Hanaa Salem Moubarak, Tarek Ahmed Essawyand Saher Sayed Mohammed,

ABSTRACT
Potassium Bromate (KBrO3) Is A Strong Oxidizing Agent Involved In Many Food And Cosmetic Industries. It Is Used Mainly As A Flourimprover. This Compound Was Found To Be Toxic To Animal And Human Body Organs And Was Classifiedas B2 (probable Human) Carcinogen And Health Organizations Started Banning It. However, It Is Still Used In Bakeries In Large Amounts. The Aim Of This Study Was To Investigate The Effect Of KBrO3 Administration On Parotid Gland Of Adult Male Albino Rats. 60 Adult Male Albino Rats Weighting ~ 200 Gm Were Divided Equally Into 3 Groups: Control, Experimental Group I (gp I) And Experimental Group II (gp II). Control Group, Received Distilled Water And The Experimental Gps. Received 62 And 123 Mg\kg KBrO3 Respectively Dissolved In Distilled Water Orally On A Daily Basis For 2 And 4 Months. Histopathological Examination Of Specimens In Experimental Groups Revealed Histological Alternations And Dysplastic Changes That Increased As Increasing The Dose And The Duration. Distended Acini With Vacuolated Cytoplasm, Nuclear Changes (hypertrophy, Pleomorphism And Hyperchromatism), Abnormal Mitotic Figures,dilated Ducts With Thin Atrophied Lining And Stagnant Secretions, Dilated Congested Blood Vessels, Fibrosisand Inflammatorycell Infiltrationwere The Main Histological Changes Observed. Immunohistochemical Results Showed Significantincrease In Immunoreactivity Of PCNA In KBrO3 Treated Groups Compared To The Control Group. In Conclusion KBrO3 Was Proved To Cause A Dose And Time Dependent Carcinogenic Effect On Parotid Salivary Gland Of Adult Male Albino Rats.

Samar Saleh Mahmoud*, Mohammed Nasser Mohammed Anwar** , Omaima Hassan Ghallab*** And Mokhtar Nagi Ibrahim***,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: This Study Was Conducted To Evaluate The Effect Of Different Curing System Of Self-etch Adhesives(SEA) On Shear Bond Strength(SBS) And Nano-leakage(NL) Of A Light-cured And Dual-cured Composite Core MaterialMethods: For Shear Bond Strength Testing, 150 Bovine Permanent Anterior Teeth Were Used In This Study. Teeth Were Grinding To Expose Super-facial Dentin Layer And Smear Layer Was Subsequently Formed. The Teeth Were Randomly Divided Into Three Experimental Groups (n= 50 Teeth/group) According To Adhesive System Application (A1=self-cured Tokuyama Universal Adhesive,A2=light-cured Futura Bond M+,A3=dual-cured Futura Bond DC). Then Each Group Was Divided Into 2 Sub-groups According To The Applied Core Material (B1=light-cured Xtra Filbulk Material,B2=Dual-cured Estecore Material) Each Material Was Used According To Manufacturers? Instructions. Specimens Were Stored In 100% Relative Humidity For 24 Hours. SBS Test Was Run At A Crosshead Speed Of 0.5 Mm/min Using A Universal Testing Machine. For Nano-leakage Testing, 18 Adhesive/resin Tooth Specimens Were Assigned With The Same Groups And Subgroups (n = 3) As For SBS Testing. Specimens Were Evaluated Using SEM Operated In The Backscattered Mode To Detect Dye Penetration. The Bond Strength Data And Nano-leakage Statistical Analysis Were Subjected To One And Two-way ANOVA Followed By Tukey Post Hoc Test. Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficientwas Used To Study The Correlation Between Them.

Results: The Results Showed That The Light-cured Adhesive Exhibited The Significanthighest SBS Values And The Lowest NL Followed By Self-cured Adhesive Then Dual-cured. Light-cured Xtrafillbulk Material Showed Higher SBS Values And NL Values Than Estecore Dual-cured Core Material. A Medium Positive Correlation Was Found Between SBS And NL Readings.

Conclusions: Light-cured 10-MDP Based SEA Remain To Be The Most Efficientsystem Light Curing Of The Dual Cured Resin Cement Was Crucial To Achieve High SBS Values. Dual-cured Composite Core Material Offers Low Degree Of Nano-leakage. There Was A Positive Direct Correlation Between The Shear Bond Strength And The Degree Of Nano-leakage Of Resin Material.

Nihal Mohamed Darwish , Safa Fathy And Heba Mahmoud Dhmoush ,

ABSTRACT
Background: BPs Have Been Widely Used For The Management Of Osteoporosis. Since Tooth Extractions Are Common Dental Procedures In The Elderly, Therefore, It Is More Crucial For Dentists To Understand The Effect Of BPs On Tooth Extraction Wound Healing To Establish Better Informed Postextraction Care. This Study Was Aimed To Assess The Impact Of Oral And The Intravenous Administration Of Bisphosphonates On Bone Healing After Tooth Extraction And Compare The Histopathological And Radiographic Density Of The Alveolar Bone Associated With Both Ways Of Administration.

Materials and Methods: 52 Rats Were Used In The Present Study, Divided Into 3 Groups. Control Group (10 Rats With No BPs Therapy), Oral Group {21 Rats Who Received Oral BPs (Fosamex, 0.21mg/day) And Intraperitoneal Group ( 21 Rats Who Received IV BPs (Zometa, 0.01 Mg IP Injection Once) Then After 1 Week Of Drug Administration, The Firstlower Left Molar Of All Groups Was Extracted. Rats Were Killed After 2, 4 And 6 Weeks From Extraction And The Dissected Mandibule Was Evaluated Histologically And Radiographically (table 1).

Results: In The Extraction Side, The IPG Showed More Increase In The Bone Density In The 2 And 4 Week Interval Than The NCG And The OG However, BRONJ Was Significantlyhigher In The 6 Week Interval Of The IPG. In The Non- Extraction Side The Area% Of The Bone In The 3 Groups Was Close In The 2 And 4 Week Intervals But Deterioration Of The Bone Condition Was Seen In The OG And The IPG At 6 Week Compared To NCG.Conclusion: IV BPs Show Rapid Initial Increase In The Bone Density More Than The Oral BPs However On The Long Term It Results In Delayed Healing Of Extraction Socket And Decrease Bone Density.

Azza M. Osama Ali, Amr Helmy Moustafa El Bolok, Safaa Marzouk Tohamy And Hanan Eid Gamal,

ABSTRACT
Background: Apigenin Has Effective Cytotoxic Anticancer Properties And Was Used For Treatment Of Variety Of Malignancies. The Aim Of The Study Is To Investigate The Effect Of Apigenin (Apig) And Apigenin Loaded Nanoparticles (Apig NPs) On Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line (HEP-2). Material & Method: Treatment Of Cell Line (HEp-2) By Different Concentrations Of Apig And Apig NPs Was Done To Assess The Viability Of The Treated Cells To Determine The Percentages Of Viable Cells That Was Monitored Using MTT Assay.

Results: The Mean Viability Percentage Of Apig Treated Cells (in Relation To Control Cells) Decreases From 103.69% To 14.41% As Apig Concentration Increased From 1.22 To 2500 MM With An IC50 Of 51.46 MM And Apig NPs Decreased The Cells Viability From 98.11% To 12.25% As Apig NPs Concentration Increased From .24 MM To 500 MM With An IC50 Of .89. Morphometric Analysis Showed A Decrease In Nuclear Area Factor (NAF) Which Is An Indicator Of Apoptosis As Concentrations Increased. The Results Were Statistically Significant Conclusion: Apig And Apig NPs Have A Significant Anticancer Efect On Hep-2 Cell Line.KEY WORDS: Apigenin, Apigenin Loaded Nano Particles, Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line (HEp-2), MTT Assay.Abbreviations: Apigenin (Apig), Loaded Nano Particles (NPs), Nuclear Area Factor (NAF), Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

Ahmed Y. El-Refaay, Manal R. Hassan And Raiesa M. Mohammed,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Purpose Of This Study Was To Assess Fracture Resistance Of Endocrown Of Premo-lars Constructed Of Two Different Materials Namely IPS E.max CAD And Hybrid Ceramic Compared To Conventional Post And Core And IPS E.max Full Coverage Crown. Materials And Methods : Thirty Sound Extracted Human Single Rooted Premolars (N =30) Were Endodontically Treated. Standardized Preparations Were Done With 5 Mm Intracoronal Extensions Into The Pulp Chamber And Divided Into 3 Groups Of Each (n=10). Group A: Specimens Involved Endodontically Treated (ET) Premolars Restored With Glass Fiberposts Cemented With Rely X Cement, Composite Cores Were Built Up And IPS E.max CAD Full Coverage Crowns (control Group) .Group B: Specimens Involved ET Premolars Restored With Hybrid Ceramic Vita Enamic Endocrown. Group C: Specimens Involved ET Premolars Restored With IPS E.max CAD Endocrown. Each Group Was Subdivided Into Two Sub-groups According To Marginal Design, 5 Specimens With 1.5 Mm Ferrule And 5 Specimens Without Ferrule. Specimens Were Subjected To Thermal Cycling (5000 Cycles) And Fatigue By Cyclic Loading (75,000 Cycles) In Order To Simulate A Clinical Service Time Of 6 Months And Were Mounted In A Universal Testing Machine(instron) And Then They Subjected To Vertical Compres-sion Load Until Failure. Data Were Collected, Tabulated And Statically Analyzed). Two-way ANOVA Used To Show The Effect Of Different Groups And Design On Fracture Resistance (N) Followed By Mul-tiple Comparison With Bonferroni Correction. Chi-square Test Used To Show The Effect Of Different Groups And Design For Failure Mode Analysis. Result: The Highest Fracture Resistance Mean Value Was Recorded For E.max CAD Endocrown With Ferrule Group (1409.62?255.01 N) While The Lowest Fracture Resistance Mean Value Was Re-corded For E.max Crown Without Ferrule Group (723.48?43.46 N). Difference Between Different Treatment Modalities And Different Marginal Design Preparation Was Significant(p<0.05) While Dif-ference Between Different Materials Was Insignificant.Conclusion:1.The Deep Chamfer Finishline Marginal Design Increases The Fracture Resistance Of Endocrowns Than Butt-joint Marginal Design.2. Endocrowns With Sufficientferrule Were Found To Be A Successful Mean Of Restoring Mutilated Endodontically Treated Single Rooted Premolars.3.VITA ENAMIC And E.max CAD Endocrowns Are Better Than Fiberpost And Core Supported E.max CAD Crowns In Terms Of Fracture Resistance .

Ebrahim Ali Ahmed Ismail Alsharafi And Khaled Ibrahim Abd El-Aziz Barakat,

ABSTRACT


Purpose: The Objective Of This Study Was To Compare The Clinical And Radiographic Assessment When Right / Left Mandibular Angle Fractures Treated With Two Miniplates Via Transbuccal System. It Does Not Affect The Time Used, Cost, And Bone Density Between The Two Sides.Patient And Methods: The Current Study Was Conducted On Twelve Patients Diagnosed And Treated At The Out Patient Clinic And General Anesthesia Theatre Unite Of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty Of Dentistry, Minia University Dental Hospital (MUDH). Eight Of Them Were Males While Four Of Them Were Females With The Age Ranged From (16 - 50) Years. All Patients Suffered From Bilateral Mandibular Angle Fracture. Six Patients Were Treated Via Open Reduction And Internal Fixationin The Firstgroup (right Angular Fracture) Group A, And Group B (left Angular Fracture) Using Two Miniplates.

Results: The Results Concluded That There Were No Significantdifferences In Postoperative And Radiographic Assessment Between The Two Groups. Conclusion: We Concluded That Both Right And Left Mandibular Angle That Treated With Two Miniplates Technique Were Equally Effective.Although There Is A Common Idea That The Right Side Of The Mandible Is Preferable To The Left Side Of Many Surgeons, Which Can Produce Better Results.

Ahmed Salah Abbas, Yasser Fathi Hussein And Mohammed Mustafa Zayed,

ABSTRACT
Aim Of The Study: This Study Was Carried Out To Investigate The Effect Of Thermocycling On Shear Bond Strength Of Conventional Highly Viscous Glass Ionomer (CHVGI), Ceramic Reinforced Glass Ionomer (CRGI) And Glass Ionomer With Hybrid Technology (GIHT) To Nano-hybrid Composite (NHCR) And Nanofilled Resin-based Composite (NRC)

Materials and Methods: A Total Of One Hundred And Twenty Human Maxillary Firstand Second Premolars Were Invested In Acrylic Resin Blocks. The Proximal Surfaces Were Grinded Parallel To The Long Axis Of The Tooth To Obtain A Flatsurface. Then A Cavity Of 4 Mm Diameter And 2 Mm Depth Was Prepared To Retain The Liner. The Samples Are Divided Into Six Groups (A-F). Groups (A-C), Glass Ionomer Restoration Was Bonded To Nano-hybrid Composite Resin And Groups (D-F), Glass Ionomer Restorations Were Bonded To Nano-filledcomposite Resin, Half Pf Samples In Each Group Were Subjected To Thermocycling At 1000 Cycles.

Results: Based On The Effect Of Thermocycling: The Shear Bond Strength Between (CHVGI) And (NHCR) (2.41?0.49 Mpa: Megapascal) Is Higher Than The Shear Bond Strength Between (CHVGI) And (NRC) (2.01?0.60Mpa). The Shear Bond Strength Between (CRGI) With (NHCR) (2.00?0.83Mpa) Is Less Than The Shear Bond Strength Between (CRGI) And (NCR) (5.71?0.61Mpa). The Shear Bond Strength Between (GIHT) And (NHCR) (2.31?1.12Mpa) Is Less Than The Shear Bond Strength Between (GIHT) And (NCR) (3.51?1.24 Mpa). Conclusion: Thermocycling Has A Negative Significantstatistical Effect On Shear Bond Strength Between High Viscous Glass Ionomer And Nanohybrid Composite Resin, High Viscous Glass Ionomer And Nanofilledcomposite Resin, Ceramic Reinforced Glass Ionomer And Nanofilledcomposite Resin, Glass Ionomer With Hybrid Technology With Nanohybrid Composite Resin. Thermocycling Has No Significantstatistical Effect On Shear Bond Strength Between Ceramic Reinforced Glass Ionomer And Nanohybrid Composite Resin, Glass Ionomer With Hybrid Technology And Nanofilledcomposite Resin.

Ramy Salah Sadeek, Khalid Mohamed Noaman And Yasser Abdel Aziz Abed,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To Investigate The Degree Of Mineral Penetration And Number Of Occluded Dentinal Tubules Under The Following Variables, Two Remineralizing Agents, Effect Of Smear Layer And Surface Treatment With Nd: YAG Laser Irradiation At 24 H And 3 Months.

Materials and Methods: Eighty Sound Human Maxillary Premolers Were Randomly Assigned Into Two Equal Groups, N=40, According To The Type Of Remineralizing Agent ( Novamin And CAsien ), Smear Layer Were Created On Half Of The Samples, N=20, Followed By Application Of Nd: YAG Laser On Ten Samples. Occlusive Percentage And Degree Of Mineral Penetration Were Measured By Scanning Electron Microscope ? Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry At Baseline And After 3 Months.

Results: Novamin Containing Groups Showed Higher Statistically Significantincrease In Occlusion Percentage Of Dentinal Tubules Than Casein Phosphopeptides, On The Other Hand They Showed No Significantdifference In The Percentage Of Mineral Penetration. Also, All Groups That Had Smear Layer And Groups That Had Laser Application Showed Significanthigher Occlusion Percentage Than Their Counterpart With No Significantdifference In The Percentage Of Mineral Penetration. Occlusion Percentage Was Significantlyhigher At 24 Hours Storage While Percentage Of Mineral Penetration Was Significantly Higher At 3 Months Storage Time.Conclusion. The Application Of Novamin And Casein Were Effective In Dentinal Tubules Occlusion Percentage And Increase Degree Of Mineral Penetration Together With Laser Application And Presence Of Smear Layer.

Asmaa Mahmoud Abdeen, Tarik Essawy And Saher Sayed Mohammed,

ABSTRACT
Background: Sofosbuvir (SOF) Was Published In 2013 As A Part Of First-linetreatment For Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) By The American Association For The Study Of Liver Diseases . SOF Was Recommended For All Genotypes With A Cure Rate Greater Than 90%. Objective: Investigating Sofosbuvir-induced Alterations In The Rat Submandibular Salivary Gland (SMSG) Histologically And Immunohistochemically. Methodology: 80 Adult Rats Weighing About ?150 Gm Were Divided Into 2 Groups, Group I (control Group) And Group II (experimental Group) Divided In To 3 Subgroups And Received SOF 40 Mg/kg/day For 1, 2 And 3 Months. All Animals Were Sacrificed,SMSG Were Dissected And Specimens Were Examined Histologically And Immunohistochemically.

Results: Compared To Group I, Group II Subgroup (1) And (2) Showed Acinar And Ductal Vacuolization, Oedema, Discontinuity Of The Epithelial Lining With Retained Coagulum In The Granular Convoluted Tubules (GCTs). These Changes Were Found To Be Exaggerated In Subgroup (3) Accompanied By Acinar And Ductal Shrinkage And Loss Of Gland Compactness. A Statistically Highly Significantdecrease In PCNA Immunoreaction Was Noticed In Experimental Group From Subgroup (1) To Subgroup (3). Conclusion: SOF Had Affected The Structure And Function Of SMSG Through Increased Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Levels Leading To Degenerative Changes.

Dalia Mostafa El Naggar, Ahmed Mohamed Alam-Eldein, Maha Mostafa Halim And Hoda Mohammed Amin Rashad,

ABSTRACT


Purpose: The Purpose Of This Study Was To Detect The Effect Of Accelerating Aging On Wear Of Clips In A Bar Retained Maxillary Implant Overdenture.

Materials and Methods: Four Implants Were Placed In A Maxillary Edentulous Epoxy Model With Two Bar Attachments And A Two Clip Overdenture.Initial Photos And Roughness Of The Clips Were Measured Before Applying Insertion Removal Cycles. After 540 Cycles (6 Month) And 1080 Cycles (1 Year) Of Insertion Removal On A Chewing Simulator, The Clips Were Observed Under The Microscope Using Scanning Electron Microscope And Surface Roughness Was Measured.

Results: Minor Cracks, Surface Irregularities And Some Roughness Were Seen In Scanning Electron Microscope Of Clips After 540 Cycles While Numerous Horizontal Vertical And Oblique Scratches With Greater Roughness Were Detected After 1080 Cycles.

Conclusions:. Scanning Electron Microscope Of The Clips Revealed Surface Changes And Roughness After 540 And 1080 Insertion Removal Cycles.