Shaza Mohammad Hammad , Noha AbdelMawla El-wassefy, Ahmad Mohammed Hafezand Nasser AbdelGader Abubaker .,

ABSTRACT


Introduction: Friction In Orthodontics Should Be Controlled During All Stages Of Treatment, Especially The Space Closure Stage. If The Friction Resistance Is High, Slow Progress And Unnecessary Elongation Of The Treatment Time Might Result. Consequently, A Practitioner Must Apply Greater Mechanical Forces To Overcome The Frictional Force Progressively Throughout The Treatment. Friction Is Affected By Physical And Biological Factors. The Physical Factors Have Been Thoroughly Studied In The Literature. These Physical Factors Are Related To The Bracket And Archwire Properties And The Ligation Methods. The Current Knowledge On The Subject Is Based On In Vitro Studies That, In Most Instances, Produced Conflicting Results. This Could Be Due To The Inherent Limitations Of These Studies As Standardization Of Methods. Objective: This Article Debated How Can Multi-variables Affect The Frictional Resistance During The Orthodontic Tooth Movement Stage. Abbreviations Stainless Steel: St.St Nickel Titanium: NiTi Titanium Molybdenum Alloy: TMA Herbal Mouthwash: HMW Sodium Fluoride: NaF