Alaa M. Akmal, Yousreya A. Shalaby And Amir S. Azer,

ABSTRACT
Background: The Accuracy Of The Marginal Adaptation Of A Crown Margin To The Abutment Is A Trigger That Influencesthe Survival And Efficiencyof Fixedprosthodontics. Inaccurate Marginal Adaptation Is Potentially Detrimental To The Tooth And The Supporting Periodontal Structures. These Days Improved Vision Is Essential In All Dental Fields Enhancing Precision And Perfection.
Objectives: To Evaluate The Effect Of Two Different Magnificationapproaches On The Marginal Fitof CAD/CAM Monolithic Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic Crowns.

Materials and Methods: In-vitro Study Using 24 Upper Right Cuspid Typodont Teeth; Divided Into Three Groups According To Tooth Preparation Approach (n=8). Group I (control Group) Teeth Preparation Without Magnification(control Group), Group II Teeth Preparation Using The Dental Loupes With 3.5x Magnificationand Group III Preparation Using The Dental Operating Microscope (DOM) Under Magnificationof 16x. Optical Impressions Were Taken Through Scanning By Sirona InEOS X5 Extra-oral Scanner Where Full Anatomical Crowns Were Structured, Processed, Sintered And Glazed. CBCT Was Utilized To Evaluate The Marginal Gapes Before And After Cementation/aging.

Results: Marginal Gaps Were Significantlyincreased After Cementation And Aging In All Groups Yet Still Within The Acceptable Marginal Gap Range. Group III Showed The Least Marginal Gap Followed By Group II & Group I Respectively.

Conclusions: Magnificationdevices Are Highly Recommended As A Major Assistant In The Daily Dental Work. Operating Microscopy OM Is A Significantsupplement To The Armamentarium Of Present-day Dentistry. It Helps Set The Bar Of Excellence And Flawlessnessat The Highest Level Including All Dental Fields.

Mohammed Ali Mohammed,Yasser Fathi Hussein And Mohammed Mustafa Zayed,

ABSTRACT
Aim Of The Study: The Present Study Was Conducted To Compare The Microtensile Bond Strength Of All In One Adhesive Systems With Different Functional Monomers To Nano-filledresin Based Composite And Bulk Fill Compsite.

Materials and Methods: A Total Of 40 Intact Human Molar Teeth Were Cleaned And The Occlusal Enamel Of The Teeth Was Removed. The Exposed Dentin Surfaces Were Polished And Rinsed, And The Different Adhesives Were Applied. A Bulk-fillcomposite Resin And A Nano-filledcomposite Resin Were Applied To Form Specimens Of 4 Mm Height And 6 Mm Diameter. The Specimens Were Sectioned Perpendicular To The Adhesive Interface To Produce Dentin?resin Composite Sticks, With An Adhesive Area Of Approximately 1 Mm2. The Sticks Were Subjected To Tensile Loading Until Failure Occurred.

Results: The Results Showed That The Microtensile Bond Strength Of The MDP Functional Monomer Containing Adhesive Was Higher Than That Of 3D-SR Functional Monomer Containing Adhesive Even When Using Different Types Of Composite Resins. Conclusion: It Was Concluded That, Regarding To The Microtensile Strength, The Different Functional Monomers Have A Direct Impact On The Adhesive Bonding Efficiencyeither Due To Its Chemical Composition Or Due To Its PH Values, And That The 10-MDP Monomer Present In Clearfiltri-s Bond Stands Out For Its Higher Bond Strength Values Even With Different Types Of Resin Composite.

Hasan N Abdulqadeer , Lamia E Dawood And Tawakol A Enab,

ABSTRACT
Aim Of Study: The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Effect Of Different Types Of Translucent Zirconia On The Fracture Resistance Of Posterior Laminate Veneers.

Materials and Methods: Thirty Maxillary Firstpremolar Teeth Were Fabricated With Ceramic Laminate Veneers And Divided Into 3 Groups According To Types Of Translucent Zirconia Used: Group T Specimens Receiving Tetragonal Zirconia Veneers Milled From Nacera Peral. Group C: Specimens Receiving Cubic Zirconia Veneers Milled From DDCubeX2. Group TC: Specimens Receiving Tetragonal/cubic Zirconia Veneers Milled From Zolid Fx. Load Of Fracture Was Tested By Using The Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Collected Data Were Statistically Analyzed Using One-way Analysis Of Variance ANOVA Followed By Tukey?s Multiple Comparison Test.

Results: The Result Of The Fracture Load Test Were Recorded In Newton: Group T: 317.45N; Group C: 313.03N; Group TC: 400.66N. Statistical Analysis Showed That The Result Of The TC Group Was Significantlyhigher Than Those Of The Two Other Groups, While There Is No Significant Diference Between Groups T And C. Conclusion: The Change In Yttrium Content And Composition Resulted In Significanteffect On The Fracture Load Of Laminate Veneer Made From Translucent Zirconia.

Manar Said Abdel Hafiz Al Sharif, Kamal Mohamed El-Motayam And Hany Mohamed Saber,

ABSTRACT
Background: Oral Health Is Fundamental To General Health And Well-being. A Healthy Mouth Enables An Individual To Speak, Eat And Socialize Without Experiencing Active Disease, Discomfort Or Embarrassment.Dental Caries Is The Most Common Dental Disease. Although, It Is A Preventable And Reversible Process But When Left Untreated It Results In Pain, Speech Disorders And Premature Tooth Loss With Its Sequelae Of Compromised Chewing And Harm To The Permanent Dentition, Defective Growth And Development In Addition To High Treatment Costs.

Aim: This Study Was Conducted To Evaluate Knowledge, Attitude And Practices In A Group Of Egyptian Dentists Towards Preventive Measures In Pediatric Dentistry. Participants And Methods: This Cross-sectional Study Was Conducted In Cairo, Egypt At Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty Of Dentistry-Cairo University And The Outpatient Dental Clinics At Police Academy Hospital.Data Were Collected Through A KAP Questionnaire Based Survey. A Convenient Consecutive Sampling Was Applied To Include All Postgraduate Dentists At Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty Of Dentistry-Cairo University And All Dentists Working At The Out-patient Dental Clinics At Police Academy Hospitals. Questionnaire Was In English Language And Consisted Of 37 Questions; 36 Binary Questions (Yes/ No) And One Open Ended Question ,related To KAP Of Egyptian Dentists On Different Preventive Measures In Pediatric Dentistry And Their Relationship To Practitioner Gender, Nature Of Primary Practice, Total Year In Practice And Scientific Degree.A Total Number Of One-hundred And Thirteen (113) Questionnaires Were Distributed On All Dentists Available At The Time Of Recruitment. The Participants Who Were Unwilling To Participate Or Absent On The Days Of The Questionnaire Were Not Included In The Study.

Results: The Levels Of Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Were Higher Among Participating Dentists From Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty Of Dentistry, Cairo University. There Was No Statistically Significance Between Both Groups Except For The Level Of Practice.

Conclusions: The Results Of This Study Concluded That There Is A Strong Need For Education Of Egyptian Dentists About Preventive Measures In Pediatric Dentistry To Ensure Providing The Ultimate Dental Care For Pediatric Patients In Egypt.

Asmaa R. Latif, Dina F. Ahmed And Mohamed K. Zayet,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Aim Of This Study Was To Reveal The Effect Of Using Ultra-low Dose Protocol Of Planmeca ProMax 3D Mid Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Scanner On The Identification Of Anatomical Landmarks For Pre-operative Implant Planning. Subjects And Methods: Thirty Two CBCT Scans For 27 Patients Were Taken Using Planmeca ProMax 3D Mid Scanner. Half Of The Scans Were Taken With The Manufacturer?s Recommended Exposure Parameters (standard Protocol) And The Other Half Were Taken With The Ultra-low Dose Protocol. Identification Of Nine Maxillary And Mandibular Anatomical Landmarks By Three Observers Was Performed According To Four-point Scale. Additionally, Intra-observer And Inter-observer Agreement Were Performed.

Results: Statistical Analysis Revealed That The Results Of The Ultra-low Dose Protocol Were Comparable To That Of The Manufacturer?s Recommended Exposure Parameters. The Average Mean Value Of The Total Identified Anatomical Landmarks Using Ultra-low Dose Protocol Was Almost The Same As That Of The Manufacturer?s Recommended Exposure Parameters. The Approximated Average Mean Value Was 3.55 In Both Protocols. The Intra-observer And Inter-observer Agreement Ranged From Substantial To Excellent.

Conclusions: Images Taken By Ultra-low Dose Protocol Of Planmeca Promax 3D Mid CBCT Scanner Have The Same Degree Of Appropriateness In Identification Of Implant-related Anatomical Landmarks When Compared With Those Taken With Manufacturer?s Recommended Dose.

Yasmeen S. Abo El-Ela, Rasha M. Abdelraouf And Gihan A. Abdel Rahman,

ABSTRACT


Aim: This Study Evaluated The Color Change Of Amine Free Dual Cured Resin Cement; (NX3) Versus Amine Containing One; (Variolink II) In Three Storage Media (in Air, Distilled Water And Coffee).The Degree Of Conversion And Water Sorption Of Both Cements Were Also Investigated.

Materials and Methods: Two Dual Cured Resin Cements Were Used (n=58); NX3 (amine Free) And Variolink II (amine Containing) And Heat Pressed Ceramic: IPS E-max Press LT. The Specimens Were Divided Into Two Main Groups According To The Type Of Resin Cement Used: Group 1 (control): Variolink II (n=29), Group2: NX3 (n=29).In Each Group, Three Main Tests Were Performed: I) Evaluation Of Color Change By Spectrophotometer (n=15), II) Evaluation Of Degree Of Conversion By ATR/FTIR (n=7), III) Evaluation Of Water Sorption By Digital Balance (n=7).

Results: The Two-way ANOVA Of The ?Es Suggested That The Two Main Factors And Their Interaction Were Significant. In Both Air And Distilled Water Variolink II Showed Significantly Higher Mean Color Change Value Than NX3 After One And Two Weeks. However After Six Weeks, Non-significant Difference Was Found Between The Two Groups. On The Other Hand, Within The Coffee Subgroup Variolink II Showed The Higher Significant Mean Color Change Value Than NX3 After One And Six Weeks? Time Interval. For The Degree Of Conversion Test, The Two-way ANOVA Was Also Used. There Was No Significant Difference In The Degree Of Conversion Of Variolink II And NX3 In Most Time Intervals (immediately After Curing And After One Hour). For The Water Sorption Test, One-way ANOVA Was Used. No Statistically Significant Difference Was Found Between Variolink II And NX3.

Conclusions: The Chemical Composition Of Dual Cured Resin Cements Has Significant Effect On Their Initial Color Stability, Where The Amine Free Resin Cement (NX3) Showed Lower Initial Discoloration Than The Amine Containing (Variolink II) In The First And Second Weeks. However, After Six Weeks Storage In Most Storage Media (air And Distilled Water) The Color Changes Were Insignificant In Both Groups.

Hamza Sahar, Abdelazim Mohamed And Gawdat Shaimaa,

ABSTRACT
This Study Was To Evaluate The Effect Of Propolis Compared To Calcium Hydroxide As Intracanal Medicaments On Postoperative Pain In Patients With Necrotic Pulp With Or Without Asymptomatic Periapical Periodontitis During Two Visit Treatment. Methods: Fifty Six Participants With Necrotic Pulp In Single Root Single Canal Teeth Were Included In This Study. After Confirming The Diagnosis Clinically And Radiographically, Access Cavity In Single Canal Teeth Was Done Under Rubber Dam Isolation Using A Sterile Round Bur And Flared By Tapered Round Stone. Cleaning And Shaping Was Done Using Crown-down Technique With Coronal Preflaring Using Sx At Coronal Two Thirds For Establishing Straight Line Access. ProTaper Universal Nickel-titanium Rotary Files System Was Used For Mechanical Preparation Using MAF (F2 Till F5) According To The Resistance Of The Hand Files. Canal Was Irrigated Between Every Subsequent Instrument With 3mL Of 2.5 % Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl). Final Irrigant Rinse Was Done, Before Application Of Intracanal Medicament Using 5ml Of 17% EDTA Solution Followed By 5ml Of 2.5% NaOCl With Saline In Between And The Canal Was Dried Using Sterile Paper Points. Then Patients Were Randomly Assigned Into Two Equal Groups (calcium Hydroxide Group And Propolis Group), The Intracanal Medicament Assigned Was Applied And Then The Access Cavity Was Sealed. Patients Were Instructed To Rate Their Post-operative Pain Score At 24, 48, 72 Hours Then After 7 Days At The Day Of The Second Visit By Using The Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NRS). After 7 Days The Intracanal Medicament Was Removed Then Root Canal Was Obturated.

Results: The Results Of This Study Showed That There Was No Statistically Significant Difference In Reduction Of Post-operative Pain Between Calcium Hydroxide Paste And Propolis Paste In Patient With Necrotic Pulp At 24 Hours, 72 Hours And 7 Days. However, There Was A Statistically Significant Difference In Reduction Of Post-operative Pain Intensity Between Two Groups At 48 Hours.

Conclusions: Propolis Was More Effective In The Reduction Of The Intensity Of Post-operative Pain After 48 Hours Compared To Calcium Hydroxide.

Ali Mostafa Shamaa, Randa Mohamed Hafez And Mai Mamdouh Mohamed ,

ABSTRACT


Aim: To Assess The Antibacterial Effect Of Nano Silver Fluoride After Its Application On Occlusal Carious Molars After Partial Caries Removal, Using Chlorhexidine As A Control.

Materials and Methods: Forty-four Participants Each With One Carious Molar Were Recruited From Outpatient Clinic Of Conservative Dentistry Department. After A Cavity Outline Was Made To Access The Carious Lesion Beyond Dentin-enamel Junction With Subsequent Partial Caries Removal, Cavities Were Randomly Allocated Into Two Groups According To The Type Of Solution Used: Nano Silver Fluoride Group Or Chlorhexidine Group. Dentin Samples Were Obtained Before And After Solution Application For Microbiological Assessment.

Results: The Number Of Bacteria Was Significantly Decreased In The Two Groups Showing Significant Difference In The Mean Values Between Baseline Of Dentin Samples And After Application Of Either Nano Silver Fluoride Or Chlorhexidine With No Statistically Significant Difference Between The Two Groups. Conclusion: Nano Silver Fluoride And Chlorhexidine Application In Deep Carious Lesions After Partial Caries Removal Had Similar Antibacterial Effect.

Ahmed Wafik Ismael, Manal Ahmed El-Sayed And Randa Youssef Abd Al-Gawad,

ABSTRACT


Aim: The Current Study Was Carried Out To Detect The Prevalence Of Bruxism Among A Group Of Egyptian Preschool Children, To Detect The Main Predisposing Factors That May Lead To Bruxism, And To Detect Some Dental Findings Associated With Bruxism. Methodology: This Cross-sectional Study Was Conducted On 362 Children Aging 3-6 Years Who Visited Faculty Of Dentistry, Cairo University. After Filling An Informed Consent By Their Parents, Clinical Examination Was Done By The Main Investigator And A Diagnostic Chart Related To Bruxism Was Filled To Detect Bruxism Predisposing Factors, Other Oral Habits, And Oral Findings Related To Bruxism. Then A Questionnaire Related To Bruxism Was Filled By Their Parents To Detect The Prevalence Of Bruxism.

Results: Bruxism Was Present In 69 Children Of The Study Sample (19.1%). No Gender Predilection Was Found In Relation To Bruxism Prevalence. Bruxism Prevalence Was Higher In Children Having Divorced Parents (40%) Than Married Parents (18.3%). Bruxism Prevalence Was Higher In Children With Crowding (55.6%) Than Without Crowding (18.1%).

Conclusions: Marital Status Of Parents And Teeth Crowding Are Considered The Most Important Factors Affecting The Prevalence Of Bruxism. High Number Of Children In The Family Increases The Risk Of Bruxism. Sleep Apnea, Oropharyngeal Regurgitations, Parasitic Infections, Nail Biting, Thumb Sucking, And Mouth Breathing Have No Effect On Bruxism Prevalence.

Amr M. Emadeldin , Mohammed A. Ibrahim And Ahmed Abdalla Khalil,

ABSTRACT
Background: Root Coverage Procedures Have Gained Much Popularity In Recent Years. Coronally Advanced Flap (CAF) Is A Predictable Technique For Treating Gingival Recessions. Platelet-rich Fibrin (PRF), An Autologous Platelet Concentrate, Enhances Soft-tissue Wound Healing. Acellular Dermal Matrix Allograft (ADMA) Is A Donated Human Dermis That Was Processed To Remove All Cells And Retain The Regenerative Collagen Matrix. Aim Of The Work: To Compare Between The Effect Of CAF Combined With PRF Membrane And CAF Combined ADMA On Gingival Recession Treatment. Patients And Methods: This Was A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study. Twenty Patients Were Randomly Devided Into Two Groups Which Are PRF Membrane (Group A) And ADMA (group B). The Recorded Parameters Were Probing Depth (PD), Gingival Recession Height (GRH), Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL).

Results: With In Both Groups Significant Differences Were Seen From Baseline To3 Months 6 Months And 9 Months Regarding Reduction In PD, GRH, CAL (P < 0.05).. Intergroup Analysis Showed Statistically Significant Differences Between The 2 Groups In Decrease Of GRH In Favor Of The PRF . Conclusion: Both PFR And ADMA Are Effective Materials In Root Coverage, But PRF Membrane Showed Better And More Stable Results At The End Of 9 Months As Compared To ADMA In Treating Gingival Recession.