Radwa Fekri Badran, Enas Hegazy And Laila Sadek Ghali,

ABSTRACT
One Of The Most Widely Used Analgesics Worldwide Is Tramadol1. Tramadol Is A Centrally Acting Analgesic2, Having Dual Mechanism Of Action. As It Binds To �- Opioid Receptors And Inhibits Norepinephrine And Serotonin Reuptake2. The Histopathological Effects Of High Doses Of Chronic Oral Tramadol Have Been Investigated On Different Body Tissues, Brain, Testes, Liver And Kidney3,4,5, Where Distinct Histological Changes Were Observed In All Specimens Of These Different Tissues Proving The Toxicity Of Tramadol. Recently, Addiction Has Been Reported As Another Chronic Side Effect Of Tramadol. As There Have Been A Number Of Reports Of Dependence And Withdrawal Were Recognized6-9.

Materials and Methods: Fifty Adult Male Albino Rats Grouped Into Two Groups: Group (1) Served As A Control Group And Group (2), Which Received 60 Mg/ Kg Of Oral Tramadol For Three Months. At The End Of The Three Months, Half Of The Animals Of Both Groups Were Sacrificed And The Other Half Were Allowed For Four Weeks Recovery Period. The Jaws Were Dissected Out And Prepared For Histological And Immunohistochemical Examination To Detect Histological Changes That May Be Occurred, To Demonstrate Fibronectin And To Detect Apoptosis.

Results: The Histological And Immunohistochemical Results Showed The Degenerative Effect Of Long-term Tramadol On PDL And Alveolar Bone. These Effects Were Reversible On Tramadol Withdrawal.