A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_URI::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/URI.php

Line Number: 101

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Router::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Router.php

Line Number: 127

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/system/core/Exceptions.php:271)

Filename: core/Security.php

Line Number: 274

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$benchmark is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$hooks is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$log is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$utf8 is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$exceptions is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$router is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$output is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$security is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$input is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$lang is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$load is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 78

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::open($save_path, $name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php

Line Number: 129

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php

Line Number: 280

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::read($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php

Line Number: 151

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php

Line Number: 208

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php

Line Number: 297

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php

Line Number: 335

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 282

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_set_cookie_params(): Session cookie parameters cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 289

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 304

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 314

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 315

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 316

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 317

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 375

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$db is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 396

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_DB_mysqli_driver::$failover is deprecated

Filename: database/DB_driver.php

Line Number: 371

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 110

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 143

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$session is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Javascript::$CI is deprecated

Filename: libraries/Javascript.php

Line Number: 81

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 9
Function: library

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Jquery::$CI is deprecated

Filename: Javascript/Jquery.php

Line Number: 110

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 9
Function: library

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: strpos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated

Filename: libraries/Javascript.php

Line Number: 657

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 9
Function: library

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$jquery is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 9
Function: library

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Javascript::$js is deprecated

Filename: libraries/Javascript.php

Line Number: 86

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 9
Function: library

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$javascript is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 9
Function: library

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$form_validation is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 10
Function: library

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$mode is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 13
Function: model

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$Image_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 14
Function: model

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$benchmark is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 139
Function: view

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$hooks is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 139
Function: view

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 139
Function: view

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$log is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 139
Function: view

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$utf8 is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 139
Function: view

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 139
Function: view

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$exceptions is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 139
Function: view

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$router is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 139
Function: view

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$output is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 139
Function: view

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$security is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 139
Function: view

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$input is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 139
Function: view

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$lang is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 139
Function: view

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$load is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 139
Function: view

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$db is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 139
Function: view

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$session is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 139
Function: view

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$jquery is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 139
Function: view

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$javascript is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 139
Function: view

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$form_validation is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 139
Function: view

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$mode is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 139
Function: view

File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

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Severity: 8192

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EDJ

SINGLE IMPLANT SUPPORTED MANDIBULAR OVERDENTURE, 3D FINITE ELEMENT STUDY

Emad Mohamed T. Agamy, Iman A. Elasfahani And Haytham M. AbdelAal,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Distribution Of Stresses In Single Implant Supported Mandibular Over Denture, By Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis (3D FEA).

Materials and Methods: A 3D Finite Element Model Of Mandibular Overdentures Was Established, Using Single Implant With Ball And Socket Attachment. The Implant Was Inserted At The Position Of Central Incisor Area. Two Types Of Loads Were Applied To The Model: Total Of 150 N Vertical And 45 Degree Oblique Loads On The Right First Premolar, Second Premolar And First Molar. The Distribution Around Peri-implant Bone, Implant, Mucosa And Overdentures Were Recorded.

Results: The Maximum Recorded Stresses Under Vertical Loading Were 25 Mpa While Under Oblique Loading Were 36.5 Mpa. No Failure Occurred In Any Part Of The Model. All Maximum Stresses Were Less Than The Yield Strength And Within The Biological Range. Conclusion And Clinical Significance: Single-implant-retained Mandibular Overdentures Do Not Show Damaging Stress Concentration Neither In The Bone Around The Implant, Different Supporting Structures Nor The Prosthesis. In This Regard It May Be Considered A Cost Effective Treatment Option For Edentulous Patients.

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