Flap Plus Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft Compared To Coronally Advanced Flap Plus Amnion Chorion Allograft Membrane In Management Of Patients With Miller Class I Or II Gingival Recession At 6 Month Postoperative. Methods: The Study Included Twenty Patients With 36 Teeth (6 Males And 14 Females, Aged 20 To 54 Years) Who Were Randomly Assigned To Either Group.At Baseline Clinical Parameters Were Recorded Including; Recession Depth, Recession Width, Width Of Keratinized Gingiva, Tissue Biotype, Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Probing Pocket Depth And Clinical Attachment Loss. A Coronally Advanced Flap Using The Trapezoidal Flap Technique Was Performed With The Placement Of Either The Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft Or The Amnion Chorion Membrane.

Results: The Present Investigation Showed A Total Percentage Of Root Coverage 87.9% And 80.83% For The Subepithlial Connective Tissue Graft Group And The Amnion Chorion Allograft Group At 6 Months Respectively. The Percentage Of Complete Root Coverage Was 50% For Both Groups. Conclusion: Amnion Chorion Allograft Might Be A Suitable Alternative To Connective Tissue Graft In Procedures To Cover Denuded Root Surfaces And Can Reduce Recession Depth.

Hassan A.H. AboulAzm, Mai Mahmoud Yousry And Amir Hafez,

ABSTRACT
This Study Was Conducted To Evaluate The Effect Of Pre- And Post-bleaching On The Color Change Of Resin Infiltrated Enamel Versus Sound Enamel. M&M: A Total Of 30 Bovine Specimens Were Used, On Each; 3 Windows Were Created; Window A ?sound Control?, Window B ?demineralized? And Window C ?demineralized And Resin Infiltrated?, A Spectrophotometer Was Used To Assess Baseline Color In Each Window Then Bleaching Was Performed For All 3 Windows And Resin Infiltration Was Done For Window B Then Final Color Was Re-assessed.

Results: No Clinical Significant Difference Was Found In Color Change (?E) Of Pre- And Post-bleached Resin Infiltrated Specimens Compared To Sound Bleached. Conclusion: Pre-bleaching And Post-bleaching Resin Infiltrated Enamel Lesions Showed A Clinically Similar Color Change To Sound Bleached Enamel.

Basel Ismaeel Alhabash And Omaima El-Mahallawi,

ABSTRACT


Introduction: In Flared Canals The Misfit Of Ready-made Glass Fiber Post At Coronal Part Leads To Increased Cement Thickness At This Area With More Liability To Voids Incorporation And De-bonding Risk. Different Methods Have Been Proposed To Solve This Problem, But Still There Is No Definite Data About The Effect Of Each Technique On Mechanical Properties Of Remaining Tooth Structure.

Materials and Methods: A Total Number (n=32) Of Freshly Extracted Central Incisor With Nearly Same Length And Diameter Were Collected And Divided To Four Groups As The Follow: Group1 (control)(n=8) Remain Sound Without Any Preparation Or Endodontic Treatment, Group2,3 And 4 Received Endodontic Treatment And Intra-radicular Flared Preparation With Same Criteria And Restored As The Follow: Group2 (n=8) Restored With Radix Fiber Post, Group3 (n=8) Restored With Relined Radix Fiber Post, Group4 (n=8) Restored With EverStick Fiber Post. Coronal Portion For All Groups Were Then Restored With Nano-hybrid Composite And All Samples Were Then Individually Mounted On Epoxy Resin Blocks And Where Loaded At 135? Of The Long Axis Using A Computer Controlled Testing Machine With A Load Cell Of 5 KN. The Specimens Were Statically Loaded Until Fracture At A Crosshead Speed Of 1 Mm/min With The Steel Rod. Kruskal-Wallis Test Was Used To Study The Different Between Tested Groups. The Significance Level Was Set At P < 0.05.

Results: Intact Teeth (control Group) Showed The Highest Mean Fracture Resistance Value (462.89 � 104.51 N). The Relined Radix Fiber Post Group Showed (392.03 � 105.34 N), Radix Fiber Post Group Showed (303.15 � 95.39 N) And The EverStick Post Showed (369.77 � 107.4 N).The Difference Between The Control And Both Relined Radix And EverStick Post Groups Were Statistically Insignificant (P > 0.05). However, The Differences Between The Radix Post Groups With All Remaining Groups Were Statistically Significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: 1. Relining Ready-made Glass Fiber Post Or Using Individually Formable Glass Fiber Post In Maxillary Teeth With Flared Canals Increase Their Fracture Resistance. 2. Increased Resin Cement Film Thickness Adversely Affects Fracture Resistance Of Teeth With Flared Canals. 3. The Fracture Value For All Tested Groups Was Higher Than Normal Masticatory Forces In Anterior Region.

Dina Ezz El Din Mohamed , Mohamed Fouad Haridy And Mohsen Hussein Abi Alhasan,

ABSTRACT


Aim: This Study To Assess The Bonding Efficiency Of Resin Composite Using Self Etch Adhesive To Dental Hard Tissues After Remineralization With Conventional Bioactive Glass.

Materials & Methods: Conventional Bioactive Glass Particles Were Prepared. A Total Number Of 25 Extracted Caries-free Human Permanent Molars Used. 5 Specimens As A Positive Control (sound Dentin), The Remaining 20 Specimens Demineralized. The Demineralized Dentin Divided Into: 5 Specimens Negative Control (demineralized Dentin) And The Remaining 15 Specimens Divided Into 3 Groups (5 Each) According To The Period Of Application Of Conventional Bioactive Glass Particles Either One Day, One Week And One Month. After De- And Remineralization Phases, Self-etch Adhesive System Single Bond Universal Adhesive (3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA) Was Used According To Manufacturer?s Instructions Before Resin Composite Packing. Three Micro-tubes Were Mounted On The Uncured Adhesive To Restrict The Bonding Area. The Adhesive Coat Was Then Light Cured For 10 Seconds Using A LED Light-curing Unit (Elipar S10, 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA). After Curing Of The Adhesive, The Resin Composite Was Packed In The Micro-cylinders Using Endodontic Plugger. The Packed Resin Composite Light-cured For 40 Seconds Using The Same LED Light Curing Unit. The Specimens Were Stored In Distilled Water For 24 Hours Prior To Micro Shear Bond Strength (�-SBS) Testing. �-SBS Testing Was Done Using A Universal Testing Machine (Lloyd Instruments Ltd., Fareham UK).

Results: The Sound Dentin Showed The Highest �-Shear Bond Strength (MPa) Values (23.7 � 1.54) Followed By The Remineralized Dentin (16.43 � 3.49) With The Lowest �-Shear Bond Strength (MPa) Values For The Demineralized Dentin (11.63 � 1.08). Statistical Significant Differences Existed Among The Three Tested Groups (p�0.001). Conclusion: The Conventional Bioactive Glasses Is A Very Proficient Remineralizing Agent For The Demineralized Dentin. Consequently, The Microshear Bond Strength To Dentin Was Improved After Remineralization. Moreover, Application Time Of The Remineralizing Agent Has A Profound Effect On Its Reminalization Competence.

Abdu-eddaiem J. Qidarah, Mohamed A. Tawfik, Wael M. Said And Wael M. Safwat,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Purpose Of This Study Is To Investigate The Efficiency Of The Radiological Evaluate Of The Cone Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT) In The Diagnosis And Treatment Planning Of Odontogenic Tumors. Patients And Methods: The Study Sample Included 20 Patients (11 Male, And 9 Female), With Total 20 Odontogenic Tumors (8 Cases Of Amelobastoma, 5 OKC, 4 Odontoma, 2 Myxoma And One Case Of Cementoblastoma), The Patients Age Ranged From 10 To 70 Years, With Mean Age 30 Years. That Underwent To The Clinical, Radiographic Examination (computed Tomography (CT) And Cone Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT)) And Histopathological Examination.

Results: For Anterior-posterior Liner Measurement Of OT There Were No Significant Differences (p>0.05) Between CT, CBCT And The Intraoperative Finding. Also There Were No Significant Differences (p>0.05) Between CT, CBCT And The Intraoperative Finding For Height And Width Liner Measurement Of OT. While, Presence And Absence Of Cortical Expansion And Perforation Of OT In CT, CBCT Images And The Intraoperative Finding Was Showed There Were No Significant Differences Between CT And CBCT. Also, For The Presence Of Nerve Involvement And Displacement By OT In CT, CBCT Images And The Intraoperative Finding There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between Two Groups. For The Presence Of Teeth Involvement (root Resorption) By OT In CT, CBCT Images And The Intraoperative Finding There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between CT, CBCT And The Intraoperative Finding. Finally, The Maxillary Sinus Involvement By OT In CT CBCT Images And The Intraoperative Finding, There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between CT, CBCT And The Intraoperative Finding.

Conclusions: The CBCT It Has Higher Ability To Provide Valuable Diagnostic Information Compared To Conventional Radiography Even With Its Higher Cost, Which Makes CBCT First Diagnostic Tool For Detection And Localization Of Odontogenic Tumors, And Assessment Of Odontogenic Tumors Severity, And Surgical Treatment Planning For The Odontogenic Tumors.

Maii I. M. Khalil, Cherif A. Mohsen And Shams W. A. Ali,

ABSTRACT
Statement Of Problem: Color Stability Is An Important Factor To Ensure The Long-term Clinical Success Of Ceramic Restorations. The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Effect Of Repeated Firing Cycles On Color Stability Of Three Shades Of Zirconia Ceramic System. Materials& Methods: Seventy-five Ceramic Discs Were Fabricated. Discs Were Divided Into Three Main Groups According To Their Shades. Group(1) Shade A1, Group(2) Shade A3 & Group(3) Shade A4(n=25). Then Each Group Was Subdivided Into Five Subgroups According To The Number Of Firing Cycles Done (n=15) : SG(I)No Firing Cycles (control), SG(II) 3 Firing Cycles, SG(III) 5 Firing Cycles, SG(IV) 7 Firing Cycles And SG(V) 9 Firing Cycles. Color Readings Were Obtained With A Spectrophotometer Before And After Firings And L*, A*, And B* Coordinates And Total Color Variation (?E) Were Statistically Analyzed Using IBM SPSS Software.

Results: Results Revealed That For The 3 Shades (A1, A3 &A4), Color Change (DE) Had A Statistically Significant Difference Among The Four Different Firing Cycles (3, 5, 7 And 9) As Its P=0.01.Also, The Change In Color Parameters DL, Da And Db, Among The Four Different Firing Cycles Were A Statistically Significant With P=0.01. Conclusion: The L*a*b* Values Of The Ceramic Systems Were Affected By The Number Of Firings (3, 5, 7, Or 9 Firings) And Veneering Porcelain Shade (A1, A3 Or A4). L* Value Of All Specimens (at Different Shades) Was Increased Which Means That Specimens Become Lighter After Increasing The Number Of Firings. While, A* And B* Values Were Variables. The Mean Color Differences (?E) Caused By Repeated Firings Were Sometimes Below The Perceivable Level (?E<3) And Others Above This Level (?E>3) And Represent Visually Detectable Color Differences With The Change In Ceramic Shades And Firing Cycles. Clinical Recommendations: Zirconia Ceramic Restorations Should Not Be Exposed To Repeated Number Of Firings To Not Produce Detectable Color Changes.

Emad Mohamed T. Agamy, Iman A. Elasfahani And Haytham M. AbdelAal,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Distribution Of Stresses In Single Implant Supported Mandibular Over Denture, By Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis (3D FEA).

Materials and Methods: A 3D Finite Element Model Of Mandibular Overdentures Was Established, Using Single Implant With Ball And Socket Attachment. The Implant Was Inserted At The Position Of Central Incisor Area. Two Types Of Loads Were Applied To The Model: Total Of 150 N Vertical And 45 Degree Oblique Loads On The Right First Premolar, Second Premolar And First Molar. The Distribution Around Peri-implant Bone, Implant, Mucosa And Overdentures Were Recorded.

Results: The Maximum Recorded Stresses Under Vertical Loading Were 25 Mpa While Under Oblique Loading Were 36.5 Mpa. No Failure Occurred In Any Part Of The Model. All Maximum Stresses Were Less Than The Yield Strength And Within The Biological Range. Conclusion And Clinical Significance: Single-implant-retained Mandibular Overdentures Do Not Show Damaging Stress Concentration Neither In The Bone Around The Implant, Different Supporting Structures Nor The Prosthesis. In This Regard It May Be Considered A Cost Effective Treatment Option For Edentulous Patients.

Aimen Al-Gobrani, Fatma A. Abdel-Sayed, Hoda M. Abdel-Aziz And Manal Y. Fouda,

ABSTRACT
Aim Of Study: The Aim Of This Study Was To Determine The Prevalence Of Malocclusion And Orthodontic Treatment Needs Among Egyptian School Children In Matrouh Governorate In The Arab Republic Of Egypt.

Materials and Methods: Asample Of 500 Children (8-12 Years Of Age ) Were Randomly Selected From Matrouh Governorate Primary Schools. Clinical Examination Were Performed At The School Clinic.The Need For Orthodontic Treatment Was Evaluated According To Index Of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Result: Showed That Matrouh Governorate, Accepted Occlusion Represented 13.8% Of The Total Sample Malocclusion Represented 86.2% Of The Total Sample, Were 64.0% Showed Angle Class I, 14.6% Showed Angle Class II, 6.4% Showed Angle Class III, While 1.2% Showed Angle Class IV. There Were Tendency Toward Decrease In Percent Of Accepted Occlusion And Increase In Angle Class II And III Compared To Previous Egyptian Studies There Were No Sex Differences Within All Of The Occlusal Categories Dental Health Component (DHC) Of The Index Of Orthodontic Treatment Need Showed That 15.8% Of The Total Sample Were In Great Need Of Treatment, 20.6% Showed Moderate Need, While 63.6% Showed No Or Little Need For Treatment. Aesthetic Component (AC) Of The Index Of Orthodontic Treatment Need Showed That 7.4% Of The Total Sample Were In Great Need Of Treatment, 37.6% Showed Moderate Need, While 55% Showed No Or Little Need For Treatment.

Conclusions: The Percent Of Children With Great Treatment Need Regarding DHC Were (20.6%) Lower Than In Cairo (23.5%), While Regarding AC Were (7.4%) Higher Than In Mansura (4.4%). There Were No Sex Difference Within DHC And AC Components, There Were No Correlation Between Either Of DHC Or AC Components And Mixed.

Abdallah I. Al-Saadeh, Faten H.K. Eid, Fatma A. Abdel-Sayed And Hala Munir,

ABSTRACT
This Project Was Aimed To Determine The Prevalence Of Malocclusion Among School Children In Giza Governorate.

Materials and Methods: This Study Was Carried Out In Giza Governorate Where A List Of The Primary Schools And The Number Of Primary School Children Were Obtained From The Database Of The Ministry Of Education. Giza Governorate Was Divided Into Ten Regions According To Geographical Location, Two Schools Were Chosen Randomly From Each Region Using SAS Computer Software Thus, 20 Schools Were Included In This Study And A Total Number Of 1900 Schoolchildren Were Included In This Survey.

Results: Distribution Of Angle Classification: This Study Showed That 392 Children (20.6%) Had Accepted Occlusion While, 1029 Children Had Angle Class I Malocclusion Representing (54.2%) Of The Study Sample, 300 Children Had Angle Class II Malocclusion Representing (15.8%) Of The Study Sample While 163 Children Had Class III Malocclusion Representing (8.6%) Of The Study Sample And 16 Children Had Class IV Representing (0.8%) Of The Study Sample. Overjet: The Most Frequent Category Was Normal Overjet (>0?3.5mm) Which Was Found To Be (60.5%). Anterior Open Bite (<0 Mm) Was Found In (6.9%) Of The Total Sample. Conclusion: Compared To Previous Egyptian Studies, There Was A Tendency Toward Decrease In The Prevalence Of Accepted Occlusion While, There Was An Increase In Angle Class II And III Malocclusions.

Mona E, Mohamed. Z And Rasha N.S.,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Purpose Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Retention Of Two Non Metallic Machine Milled Crown Materials Using Two Different Adhesive Protocols. Methods: Twenty Intact Human Molars Were Used; Teeth Were Divided Into Two Main Groups According To The Crown Material Used, Each Group Has (10) Samples. Each Group Was Further Subdivided Into Two Subgroups According To The Type Of Resin Cement, Each Of (5) Samples. Standardized Tooth Preparation Was Carried Out By Milling Machine. Copings Were Fabricated Using Two Types Of Crown Materials: Lava Ultimate CAD CAM Blocks And IPS E.max CAD Blocks. Milled Copings Were Cemented To The Prepared Teeth Using Rely X U200 Self Adhesive Resin Cement And Rely X Ultimate Total Etch Resin Cement. All Samples Were Then Tested For Tensile Bond Strength.

Results: The Effect Of The Variables Combination (type Of Crown Material And Cement Type) On The Tensile Bond Strength Revealed That (Lava Ultimate With Rely X U200 Self-adhesive Resin Cement) Group Produced The Highest Tensile Bond Strength Compared With Combination Groups.

Conclusions: The Retentive Strength Of Lava Ultimate Ceramic Copings When Cemented With Self-adhesive Resin Cement Was The Highest.

Mustafa M. Nour, Ahmed R. Rajab And Ihab B. Almadany,

ABSTRACT


Introduction: Immediate Implant Placement Is Now Accepted In Clinical Dentistry Following A Single Tooth Extraction In The Posterior Maxillary Area.
Objectives: Presenting Stability And Success Rate Of Immediately Inserted Implants At The Site Of Palatal Root Socket Of Maxillary Molar Teeth After Their A-traumatic Extraction, As Well As Patient Satisfaction.

Materials and Methods: We Present The Clinical, Radiographic And Resonance Frequency Analysis Of Implants Placed Immediately In The Palatal Sockets Of Maxillary Molars. Conclusion: Using The Outlined Treatment Approach Of The Present Study Helps Eliminate Many Clinical Compromises Often Encountered When Placing Implants At The Time Of Maxillary Molar Extraction. These Compromises Include Non-ideal Implant Positioning In One Of The Three Extraction Sockets, Maxillary Sinus Pneumatization And Loss Of Ideal Alveolar Ridge Morphology As A Sequelae Of Post-extraction Alveolar Process Resorption.

Nourhan M. Hassan, Kalid A. El Hyes, Nermine Hassanin And Ahmed A. Zaki,

ABSTRACT
Aim Of The Study: Was To Assess The Photochemical Effect Of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) Clinically And Radiographically On Osseointegration Of Dental Implant

Materials and Methods: This Study Included 12 Females With Clinical Diagnosis Of Missing Upper Anterior Or Premolar Teeth Were Divided Into Two Groups. Patients, Divided Into Study Group And Control Group Submitted To Treatment With LLL Using Diode Laser. Study Group Received Six Delayed Implants Were Subjected To LLLT (low Level Laser Treatment) Intraoperatively During Placement Of Dental Implant,while Control Group Received Inactive Laser Using The Same Technique And Schedule As Study Group.

Results: The Results Of This Study Revealed That In The First Interval Of Change (0-3 M) There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between Both Groups, While In The Second Interval Of Change (3-6 M) Laser Group Showed Statistically Significantly Higher Values Than Control Group.

Abd-Elmotelb MA, Khattab N.M. And Moness A.M.,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Purpose Of The Study Was To Evaluate The Efficacy Of Two Different Bleaching Agents (Hydrogen Peroxide 10% Versus Carbamide Peroxide 10%) For Internal Bleaching Of Primary Teeth.

Materials and Methods: Thirty Extracted Human Primary Anterior Teeth With Intact Crowns Were Selected For The Study. Pulpectomy Was Performed And Baseline Color Evaluation With Spectrophotometer And Visual Method Was Obtained Then Each Tooth Was Artificially Stained With 2 Ml Of Fresh Rabbit Blood And Centrifuged. The Teeth Were Randomly Divided Into Three Experimental Groups Of 10 Teeth Each. 0.04 Ml Of The Each Tested Bleaching Agents Was Syringed Into The Access Cavity Of Each Tooth And, In The Control Group, 0.04 Ml Of Distilled Water Was Syringed Into The Access Cavity. Access Cavities Were Sealed With IRM. All Teeth Were Placed At 37�C In An Incubator Throughout The Experiment. The Color Of The Bleached Teeth Was Determined At 0,7 And 14 Days For Spectrophotometeric Evaluation And 0,3,7,10 And 14 Days For Visual One. The Data Obtained Were Collected, Tabulated And Subjected To Statistical Analysis Using Mann-Whitney Test.

Results: There Was Statistical Significance Among The Hydrogen Peroxide And Carbamide Peroxide Versus Control Groups Either Using Spectrophotometer Or Visual Evaluation (P=0.001). Also, There Was Significance Between Hydrogen Peroxide Versus Carbamide Peroxide At Different Observation Periods. Conclusion: The Bleaching Efficacy Of 10% Hydrogen Peroxide Gel Was More Effective Than 10% Carbamide Peroxide In Bleaching The Artificially Discolored Primary Teeth.

Hisham A. A. Qais, Hamdy A. M. Marzook And Rehab Rizk Abas El Zehary,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: This Study Was Designed To Evaluate The Influence Of Bisphosphonates And Antioxidants On Bone Healing Histologically After Surgical Defect Of Bone Tissue In Rabbits. Methods: A Total Of 60 Rabbits Were Randomly Divided Into Three Main Equal Groups: One Control Group And Two Study Groups. Three Circular 5 Mm Diameter Bony Defect Were Subjected At The Medial Surface Of The Proximal Right Tibia Using A Trephine Bur. The Bone Defects Were Left Empty (control Group, N = 20), Animals Were Treated With 0.1 Mg/kg Zoledronic Acid (Zometa) (study Group 1, N = 20), Treated With 0.1 Mg/kg Zoledronic Acid (Zometa) And Vitamin C (Cevarol) (study Group 2, N = 20). Each Group Was Divided Into 4 Subgroups (A, B, C, And D) According To The Period At Which The Animals Were Sacrificed (1, 3, 5, And 7 Weeks Respectively) For The Study And Control Groups. The Specimens Were Evaluated By Histology And Histomorphometric Analysis.

Results: There Were Highly Significant Differences Between The Groups Regarding To Amount Of Bone Formation At Different Periods Of Follow Up Either 1st, 3rd, 5th, Or 7th Weeks (P � 0.001). Also, There Were Significant Differences Between Intra- Group Distributions Concerning To Amount Of Bone Formation At Different Periods Of Follow Up Either 1st, 3rd, 5th, Or 7th Weeks ( P1, P2, And P3 � 0.001). Conclusion: In The Current Study It Was Found That, Proper Application Of Bisphosphonates And Antioxidants Managements, A Positive Improvement On Bone Tissue Healing Occurred.

Sherifa A. A. Kandil; Mohamed Riad Farid And Shereen Hafez,

ABSTRACT


Aim: Evaluate The Effect Of Different Surface Treatment To Dentin On Shear Bond Strength Of Zinc Modified Glass Ionomer Compared To Nano-filled Resin Modified Glass Ionomer And Assessment Of Tooth Restoration Interface Using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope.

Materials and Methods: Zinc Modified Glass Ionomer (Chemfil Rock), Nano-filled Resin Modified Glass Ionomer (Ketac? N100), Dentin Conditioner (Ketac N100 Primer) And Artificial Saliva Solution Was Prepared. Eighty Eight Sound Human Premolars Were Used. Each Tooth Was Individually Embedded Vertically In The Resin Mix; Occlusal Surface Was Grounded Flat Then The Specimens Were Stored In Saline Till The Application Of Different Glass Ionomer. The Two Types Of Glass Ionomer Were Applied With And Without Ketac N100 Primer On The Prepared Specimens Then Shear Bond Strength Test Were Performed At 24 Hours And One Month. The Tested Specimens Were Photographed Using Digital Microscope To Determine Mode Of Failure While For Interfacial Analysis SEM Was Used.

Results: It Was Found That Ketac? N100 Without Dentin Conditioning At 24 Hours Had The Lowest Mean Shear Bond Test (SBS) While Chemfil Rock Without Dentin Conditioning At 24 Hours Had The Highest Mean Shear Bond Test. The Predominant Mode Of Failure In All Specimens Was Adhesive Mode Of Failure. SEM Evaluation Revealed A Gap Between Ketac? N100 And Underlying Dentin While No Gap Between Chemfil Rock And Unconditioned Dentin But With Dentin Conditioning A Gap Was Found Between The Ketac N100 Primer And Chemfil Rock

Rofaida Atef Abbas, Ragia Mohamed Mounir And Adel Hamdy Abou Elfetouh,

ABSTRACT


Aim: To Evaluate The Accuracy Of Computer Virtual Reduction Of Mandibular Condylar Fractures Based On Patient Specific Computed Tomography Scan And It?s Impact On The Surgical Procedure. Patients And Methods: Six Patients With Displaced Sub-condylar Fracture Were Treated With Trans-oral ORIF Using Computer Assisted Virtual Planning And Simulation.

Results: The Postoperative Recovery And Healing Phase Was Uneventful In All Patients. The Mean Displacement Of The Condylar Segment Was Found To Be 3.5 Mm With Standard Deviation Of 0.2 Mm In The Axial Dimension. In The Coronal Dimension, The Mean Displacement Was Found To Be 0.7 Mm With Standard Deviation Of 0.08 Mm. In The Sagittal Dimension, The Mean Displacement Was Found To Be 2.8 Mm With Standard Deviation 0.4 Mm. Conclusion: The Surgical Treatment Of Sub-condylar Fractures Of The Mandible With The Trans-oral Approach Using Computer Assisted Virtual Planning And Simulation Offers Reliable Clinical Results And Accurate Anatomical Reduction.

Mohamed Kadry Nasr Geaisa, Hesham Abdelhakam And Adel Hamdy Abouelfetouh,

ABSTRACT


Aim: To Evaluate The Validity And Reliability Of The Computer Virtual Reduction For Anterior Mandibular Fractures Based Upon Patient Specific Computed Tomography Scan. Patients And Methods: A Total Of Nine Patients With Anterior Mandibular Fractures Were Treated With Open Reduction And Internal Fixation Using Computer Assisted Virtual Planning And Simulation.

Results: All Nine Patients Showed Uneventful Healing. Acceptable Fracture Reduction In Correlation With The Planed Virtual Reduction. The Mean Displacement Of The Proximal Segment At The Mental Foramen Was Found To Be 2.3 Mm With Standard Deviation Of 0.12 Mm In The Axial Dimension. In The Coronal Dimension, The Mean Displacement Was Found To Be 0.98 With Standard Deviation Of 0.41 Mm. In The Sagittal Dimension, The Mean Displacement Was Found To Be 1mm With Standard Deviation 0.9 Mm. Conclusion: Preoperative Simulation And Visualization Can Be A Valuable Tool In Planning Of Craniofacial Surgery And Reducing The Operating Time And The Accuracy Of The Final Reduction.

Tarek F. Mounir, Mohammed F. Abdallah And Amal F. Kaddah,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Aim Of This Study Is To Compare The Electromyographic Muscle Activity Of Both The Buccinator And Temporalis Muscles In Patients Wearing Implants Supported Mandibular Over-dentures Using Two Different Types Of Attachments Namely: A) Bar Attachments. B) Magnet Attachments.

Materials and Methods: Ten Patients Were Selected Having Completely Edentulous Upper And Lower Arches, Divided Into Two Groups, Group A Having Implant-supported Mandibular Overdenture With Bar Attachment And Group B Having Implant-supported Mandibular Overdenture With Magnetic Attachment. In Both Groups, The Implants Were Placed In The Canine Region, Muscular Evaluation Was Performed In Each Phase During The Study By Using A Digital Electromyogram (EMG)* Muscular Activity, Represented By The Root Mean Square Value (RMS), Was Evaluated.

Results: The Data Obtained From The Present Study Showed That There Was No Significant Difference Between Bar And Magnet Attachments According To Muscular Activity Measured. Conclusion: Within The Limitations Of This Study, It Was Concluded That: In Elderly Patients, The Treatment With 2 Inter-foramina Implants Provides Evidence Of Neuromuscular Adaptation Towards Values Of Healthy Dentate, Thus The Known Benefits Of Implant Placement Such As Tissue Perseverance And Improved Function Are Complemented By Improved Neuromuscular Adaptation. II. There Was No Significant Difference Between Bar And Magnet Attachments Regarding The Muscular Activity Measured.

Ahmed Mohamed Amer, Ahmed Gamal Hamzawi And Emad MT Mahmoud Agamy,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Aim Of This Study Was To Compare The Effect Of The Implant Position On Stress Distribution In Bilateral Distal Extension Free End Saddle (Kennedy Class I), Through Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis (3D FEA). Method: A 3D Finite Element Model Of Mandibular Bilateral Distal Free End Saddle RPD Was Established, Using Single Implant For Support. Three Variant Implant Positions Were Studied; At The Position Of The 2nd Premolar, 1st Molar, And 2nd Molar. Unilateral Vertical Load Of (150 N) Was Applied And Distributed On The Central Fossae Of Posterior Teeth On The Right Side. The Biomechanical Behaviours Of Peri-implant Bone, Implant, Mucosa And Overdenture Were Recorded At Each Situation.

Results: The Highest Stress On Implant And The Surrounding Structures Was In The 2nd Premolar Area. The Best Stress Readings Of The Implant And The Surrounding Structures Were At The 2nd Molar Region, Except For The Periodontal Ligament Buccal Of The Right Canine; At The Same Side Of Load Application. No Overloading Was Recorded At Any Of The Supporting Structures. The Maximum Stresses Occurring At Any Part Were Less Than The Yield Strength Of The Respective Material And Within The Biological Range. Conclusion And Clinical Significance: Within The Limitations Of The Current Study; It Could Concluded That The Best Implant Location For Implant Assisted Bilateral Long Span Distal Extension RPDs, Regarding Stress Distribution, Would Be The 2nd Molar Region. Additional Research Is Recommended And Further Verification Should Be Carried Out In Clinical Cases In Order To Gain A More Accurate Clinical Guidelines.

Ehab Ahmed Farghaly, Ahmed Hassanien, Zahrah Eldawakhly And Tamer Mounir Nassef,

ABSTRACT
This Study Evaluates The Effect Of Connector Design, (radii Of Gingival Embrasure Angel 0.5 And 1 Mm), And The Veneering Techniques, (Press- On And CAD-On), On The Biomechanics Of Implant Supported Three Units Posterior All Ceramic FPD. A 3-dimentional Finite Element Models Were Constructed Representing Two Implants Together With Implant Abutments Which Were Positioned In Place Of Missing Lower Second Premolar And Second Molar In A An Epoxy Resin Full Arch Model. A Three Unit FPD Virtually Constructed Using IPS E.max ZirCAD Blocks, With A Framework 0.5 Mm Radii Of Curvature At The Gingival Embrasure Of The Connector And Another Framework With 1 Mm Radii Of Curvature At The Gingival Embrasure Of The Connector With The Two Veneering Techniques: Press-on And Cad-on Which Were Virtually Placed Over The Implant Fixtures. Load Was Virtually Applied At The Gingival Fossa Of The Pontic Similarly To The Mechanical Testing And Stresses Were Analyzed. For The Cad- On Group It Was Found That 0.5 Mm Connector Recorded Higher Von Misses Stresses Mean Value (26.37 MPa) Than 1 Mm Connector Mean Value (21.25 MPa). For The Press- On Group The 1 Mm Connector Recorded Lower Von Misses Stresses Mean Value (22.84 MPa) Than 0.5 Connector Mean Value (27.25 MPa). With 0.5 Mm Connector Curvature Design; It Was Found That CAD On Group Recorded Lower Von Misses Stresses Mean Value (26.37MPa) Than Press On Group Mean Value (27.25 MPa). And With 1 Mm Connector Curvature Design; It Was Found That Press On Group Recorded Higher Von Misses Stresses Mean Value (22.84 MPa) Than CAD On Group Mean Value (21.25 MPa). It Was Concluded That The Design Of 1 Mm Gingival Connector Curvature Radii Showed Higher Load To Failure When Compared To The 0.5mm Gingival Connector Curvature Radii Design, And CAD-on Veneering Technique Has Higher Mean Fatigue Failure Than The Press-on Veneering Technique.

Sarah M.S., Amr H. El-Bolok And Enas A.A.,

ABSTRACT
Aim Of Study: To Evaluate The Expression Of Growth Factor Receptor Bounded Protein 2 (Grb2) And Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor2 (HER2) In Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor (KCOT).

Materials and Methods: 30 KCOT Paraffin Blocks Were Stained Immunohistochemically For Grb2 And HER2. Immunostaining Was Measured As Area Fraction And The Results Were Analyzed Statistically. P Value < 0.05 Was Considered Significant.

Results: All Cases Of KCOT Showed Positive Nuclear And Cytoplasmic Reaction For Grb2 And Nuclear Reaction For HER2. A Significant Positive Correlation Was Found Between HER2 And Grb2 Expression In KCOT. Conclusion: HER2 And GRB2 Play A Significant Role In The Proliferation, Pathogenesis And Progression Of KCOT. Grb2/HER2 Signaling Pathway Plays A Role In The Pathogenesis Of KCOT.

Lamia N. Metwally , Mokhtar N. Ibrahim , Omaima H. Ghallab And Amin E. Amin,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To Evaluate The Effect Of Different Doses Of Ionizing Radiation And Storage Times On The Microleakage Of Two Different Types Of Glass Ionomer Restorative Materials; Conventional And Resin Modified.

Materials and Methods: Standardized Cylindrical Class V Cavities Were Performed In 80 Bovine Incisors. Teeth Were Divided Into Two Main Groups According To The Type Of The Glass Ionomer Material Used Restoring The Cavities; Conventional Or Resin Modified (n=40). Both Groups Were Further Divided Into Four Subgroups According To Irradiation Dose; Zero Gray (control Group), 10 Gray, 30 Gray And 60 Gray (n=10). Each Group Was Measured For Microleakage At Three Time Intervals; 3 Weeks; 6 Weeks And 12 Weeks After The End Of The Radiation Exposure. Microleakage Testing Was Performed Using Fluid Filtration Device. Values Of Microleakage In �l/min/20 Psi Were Collected, Tabulated And Statistically Analyzed. Data Was Presented As Mean And Standard Deviation Values, The Significant Level Was Set At P �0.05.

Results: Mixed Model ANOVA Showed That The Groups Of (control And 10 Gray) Had Statistically Significant Lower Microleakage Values Than (30 Gray And 60 Gray) Groups (p<0.05). There Was A Statistical Significant Effect Of The Type Of Glass Ionomer On The Microleakage. The Interaction Between The Storage Times, The Type Of Glass Ionomer And The Irradiation Doses Was Only Significant In 60 Gray Group P=0.038 For The Conventional Glass Ionomer Group And P=0.014 For The RMGI Group).

Conclusions: Within The Limitations Of This Study, It Was Concluded That: The Time Of Storage Didn?t Have Any Influence On The Microleakage Of Class V Glass Ionomer Restorations. The Variation Of The Chemical Composition Of Glass Ionomer Affected The Microlekage Of Class V Glass Ionomer Restorations And The High Therapeutic Radiation Doses Had A Direct Effect On The Microleakage Of Class V Glass Ionomer Restorations.

Omaima H. Ghallab , Rana A. Sedky And Amin E. Amin,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Aim Of This In Vitro Study Was To Evaluate The Effect Of Different Doses Of Ionizing Radiation On The Microleakage Of Tooth/resin Composite Restoration Interface Using Qualitative And Quantitative Methods.

Materials and Methods: Standardized Cylindrical Class V Cavities Were Prepared On The Labial Surfaces Of 40 Extracted Bovine Permanent Incisors. The Teeth Were Randomly Divided Into 4 Groups (n=10) According To The Irradiation Dose Received In Gray (Gy); (zero, 10Gy, 30 Gy& 60 Gy). The Cavities Were Restored With Resin Composite (Artiste) Using A Solvent-free Self-etching Adhesive (Bond 1 SF). After Restoration Of The Prepared Cavities, The Irradiation Doses Were Delivered As One Shot. All Specimens Were Stored In Distilled Water For Six Months Till Testing For Microleakage Using Fluid Filtration System And Dye Penetration Method. Data Was Analyzed Using One-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney And Spearman?s Correlation Tests.

Results: No Statistical Significant Effect Of Different Radiation Doses On Microleakage (P> 0.05) By Fluid Filtration Method. Dye Penetration Showed A Highly Statistical Significant Difference Between The Non-radiated And Radiated Groups (P <0.05). Fluid Filtration And Dye Penetration Assessments Showed A Weak And Non Statistical Significant Correlation.

Conclusions: Within The Limitations Of This In-vitro Study, It Was Concluded That: The Effectiveness Of Interface Assessments; Qualitative And Quantitative Seemed To Be Same. The Grays Of Ionizing Radiation Doses Did Not Affect The Interface Profile Regarding The Microleakage Assessment. The Time Elapsed In The Test Played A Great Role In Data Registration-criticism.

Eman M. Raffat , Ahmed K. Khalifa And Moustafa Abdou Elsyad,

ABSTRACT


Aim: This Study Aimed To Evaluate And Compare The Retention Of Telescopic And Milled Bar Attachments For Four Implant Supported Maxillary Overdenture.

Materials and Methods: An Acrylic Resin Model Of An Edentulous Maxilla Without Alveolar Undercuts Was Fabricated And Four Laboratory Implants Were Inserted In The Canine And Second Premolar Areas. Mucosal Simulation Was Fabricated Over The Model. Maxillary Experimental Overdenture Were Constructed Over The Model And Connected To The Model With Either Telescopic (group I) Or Milled Bar Attachment (group II). The Universal Testing Machine Was Used To Apply Vertically Oriented 4 Points Tensile Loads On A Metal Plate Attached To The Model With 4 Metal Chains Until The Attachments Separated From The Abutments. Maximum Load Needed To Dislodge The Experimental Overdenture From The Maxillary Test Model (retentive Force) Were Calculated. Initial Retentive Forces And Retentive Forces After Repeated Insertions And Removals (540 Cycles) Were Calculated.

Results: Milled Bar Attachment Recorded The Highest Initial And Final Retentive Forces, While Telescopic Attachment Recoded The Lowest One.

Conclusions: Milled Bar Attachment Recorded Significant Higher Retention Compared To Telescopic Attachment.

Hosny N S, Negm M M And Ghoneim A G,

ABSTRACT


Aim: The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate And Compare Smart Paste Bio Sealer With AH Plus Sealer Regarding The Push-out Bond Strength After Various Irrigation Protocols (95% Ethanol, Distilled Water, 5.25%NaOCl And QMix 2 In1).

Materials & Methods: Forty Extracted Single Canalled Maxillary Incisor Human Teeth Were Standardized To 15 Mm Length And Mechanically Instrumented Using ProTaper Universal Rotary Files To File Size F4. The Roots Were Randomly Divided Into Two Groups (n=20) According To The Filling Material Used. Group 1 (Smart Paste Bio+Propoint F4) And Group 2 (AH Plus+gutta Percha F4). Each Group Was Subdivided Into Four Subgroups (n=5) According To The Final Irrigating Solution Used Before Obturation. Subgroup A: 2ml Of 95% Ethanol. Subgroup B: 2 Ml Of Distilled Water. Subgroup C: 2ml Of 5.25% NaOCl. Subgroup D: 2ml Of QMix 2in 1. The Specimens Were Obturated With The Single Cone Technique. Then The Roots Were Sectioned Into Three Horizontal Sections Of 2 Mm Thickness, Cut From Coronal, Middle And Apical Thirds Of Each Root. Each Section Was Prepared For Push-out Test Using Universal Testing Machine.

Results: Group 1 Recorded Statistically Significant Higher Push-out Bond Strength Than Group 2. Subgroup C (5.25% NaOCl) Recorded Statistically Significant The Highest Mean Push-out Bond Strength Followed By Subgroup A (95% Ethanol) Followed By Subgroup (B) And (C) Which Recorded The Lowest Push-out Bond Strength Values. Bond Strength Values Were Significantly Higher In The Coronal And Middle Segments In Comparison To Apical Segments. Conclusion: Smart Paste Bio Sealer Produced The Highest Bond Strength Compared To AH Plus Sealer When Single Cone Technique Was Used And Bond Strength Was Differentially Affected By Irrigation Regimens.

Hesham Samy Borg, Hoda Mohamed Amin Rashad, Mohamed Maamoun El-Sheikh And Noha Ossama Abd El-Aziz Issa,

ABSTRACT
Measurements Of Inter Implant Distance Through Two Various Methods Were Evaluated And Compared.

Materials and Methods: Fifteen Completely Edentulous Patientswith Two Mandibulary Inserted Implant Were Selected For This Study. The Distance Between Two Implants Was Measured In The Computerized Way Using Cone Beam Software. The Inter- Implant Distance Was Measured By Clinical Way Using Digital Caliper. The Data Gained By 2 Ways Of Measurements Were Compared.

Results: The Calculated Mean Of Clinically Measured Inter-implant Distances Was (25.149� 4.9244) While Cone Beam Measurements Of Inter Implant Distancewas (25.375� 4.7777) Of The Same Distance Revealing No Significant Difference Between Both Method. Conclusion: No Significant Differences Between Inter Implants Distances By Using Clinical Measurements Distances And Post-operative Distances On The Cone Beam.

Sara H El-Banna, Ahmed M Halawa, Hanaa M El-Shenawy And Dina M Abdel Khalek,

ABSTRACT


Introduction: Intraoral Soft Tissue Esthetics Has Become A Significant Aspect Of Dentistry And Clinicians Are Faced With Achieving Acceptable Gingival Esthetics As Well As Addressing Biologic And Functional Problems. Aim Of Study: Was To Evaluate The Effect Of Diode Laser Irradiation On Gingival Depigmentation.

Materials and Methods: 3 Watts Continuous Mode Diode Laser Was Used To Remove Gingival Hyperpigmentation Of Dogs. Specimens Were Divided According To The Follow Up Periods Of (1, 2, 4 And 8 Weeks) Where The Experimental Specimens Were Contralateral To The Control Ones. Specimens Were Evaluated Pre- And Post-treatment Histologically Using H&E And Ultrastructurally By Transmission Electron Microscope.

Results: Histological And Ultrastructural Evaluation Revealed A Decrease In Melanin Content In The Follow Up Periods Compared To The Baseline. Meanwhile, The Recurrence Of Melanin Was Observed More In Groups Of 4 And 8 Weeks After Laser Irradiation Yet Did Not Reach The Baseline.

Mohamed Sawi Mohamed, Nadia. A. Abbas And Mohamed. F. Abdallah,

ABSTRACT
AIM: In-vitro Study Was Carried-out To Compare The Dimensional Accuracy Of Three Different Viscosities Of Additional Elastomeric Polyvinyl Siloxane Impression Material (PVS)

Materials and Methods: Fabrication Of Custom Tray On Acrylic Model (Kennedy Class II Modification Then An Impression Was Made Using Three Deferent Viscosity Of Polyvinyl Siloxane Impression Material. The Impression Was Divided Into Four Groups. Group I: Impressions Using Light Polyvinyl Siloxane, Group II: Impression Using Medium Polyvinyl Siloxane, Group III: Impression Using Heavy Polyvinyl Siloxane, Group IV: Impression Using Three Viscosities In Single Impression. Finally Measurement From Acrylic Cast Was Recorded And Compared To That Measured From The Stone Cast Poured From The Different Viscosities Of The Impression Materials.

Results: When The Three Viscosities Used Together In The Same Tray They Produced Less Accurate Cast Than Medium Alone. However It Was More Accurate Than Light And Heavy Viscosities

Rabab Ismail Abdel Fattah, Mohsen Hussein Abielhassan And Hossam El-Din Al-Mandouh El-Husiny,

ABSTRACT
The Aim Of This Study Was To Compare The Re-mineralizing Potential Of Two Novel Bioactive Glasses (BAGs), Based On The Particle Size I.e, Conventional And Nano-sized Particles In Comparison To A Conventional Commercially Available Tooth Mousse (casein Phosphopeptide ? Amorphous Calcium Phosphate CPP-ACP) On Human Enamel And Dentin. A Total Number Of 15 Extracted Caries-free Human Permanent Molars Were Used In The Study To Form 60 Enamel And Dentin Slabs. The Slabs Were Divided Into Two Groups According To The Tooth Substrate; Enamel (A1) And Dentin (A2); 30 Slabs Each. Each Group Was Furtherly Subdivided Equally Into Three Subgroups According To The Remineralizing Agent Used; Ten Slabs Each; Conventional Size BAG (B1), Nano-sized BAG (B2) And Tooth Mousse (B3). Each Subgroup Was Furtherly Divided Into Two Classes According To The Time Of Application Of Remineralizing Agent; Five Slabs Each; Two Minutes (C1) And Eight Minutes (C2). Slabs Were Soaked In A Demineralizing Solution For Two Days. Treated Specimens Were Subsequently Stored In Artificial Saliva (pH 7.4), At 37�C For Seven Days. Artificial Saliva Was Replaced With Fresh One Every 24 Hours. Specimens Were Analyzed, Both Quantitatively And Qualitatively Using EDAX And ESEM Respectively After Both Demineralization And Remineralization Times. EDAX Revealed That All Remineralizing Agents Had Remineralizing Potential When Applied On Enamel And Dentin Except For Conventional BAG And CPP-ACP When Applied For Two Minutes On Enamel.

Sana M. Mansour, Essam E. Al-wakeel And Neven S. Aref,

ABSTRACT


Purpose: This Study Investigated The Effect Of Microwave Post-polymerization Treatment Of Bulk- Fill Resin Composite Used As Indirect Restoration Regarding; Degree Of Conversion, Surface Micohardness, Compressive Strength And Fracture Toughness.

Materials and Methods: Two Nanohybrid Resin Composites Were Used In The Study; One Is Incrementally-placed And The Other Is Bulk-fill. For Each Test, Ten Specimens Of Each Resin Composite Type Were Prepared According To Manufacturer?s Instructions (group I And II) And Divided Into Two Equal Subgroups; One (Ia And IIa) As A Control And The Other Subgroup (Ib And IIb) Exposed To A Microwave Post-polymerization Treatment At 550 W For 4 Min. The Degree Of Conversion, Compressive Strength, Surface Micohardness And Fracture Toughness Of The Different Groups Were Calculated. Student?s T-test Was Used To Analyze And Compare The Collected Data (p < 0.05).

Results: Bulk-fill Resin Composite Exhibited A Significant Increase In The Compressive Strength, And Fracture Toughness Mean Values Than Those Of The Incrementally-placed One. For Both Incrementally-placed And Bulk-fill Resin Composites, Significant Differences Between The Degree Of Conversion, Compressive Strength, Surface Micohardness And Fracture Toughness Means Of The Microwave-treated Group And Those Of The Control Group Were Detected.

Conclusions: Microwave Post-polymerization Treatment Is A Valuable Technique For Enhancing The Degree Of Conversion, Compressive Strength, Microhardness And Fracture Toughness Of Nanohybrid Resin Composites, Either Bulk-fill Or Incrementally-placed One When Used As Indirect Restoration. Bulk-fill Resin Composite Is A Material Of Choice For Indirect Restorations (inlays And Onlays).

Aliaa A Refaie, Ahmed H Wahba And Salwa M Awad,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Purpose Of This Study Was To Investigate The Effect Of Dentists? Appearance And Decoration Of The Dental Clinic On Child Anxiety Using Frankl Scale For Behaviors And Facial Image Scale. Methods: The Study Was Conducted On 280 Children Their Age Ranged Between 3-6 Years. They Had Been Selected From Pediatric Dentistry Clinic, Faculty Of Dentistry, Mansoura University. The Children Were Randomly Divided Into Two Main Groups According To The Sample Design. In The First Group, Anxiety Of 240 Children Were Evaluated In Relation To Different Variables Of Dentists? Appearance ( Age ,sex ,attire, Protective Wear). In The Second Group, Anxiety Of Other 40 Children Were Evaluated In Relation To Different Clinic Decoration (general Design Or Pediatric Design) Researcher Had Standard Dentists? Appearance (white Coat With Standard Protective Wear). All Participated Children Were Subjected To Examination; Polishing, Excavation (debris, Soft Caries) And Application Of Temporary Filling. Their Behaviors Were Recorded By Researcher According To Frankl Scale And They Asked To Select Their Anxiety Level Using FIS.

Results: In The First Group, Children?s Anxiety Decreased When They Were Treated By Female Operators Wearing Pediatric Coat And Decorated Protective Wear .However, Anxiety Increased With The Operators Wearing Surgical Scrub And Standard Protective Wear. In The Second Group, Children Were Very Happy To Be Treated In Pediatric Dental Clinic Design Over General Dental Clinic Design. There Was High Statistically Significant Difference (p<0.001). Conclusion: Children Have Strong Preferences Regarding The Appearance Of Their Dentist And Dental Clinics .That Could Greatly Improve A Patient?s Perception Of The Care They Receive. Children?s Anxiety Decreased With Female Operators Wearing Pediatric Colored Coat And Decorated Protective Wear. Also, Children Were Very Happy To Be Treated By Operator Of The Same Gender And In Decorated Dental Clinic Design.

Injy A. El-Sebaie, Nagwa A. Ghoname, Hussein I. Saudi And Rasha A. Alm El-Din,

ABSTRACT
It Is A Dental Disaster For Child To Lose His Primary Teeth Before The Age Of Normal Exfoliation. There Is No Better Replacement Than The Natural Tooth When It Is Rendered Free Of Infection.
Objectives: This Study Was Performed To: 1) Evaluate The Clinical And Radiographic Effect Of 3Mix Compared To 15 Concentration Of Buckley?s Formula Of Formocresol As A Pulpotomy Agent In Non-vital Primary Molars. 2) Assess Their Antibacterial Effect Of 3Mix And 15 Concentration Of Buckley?s Formula Of Formocresol.

Materials and Methods: In This Clinical Trial, Non-vital Pulpotomy Was Performed On 60 Primary Mandibular Molars Out Of 30 Children Aged Four To Seven Years. The Teeth Were Randomly Divided Into Two Groups According To The Material Used With 30 Teeth In Each Group. Group I, The Teeth Were Treated In One Visit Using 3 Mix. Group II, The Teeth Were Treated In Two Visits Using 15 Formocresol. All The Teeth Were Sealed With Glass Ionomer Cement Then Finally Restored With Stainless-steel Crowns. Clinical And Radiographic Evaluation Was Carried Out At Three, Six, And Nine Months Intervals. The Antibacterial Effect Of 3 Mix And 15 Formocresol Against Escherichia Coli And Staphylococcus Aureus Were Determined By Agar Diffusion Method. �

Results:�The Overall Clinical Success Rate Was 96.2% In 3Mix Group Compared To 85.1% In Formocresol Group. While, Radiographic Success Rate Was 85.1% And 77.7% In Both Groups Respectively. No Statistically Significant Differences Were Found Between The Two Groups Clinically Or Radiographically. The Antibacterial Results Showed That 3Mix Presented The Largest Inhibitory Zones Against Escherichia Coli And Staphylococcus Aureus Compared To 15 Formocresol With Statistically Significant Difference Between The Two Tested Materials.

Conclusions:�The Triantibiotic Paste (3Mix) Is A Promising Material In Fulfilling Its Role In The Treatment Of Non-vital Primary Molars Through Non-instrumental Endodontic Treatment.

Aisha Ali Abdo Albahbah, Moustafa Abduo Elsyad And Radwa M.K. Emera,

ABSTRACT


Purpose: This Study Aimed To Evaluate Of Different Degrees Of Lingual Implant Inclination On Retention Of Locator Attachments Used For 2-implant Retained Mandibular Overdentures .

Materials and Methods: Four Identical Acrylic Resin Models Representing A Completely Edentulous Mandibular Ridges Were Used. Each Model Received Two Implants Inserted At Canine Area Bilaterally With Different Degree Of Lingual Inclination. Group I (0,control), Group II (5), Group III (10), And Group IV (20). For Each Degree Of Implant Inclination Retention (vertical Dislodging Forces). The Residual Ridge And The Retromlar Regions For Each Acrylic Resin Model Was Covered By Base Plate Wax To Simulate The Oral Mucosa. Four Acrylic, Metal Reinforced Overdenture Was Fabricated And Connected To The Implants Using Locator Attachments. U Tilizing The Universal Testing Machine, Vertical And 3 Types Of Rotational (anterior, Lateral And Posterior) Dislodgments Were Performed On A Metal Plate Attached To The Model With Metal Chains Until The Attachments Separated From The Abutments. The Initial Retentive Force (maximum Dislodging Force) And Final Retention After 540 Cycles Of Insertions And Removals Were Measured For Each Example. Results : For Initial Retentive Force And Retentive Force After Repeated Insertions And Removals, 0 Degree Inclination Recorded The Highest Retentive Forces, Followed By 5 Degrees, And 10 Degrees (whitout Significant Differences ) And 20 Degree Recoreded The Lowest Retention Values.Locator Transparent Recoreded The Highest Retentive Force, Followed By Locator Nylon Pink, Locator Nylon Blue, Locator Nylon Green, And Locator Nylon Red Recorded The Lowest Retention Values.

Conclusions: For Parallel (0o), And Medium (10o) Inclination, The Highest Initial And Final Retention And Stability Was Noted With Transparent Inserts, Followed By Pink Inserts, And Blue Inserts Showed The Lowest Values. For Slight Inclination (5o), The Highest Initial And Final Retention And Stability Was Noted With Blue Inserts. For Sever Implant (20o) Inclination, The Highest Initial And Final Retention And Stability Was Noted With Transparent Inserts And The Lowest Values Were Noted For Red Inserts.