Marwa E. Ahmed, Zoba H. Ali, Nahed A. Khalil And Dina B.E. Farag,

ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetic Complications Are Considered The Major Cause Of Morbidity And Mortality. Ginseng Is Considered As One Of The Promising Valuable Medical Herb Due To Its Various Pharmacological Activities.
Objectives: Evaluate The Therapeutic Effect Of Panax Gingeng Extract On The Submandibular Salivary Gland Of Induced Diabetic Rats. Methods: 30 Adult Male Albino Rats Were Used. The Animals Were Divided Into Three Equal Groups Of 10 Rats Each : (Group I) Normal Control, (Group II) Received A Single Intraperitoneal Injection Of Streptozotocin (35-40 Mg/kg) To Induce Diabetes,(Group III) Represented Diabetic Rats Received Daily Intra Peritoneal Injection Of Panax Ginseng Extract At Dose Of 200 Mg/kg Body Weight. All The Animals In Groups I, II And III Were Sacrificed After 4 Weeks From The Beginning Of Ginseng Extract Treatment. The Submandibular Salivary Glands Were Then Dissected And Subjected To Histological, Immunohistochemical And Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) Examination.

Results: Histologically, Group I (control) Showed Normal Histology Of The Acini And Duct System. Group II, Revealed Seromucous Acini With Massive Intracellular Vacuolizations And Marked Signs Of Degeneration In The Duct System. Group III, Exhibited Almost Normal Glandular Histology. Immunohistochemical Examination Revealed A Statistical Significant Increase In The Expression Of Caspase-3 In Group II As Compared To Group I. On The Other Hand Group III Showed Significant Decrease In Caspase -3 Immuno Expression As Compared To Group II. RT-PCR Analysis Showed A Statistical Significant Increase In The Expression Of RAGE MRNE Gene Expression In Group II As Compared To The Control Group I While Significant Decrease Was Observed In Group III As Compared To Group II.

Conclusions: Panax Ginseng Extract Treatment Led To Marked Attenuation Of The Structural Changes Resulted From Diabetic State In Rat?s Submandibular Salivary Glands.