Mohamed Kadry Nasr Geaisa, Hesham Abdelhakam And Adel Hamdy Abouelfetouh,

ABSTRACT


Aim: To Evaluate The Validity And Reliability Of The Computer Virtual Reduction For Anterior Mandibular Fractures Based Upon Patient Specific Computed Tomography Scan. Patients And Methods: A Total Of Nine Patients With Anterior Mandibular Fractures Were Treated With Open Reduction And Internal Fixation Using Computer Assisted Virtual Planning And Simulation.

Results: All Nine Patients Showed Uneventful Healing. Acceptable Fracture Reduction In Correlation With The Planed Virtual Reduction. The Mean Displacement Of The Proximal Segment At The Mental Foramen Was Found To Be 2.3 Mm With Standard Deviation Of 0.12 Mm In The Axial Dimension. In The Coronal Dimension, The Mean Displacement Was Found To Be 0.98 With Standard Deviation Of 0.41 Mm. In The Sagittal Dimension, The Mean Displacement Was Found To Be 1mm With Standard Deviation 0.9 Mm. Conclusion: Preoperative Simulation And Visualization Can Be A Valuable Tool In Planning Of Craniofacial Surgery And Reducing The Operating Time And The Accuracy Of The Final Reduction.

Tarek F. Mounir, Mohammed F. Abdallah And Amal F. Kaddah,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Aim Of This Study Is To Compare The Electromyographic Muscle Activity Of Both The Buccinator And Temporalis Muscles In Patients Wearing Implants Supported Mandibular Over-dentures Using Two Different Types Of Attachments Namely: A) Bar Attachments. B) Magnet Attachments.

Materials and Methods: Ten Patients Were Selected Having Completely Edentulous Upper And Lower Arches, Divided Into Two Groups, Group A Having Implant-supported Mandibular Overdenture With Bar Attachment And Group B Having Implant-supported Mandibular Overdenture With Magnetic Attachment. In Both Groups, The Implants Were Placed In The Canine Region, Muscular Evaluation Was Performed In Each Phase During The Study By Using A Digital Electromyogram (EMG)* Muscular Activity, Represented By The Root Mean Square Value (RMS), Was Evaluated.

Results: The Data Obtained From The Present Study Showed That There Was No Significant Difference Between Bar And Magnet Attachments According To Muscular Activity Measured. Conclusion: Within The Limitations Of This Study, It Was Concluded That: In Elderly Patients, The Treatment With 2 Inter-foramina Implants Provides Evidence Of Neuromuscular Adaptation Towards Values Of Healthy Dentate, Thus The Known Benefits Of Implant Placement Such As Tissue Perseverance And Improved Function Are Complemented By Improved Neuromuscular Adaptation. II. There Was No Significant Difference Between Bar And Magnet Attachments Regarding The Muscular Activity Measured.

Ahmed Mohamed Amer, Ahmed Gamal Hamzawi And Emad MT Mahmoud Agamy,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Aim Of This Study Was To Compare The Effect Of The Implant Position On Stress Distribution In Bilateral Distal Extension Free End Saddle (Kennedy Class I), Through Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis (3D FEA). Method: A 3D Finite Element Model Of Mandibular Bilateral Distal Free End Saddle RPD Was Established, Using Single Implant For Support. Three Variant Implant Positions Were Studied; At The Position Of The 2nd Premolar, 1st Molar, And 2nd Molar. Unilateral Vertical Load Of (150 N) Was Applied And Distributed On The Central Fossae Of Posterior Teeth On The Right Side. The Biomechanical Behaviours Of Peri-implant Bone, Implant, Mucosa And Overdenture Were Recorded At Each Situation.

Results: The Highest Stress On Implant And The Surrounding Structures Was In The 2nd Premolar Area. The Best Stress Readings Of The Implant And The Surrounding Structures Were At The 2nd Molar Region, Except For The Periodontal Ligament Buccal Of The Right Canine; At The Same Side Of Load Application. No Overloading Was Recorded At Any Of The Supporting Structures. The Maximum Stresses Occurring At Any Part Were Less Than The Yield Strength Of The Respective Material And Within The Biological Range. Conclusion And Clinical Significance: Within The Limitations Of The Current Study; It Could Concluded That The Best Implant Location For Implant Assisted Bilateral Long Span Distal Extension RPDs, Regarding Stress Distribution, Would Be The 2nd Molar Region. Additional Research Is Recommended And Further Verification Should Be Carried Out In Clinical Cases In Order To Gain A More Accurate Clinical Guidelines.

Ehab Ahmed Farghaly, Ahmed Hassanien, Zahrah Eldawakhly And Tamer Mounir Nassef,

ABSTRACT
This Study Evaluates The Effect Of Connector Design, (radii Of Gingival Embrasure Angel 0.5 And 1 Mm), And The Veneering Techniques, (Press- On And CAD-On), On The Biomechanics Of Implant Supported Three Units Posterior All Ceramic FPD. A 3-dimentional Finite Element Models Were Constructed Representing Two Implants Together With Implant Abutments Which Were Positioned In Place Of Missing Lower Second Premolar And Second Molar In A An Epoxy Resin Full Arch Model. A Three Unit FPD Virtually Constructed Using IPS E.max ZirCAD Blocks, With A Framework 0.5 Mm Radii Of Curvature At The Gingival Embrasure Of The Connector And Another Framework With 1 Mm Radii Of Curvature At The Gingival Embrasure Of The Connector With The Two Veneering Techniques: Press-on And Cad-on Which Were Virtually Placed Over The Implant Fixtures. Load Was Virtually Applied At The Gingival Fossa Of The Pontic Similarly To The Mechanical Testing And Stresses Were Analyzed. For The Cad- On Group It Was Found That 0.5 Mm Connector Recorded Higher Von Misses Stresses Mean Value (26.37 MPa) Than 1 Mm Connector Mean Value (21.25 MPa). For The Press- On Group The 1 Mm Connector Recorded Lower Von Misses Stresses Mean Value (22.84 MPa) Than 0.5 Connector Mean Value (27.25 MPa). With 0.5 Mm Connector Curvature Design; It Was Found That CAD On Group Recorded Lower Von Misses Stresses Mean Value (26.37MPa) Than Press On Group Mean Value (27.25 MPa). And With 1 Mm Connector Curvature Design; It Was Found That Press On Group Recorded Higher Von Misses Stresses Mean Value (22.84 MPa) Than CAD On Group Mean Value (21.25 MPa). It Was Concluded That The Design Of 1 Mm Gingival Connector Curvature Radii Showed Higher Load To Failure When Compared To The 0.5mm Gingival Connector Curvature Radii Design, And CAD-on Veneering Technique Has Higher Mean Fatigue Failure Than The Press-on Veneering Technique.

Sarah M.S., Amr H. El-Bolok And Enas A.A.,

ABSTRACT
Aim Of Study: To Evaluate The Expression Of Growth Factor Receptor Bounded Protein 2 (Grb2) And Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor2 (HER2) In Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor (KCOT).

Materials and Methods: 30 KCOT Paraffin Blocks Were Stained Immunohistochemically For Grb2 And HER2. Immunostaining Was Measured As Area Fraction And The Results Were Analyzed Statistically. P Value < 0.05 Was Considered Significant.

Results: All Cases Of KCOT Showed Positive Nuclear And Cytoplasmic Reaction For Grb2 And Nuclear Reaction For HER2. A Significant Positive Correlation Was Found Between HER2 And Grb2 Expression In KCOT. Conclusion: HER2 And GRB2 Play A Significant Role In The Proliferation, Pathogenesis And Progression Of KCOT. Grb2/HER2 Signaling Pathway Plays A Role In The Pathogenesis Of KCOT.

Lamia N. Metwally , Mokhtar N. Ibrahim , Omaima H. Ghallab And Amin E. Amin,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To Evaluate The Effect Of Different Doses Of Ionizing Radiation And Storage Times On The Microleakage Of Two Different Types Of Glass Ionomer Restorative Materials; Conventional And Resin Modified.

Materials and Methods: Standardized Cylindrical Class V Cavities Were Performed In 80 Bovine Incisors. Teeth Were Divided Into Two Main Groups According To The Type Of The Glass Ionomer Material Used Restoring The Cavities; Conventional Or Resin Modified (n=40). Both Groups Were Further Divided Into Four Subgroups According To Irradiation Dose; Zero Gray (control Group), 10 Gray, 30 Gray And 60 Gray (n=10). Each Group Was Measured For Microleakage At Three Time Intervals; 3 Weeks; 6 Weeks And 12 Weeks After The End Of The Radiation Exposure. Microleakage Testing Was Performed Using Fluid Filtration Device. Values Of Microleakage In �l/min/20 Psi Were Collected, Tabulated And Statistically Analyzed. Data Was Presented As Mean And Standard Deviation Values, The Significant Level Was Set At P ?0.05.

Results: Mixed Model ANOVA Showed That The Groups Of (control And 10 Gray) Had Statistically Significant Lower Microleakage Values Than (30 Gray And 60 Gray) Groups (p<0.05). There Was A Statistical Significant Effect Of The Type Of Glass Ionomer On The Microleakage. The Interaction Between The Storage Times, The Type Of Glass Ionomer And The Irradiation Doses Was Only Significant In 60 Gray Group P=0.038 For The Conventional Glass Ionomer Group And P=0.014 For The RMGI Group).

Conclusions: Within The Limitations Of This Study, It Was Concluded That: The Time Of Storage Didn�t Have Any Influence On The Microleakage Of Class V Glass Ionomer Restorations. The Variation Of The Chemical Composition Of Glass Ionomer Affected The Microlekage Of Class V Glass Ionomer Restorations And The High Therapeutic Radiation Doses Had A Direct Effect On The Microleakage Of Class V Glass Ionomer Restorations.

Omaima H. Ghallab , Rana A. Sedky And Amin E. Amin,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Aim Of This In Vitro Study Was To Evaluate The Effect Of Different Doses Of Ionizing Radiation On The Microleakage Of Tooth/resin Composite Restoration Interface Using Qualitative And Quantitative Methods.

Materials and Methods: Standardized Cylindrical Class V Cavities Were Prepared On The Labial Surfaces Of 40 Extracted Bovine Permanent Incisors. The Teeth Were Randomly Divided Into 4 Groups (n=10) According To The Irradiation Dose Received In Gray (Gy); (zero, 10Gy, 30 Gy& 60 Gy). The Cavities Were Restored With Resin Composite (Artiste) Using A Solvent-free Self-etching Adhesive (Bond 1 SF). After Restoration Of The Prepared Cavities, The Irradiation Doses Were Delivered As One Shot. All Specimens Were Stored In Distilled Water For Six Months Till Testing For Microleakage Using Fluid Filtration System And Dye Penetration Method. Data Was Analyzed Using One-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney And Spearman�s Correlation Tests.

Results: No Statistical Significant Effect Of Different Radiation Doses On Microleakage (P> 0.05) By Fluid Filtration Method. Dye Penetration Showed A Highly Statistical Significant Difference Between The Non-radiated And Radiated Groups (P <0.05). Fluid Filtration And Dye Penetration Assessments Showed A Weak And Non Statistical Significant Correlation.

Conclusions: Within The Limitations Of This In-vitro Study, It Was Concluded That: The Effectiveness Of Interface Assessments; Qualitative And Quantitative Seemed To Be Same. The Grays Of Ionizing Radiation Doses Did Not Affect The Interface Profile Regarding The Microleakage Assessment. The Time Elapsed In The Test Played A Great Role In Data Registration-criticism.

Eman M. Raffat , Ahmed K. Khalifa And Moustafa Abdou Elsyad,

ABSTRACT


Aim: This Study Aimed To Evaluate And Compare The Retention Of Telescopic And Milled Bar Attachments For Four Implant Supported Maxillary Overdenture.

Materials and Methods: An Acrylic Resin Model Of An Edentulous Maxilla Without Alveolar Undercuts Was Fabricated And Four Laboratory Implants Were Inserted In The Canine And Second Premolar Areas. Mucosal Simulation Was Fabricated Over The Model. Maxillary Experimental Overdenture Were Constructed Over The Model And Connected To The Model With Either Telescopic (group I) Or Milled Bar Attachment (group II). The Universal Testing Machine Was Used To Apply Vertically Oriented 4 Points Tensile Loads On A Metal Plate Attached To The Model With 4 Metal Chains Until The Attachments Separated From The Abutments. Maximum Load Needed To Dislodge The Experimental Overdenture From The Maxillary Test Model (retentive Force) Were Calculated. Initial Retentive Forces And Retentive Forces After Repeated Insertions And Removals (540 Cycles) Were Calculated.

Results: Milled Bar Attachment Recorded The Highest Initial And Final Retentive Forces, While Telescopic Attachment Recoded The Lowest One.

Conclusions: Milled Bar Attachment Recorded Significant Higher Retention Compared To Telescopic Attachment.

Hosny N S, Negm M M And Ghoneim A G,

ABSTRACT


Aim: The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate And Compare Smart Paste Bio Sealer With AH Plus Sealer Regarding The Push-out Bond Strength After Various Irrigation Protocols (95% Ethanol, Distilled Water, 5.25%NaOCl And QMix 2 In1).

Materials & Methods: Forty Extracted Single Canalled Maxillary Incisor Human Teeth Were Standardized To 15 Mm Length And Mechanically Instrumented Using ProTaper Universal Rotary Files To File Size F4. The Roots Were Randomly Divided Into Two Groups (n=20) According To The Filling Material Used. Group 1 (Smart Paste Bio+Propoint F4) And Group 2 (AH Plus+gutta Percha F4). Each Group Was Subdivided Into Four Subgroups (n=5) According To The Final Irrigating Solution Used Before Obturation. Subgroup A: 2ml Of 95% Ethanol. Subgroup B: 2 Ml Of Distilled Water. Subgroup C: 2ml Of 5.25% NaOCl. Subgroup D: 2ml Of QMix 2in 1. The Specimens Were Obturated With The Single Cone Technique. Then The Roots Were Sectioned Into Three Horizontal Sections Of 2 Mm Thickness, Cut From Coronal, Middle And Apical Thirds Of Each Root. Each Section Was Prepared For Push-out Test Using Universal Testing Machine.

Results: Group 1 Recorded Statistically Significant Higher Push-out Bond Strength Than Group 2. Subgroup C (5.25% NaOCl) Recorded Statistically Significant The Highest Mean Push-out Bond Strength Followed By Subgroup A (95% Ethanol) Followed By Subgroup (B) And (C) Which Recorded The Lowest Push-out Bond Strength Values. Bond Strength Values Were Significantly Higher In The Coronal And Middle Segments In Comparison To Apical Segments. Conclusion: Smart Paste Bio Sealer Produced The Highest Bond Strength Compared To AH Plus Sealer When Single Cone Technique Was Used And Bond Strength Was Differentially Affected By Irrigation Regimens.

Hesham Samy Borg, Hoda Mohamed Amin Rashad, Mohamed Maamoun El-Sheikh And Noha Ossama Abd El-Aziz Issa,

ABSTRACT
Measurements Of Inter Implant Distance Through Two Various Methods Were Evaluated And Compared.

Materials and Methods: Fifteen Completely Edentulous Patientswith Two Mandibulary Inserted Implant Were Selected For This Study. The Distance Between Two Implants Was Measured In The Computerized Way Using Cone Beam Software. The Inter- Implant Distance Was Measured By Clinical Way Using Digital Caliper. The Data Gained By 2 Ways Of Measurements Were Compared.

Results: The Calculated Mean Of Clinically Measured Inter-implant Distances Was (25.149� 4.9244) While Cone Beam Measurements Of Inter Implant Distancewas (25.375� 4.7777) Of The Same Distance Revealing No Significant Difference Between Both Method. Conclusion: No Significant Differences Between Inter Implants Distances By Using Clinical Measurements Distances And Post-operative Distances On The Cone Beam.

Sara H El-Banna, Ahmed M Halawa, Hanaa M El-Shenawy And Dina M Abdel Khalek,

ABSTRACT


Introduction: Intraoral Soft Tissue Esthetics Has Become A Significant Aspect Of Dentistry And Clinicians Are Faced With Achieving Acceptable Gingival Esthetics As Well As Addressing Biologic And Functional Problems. Aim Of Study: Was To Evaluate The Effect Of Diode Laser Irradiation On Gingival Depigmentation.

Materials and Methods: 3 Watts Continuous Mode Diode Laser Was Used To Remove Gingival Hyperpigmentation Of Dogs. Specimens Were Divided According To The Follow Up Periods Of (1, 2, 4 And 8 Weeks) Where The Experimental Specimens Were Contralateral To The Control Ones. Specimens Were Evaluated Pre- And Post-treatment Histologically Using H&E And Ultrastructurally By Transmission Electron Microscope.

Results: Histological And Ultrastructural Evaluation Revealed A Decrease In Melanin Content In The Follow Up Periods Compared To The Baseline. Meanwhile, The Recurrence Of Melanin Was Observed More In Groups Of 4 And 8 Weeks After Laser Irradiation Yet Did Not Reach The Baseline.

Mohamed Sawi Mohamed, Nadia. A. Abbas And Mohamed. F. Abdallah,

ABSTRACT
AIM: In-vitro Study Was Carried-out To Compare The Dimensional Accuracy Of Three Different Viscosities Of Additional Elastomeric Polyvinyl Siloxane Impression Material (PVS)

Materials and Methods: Fabrication Of Custom Tray On Acrylic Model (Kennedy Class II Modification Then An Impression Was Made Using Three Deferent Viscosity Of Polyvinyl Siloxane Impression Material. The Impression Was Divided Into Four Groups. Group I: Impressions Using Light Polyvinyl Siloxane, Group II: Impression Using Medium Polyvinyl Siloxane, Group III: Impression Using Heavy Polyvinyl Siloxane, Group IV: Impression Using Three Viscosities In Single Impression. Finally Measurement From Acrylic Cast Was Recorded And Compared To That Measured From The Stone Cast Poured From The Different Viscosities Of The Impression Materials.

Results: When The Three Viscosities Used Together In The Same Tray They Produced Less Accurate Cast Than Medium Alone. However It Was More Accurate Than Light And Heavy Viscosities

Rabab Ismail Abdel Fattah, Mohsen Hussein Abielhassan And Hossam El-Din Al-Mandouh El-Husiny,

ABSTRACT
The Aim Of This Study Was To Compare The Re-mineralizing Potential Of Two Novel Bioactive Glasses (BAGs), Based On The Particle Size I.e, Conventional And Nano-sized Particles In Comparison To A Conventional Commercially Available Tooth Mousse (casein Phosphopeptide � Amorphous Calcium Phosphate CPP-ACP) On Human Enamel And Dentin. A Total Number Of 15 Extracted Caries-free Human Permanent Molars Were Used In The Study To Form 60 Enamel And Dentin Slabs. The Slabs Were Divided Into Two Groups According To The Tooth Substrate; Enamel (A1) And Dentin (A2); 30 Slabs Each. Each Group Was Furtherly Subdivided Equally Into Three Subgroups According To The Remineralizing Agent Used; Ten Slabs Each; Conventional Size BAG (B1), Nano-sized BAG (B2) And Tooth Mousse (B3). Each Subgroup Was Furtherly Divided Into Two Classes According To The Time Of Application Of Remineralizing Agent; Five Slabs Each; Two Minutes (C1) And Eight Minutes (C2). Slabs Were Soaked In A Demineralizing Solution For Two Days. Treated Specimens Were Subsequently Stored In Artificial Saliva (pH 7.4), At 37�C For Seven Days. Artificial Saliva Was Replaced With Fresh One Every 24 Hours. Specimens Were Analyzed, Both Quantitatively And Qualitatively Using EDAX And ESEM Respectively After Both Demineralization And Remineralization Times. EDAX Revealed That All Remineralizing Agents Had Remineralizing Potential When Applied On Enamel And Dentin Except For Conventional BAG And CPP-ACP When Applied For Two Minutes On Enamel.

Sana M. Mansour, Essam E. Al-wakeel And Neven S. Aref,

ABSTRACT


Purpose: This Study Investigated The Effect Of Microwave Post-polymerization Treatment Of Bulk- Fill Resin Composite Used As Indirect Restoration Regarding; Degree Of Conversion, Surface Micohardness, Compressive Strength And Fracture Toughness.

Materials and Methods: Two Nanohybrid Resin Composites Were Used In The Study; One Is Incrementally-placed And The Other Is Bulk-fill. For Each Test, Ten Specimens Of Each Resin Composite Type Were Prepared According To Manufacturer�s Instructions (group I And II) And Divided Into Two Equal Subgroups; One (Ia And IIa) As A Control And The Other Subgroup (Ib And IIb) Exposed To A Microwave Post-polymerization Treatment At 550 W For 4 Min. The Degree Of Conversion, Compressive Strength, Surface Micohardness And Fracture Toughness Of The Different Groups Were Calculated. Student�s T-test Was Used To Analyze And Compare The Collected Data (p < 0.05).

Results: Bulk-fill Resin Composite Exhibited A Significant Increase In The Compressive Strength, And Fracture Toughness Mean Values Than Those Of The Incrementally-placed One. For Both Incrementally-placed And Bulk-fill Resin Composites, Significant Differences Between The Degree Of Conversion, Compressive Strength, Surface Micohardness And Fracture Toughness Means Of The Microwave-treated Group And Those Of The Control Group Were Detected.

Conclusions: Microwave Post-polymerization Treatment Is A Valuable Technique For Enhancing The Degree Of Conversion, Compressive Strength, Microhardness And Fracture Toughness Of Nanohybrid Resin Composites, Either Bulk-fill Or Incrementally-placed One When Used As Indirect Restoration. Bulk-fill Resin Composite Is A Material Of Choice For Indirect Restorations (inlays And Onlays).

Aliaa A Refaie, Ahmed H Wahba And Salwa M Awad,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Purpose Of This Study Was To Investigate The Effect Of Dentists� Appearance And Decoration Of The Dental Clinic On Child Anxiety Using Frankl Scale For Behaviors And Facial Image Scale. Methods: The Study Was Conducted On 280 Children Their Age Ranged Between 3-6 Years. They Had Been Selected From Pediatric Dentistry Clinic, Faculty Of Dentistry, Mansoura University. The Children Were Randomly Divided Into Two Main Groups According To The Sample Design. In The First Group, Anxiety Of 240 Children Were Evaluated In Relation To Different Variables Of Dentists� Appearance ( Age ,sex ,attire, Protective Wear). In The Second Group, Anxiety Of Other 40 Children Were Evaluated In Relation To Different Clinic Decoration (general Design Or Pediatric Design) Researcher Had Standard Dentists� Appearance (white Coat With Standard Protective Wear). All Participated Children Were Subjected To Examination; Polishing, Excavation (debris, Soft Caries) And Application Of Temporary Filling. Their Behaviors Were Recorded By Researcher According To Frankl Scale And They Asked To Select Their Anxiety Level Using FIS.

Results: In The First Group, Children�s Anxiety Decreased When They Were Treated By Female Operators Wearing Pediatric Coat And Decorated Protective Wear .However, Anxiety Increased With The Operators Wearing Surgical Scrub And Standard Protective Wear. In The Second Group, Children Were Very Happy To Be Treated In Pediatric Dental Clinic Design Over General Dental Clinic Design. There Was High Statistically Significant Difference (p<0.001). Conclusion: Children Have Strong Preferences Regarding The Appearance Of Their Dentist And Dental Clinics .That Could Greatly Improve A Patient�s Perception Of The Care They Receive. Children�s Anxiety Decreased With Female Operators Wearing Pediatric Colored Coat And Decorated Protective Wear. Also, Children Were Very Happy To Be Treated By Operator Of The Same Gender And In Decorated Dental Clinic Design.

Injy A. El-Sebaie, Nagwa A. Ghoname, Hussein I. Saudi And Rasha A. Alm El-Din,

ABSTRACT
It Is A Dental Disaster For Child To Lose His Primary Teeth Before The Age Of Normal Exfoliation. There Is No Better Replacement Than The Natural Tooth When It Is Rendered Free Of Infection.
Objectives: This Study Was Performed To: 1) Evaluate The Clinical And Radiographic Effect Of 3Mix Compared To 15 Concentration Of Buckley�s Formula Of Formocresol As A Pulpotomy Agent In Non-vital Primary Molars. 2) Assess Their Antibacterial Effect Of 3Mix And 15 Concentration Of Buckley�s Formula Of Formocresol.

Materials and Methods: In This Clinical Trial, Non-vital Pulpotomy Was Performed On 60 Primary Mandibular Molars Out Of 30 Children Aged Four To Seven Years. The Teeth Were Randomly Divided Into Two Groups According To The Material Used With 30 Teeth In Each Group. Group I, The Teeth Were Treated In One Visit Using 3 Mix. Group II, The Teeth Were Treated In Two Visits Using 15 Formocresol. All The Teeth Were Sealed With Glass Ionomer Cement Then Finally Restored With Stainless-steel Crowns. Clinical And Radiographic Evaluation Was Carried Out At Three, Six, And Nine Months Intervals. The Antibacterial Effect Of 3 Mix And 15 Formocresol Against Escherichia Coli And Staphylococcus Aureus Were Determined By Agar Diffusion Method. �

Results:�The Overall Clinical Success Rate Was 96.2% In 3Mix Group Compared To 85.1% In Formocresol Group. While, Radiographic Success Rate Was 85.1% And 77.7% In Both Groups Respectively. No Statistically Significant Differences Were Found Between The Two Groups Clinically Or Radiographically. The Antibacterial Results Showed That 3Mix Presented The Largest Inhibitory Zones Against Escherichia Coli And Staphylococcus Aureus Compared To 15 Formocresol With Statistically Significant Difference Between The Two Tested Materials.

Conclusions:�The Triantibiotic Paste (3Mix) Is A Promising Material In Fulfilling Its Role In The Treatment Of Non-vital Primary Molars Through Non-instrumental Endodontic Treatment.

Aisha Ali Abdo Albahbah, Moustafa Abduo Elsyad And Radwa M.K. Emera,

ABSTRACT


Purpose: This Study Aimed To Evaluate Of Different Degrees Of Lingual Implant Inclination On Retention Of Locator Attachments Used For 2-implant Retained Mandibular Overdentures .

Materials and Methods: Four Identical Acrylic Resin Models Representing A Completely Edentulous Mandibular Ridges Were Used. Each Model Received Two Implants Inserted At Canine Area Bilaterally With Different Degree Of Lingual Inclination. Group I (0,control), Group II (5), Group III (10), And Group IV (20). For Each Degree Of Implant Inclination Retention (vertical Dislodging Forces). The Residual Ridge And The Retromlar Regions For Each Acrylic Resin Model Was Covered By Base Plate Wax To Simulate The Oral Mucosa. Four Acrylic, Metal Reinforced Overdenture Was Fabricated And Connected To The Implants Using Locator Attachments. U Tilizing The Universal Testing Machine, Vertical And 3 Types Of Rotational (anterior, Lateral And Posterior) Dislodgments Were Performed On A Metal Plate Attached To The Model With Metal Chains Until The Attachments Separated From The Abutments. The Initial Retentive Force (maximum Dislodging Force) And Final Retention After 540 Cycles Of Insertions And Removals Were Measured For Each Example. Results : For Initial Retentive Force And Retentive Force After Repeated Insertions And Removals, 0 Degree Inclination Recorded The Highest Retentive Forces, Followed By 5 Degrees, And 10 Degrees (whitout Significant Differences ) And 20 Degree Recoreded The Lowest Retention Values.Locator Transparent Recoreded The Highest Retentive Force, Followed By Locator Nylon Pink, Locator Nylon Blue, Locator Nylon Green, And Locator Nylon Red Recorded The Lowest Retention Values.

Conclusions: For Parallel (0o), And Medium (10o) Inclination, The Highest Initial And Final Retention And Stability Was Noted With Transparent Inserts, Followed By Pink Inserts, And Blue Inserts Showed The Lowest Values. For Slight Inclination (5o), The Highest Initial And Final Retention And Stability Was Noted With Blue Inserts. For Sever Implant (20o) Inclination, The Highest Initial And Final Retention And Stability Was Noted With Transparent Inserts And The Lowest Values Were Noted For Red Inserts.

Mona Mahmoud Mohamed, Mai Mahmoud Yousry And Amir Hafez Ibrahim,

ABSTRACT
This Study Was Conducted To Evaluate The Effect Of Curing Direction (occlusal And Transtooth Polymerization), And Curing Time, As Well As The Influence Of Remaining Wall Thickness, As Reflected By Cavity Width On The Depth Of Cure Of Bulk-fill Resin Composite Proximal Restorations.

Materials and Methods: A Total Of 40 Sound Human Maxillary Premolar Teeth Were Used In This Study. The Occluso-gingival Height Of Teeth Was Of A Minimum Of 4.3mm And The Bucco-lingual Dimension Of The Selected Teeth Was 8.6-10.5 Mm; All Dimensions Were Measured Using A Digital Caliper. The Teeth Were Divided Into 2 Groups Of 20 Each According To The Curing Direction; Either Occlusal Curing According To Manufacturer�s Instructions, Transtooth Curing From The Buccal And Lingual Direction. Standardized Box Shaped Cavities Were Prepared On Proximal Surfaces Of Each Tooth Having Occluso-gingival Depth Of 4 Mm, Axial Wall Depth 1.5 Mm And 3 Mm Bucco-lingual Width. All Prepared Cavities Were Restored Using X-tra Fil Bulk Fill Resin Composite Placed In One 4 Mm Increment And Then Cured. Each Specimen Was Then Sectioned In A Mesio-distal Direction And Each Half Was Poured In Acrylic Resin Block. Then, Vickers Hardness Number (VHN) Was Determined On The Top And The Bottom Surfaces (0.1 From Occlusal Surface And 0.1 Mm From Gingival Wall) Using Digital Display Vickers Micro-hardness Tester. Two Way ANOVA Was Used To Study The Effect Of Different Curing Direction.

Results: The Tested Bulk-fill Resin Composite (X-tra Fil) Achieved At Least 80% Depth Of Cure Value At 4mm Thickness With Irradiation Time 10 Seconds. Regarding The Curing Direction, A Non-significant Difference In Depth Of Cure Between Occlusal And Transtooth Curing Was Revealed (P>0.5). The Bottom Microhardness Also Showed A Non-significant Difference Between Curing Directions (P>0.5). While For Top Microhardness, Occlusal Curing Showed Significantly Higher Value Than Transtooth Curing (P>0.5). Conclusion: An Acceptable Depth Of Cure Could Be Achieved With 4mm Increment Of Bulk-fill Resin Composite.

Amr M. Ali Elsayed Aboulenain, Abeer Mostafa Abdellatif And Rizk Abd-Alla I. El-Agamy,

ABSTRACT
Background: Many Measurement Techniques Have Been Used To Examine The Psychological Condition Of Children During Dental Procedures, Including Behavioral Ratings, Psychometric Scales, Self-reports, And Projective Techniques. Communication Is Multisensory, However The Most Common Means Of Communication With Young Children Is Through Spoken Language As The Second Language Often Makes The Dental Procedure More Acceptable To Patients. Aim Of The Study: This Study Was Conducted To Study The Effects Of Different Modifications Of Second Language On Child�s Behavior In The Dental Office. Materials And Method: This Study Was Conducted On A Total Of 180 Healthy Egyptian Pediatric Dental Patients (90 Boys And 90 Girls) In The Pediatric Dental Clinics Of Faculty Of Dentistry, Mansura University, Egypt. They Comprised Three Equal Groups Of Males And Females For Performing Restorative Or Pulp Therapy Under Local Anesthesia Using Different Word Substitutes During The Procedure. Each Group Was Dealt With Using A List Of Word Substitutes For The Different Instruments And Tools In Two Stages: Pre-operatory Stage (before Anesthesia) And Operatory Stage (after Anesthesia And During The Procedure). The Child�s Behavior Was Rated During The Treatment Session By Using Frankle Scale And Venham 6 Point Index. At The End Of Dental Treatment, Each Child Was Asked To Name Each Instrument And Tool We Showed To Him /her During The Procedures. All Data Were Recorded In A Specially Designed Sheet.

Results: There Was A Clear Positive Correlation And Agreement Between A Suitable Second Language And Child�s Behavior In All Stages Of Dental Treatment. The Majority Of Children Showed Low Stress And Positive Perception Toward Dental Treatment. With Respect To Gender There Was No Significant Difference Between Males And Females In Assessment Of Child�s Behavior. Conclusion: The Use Of Second Language Plays A Major Role In The Interaction Between The Pediatric Dentist And The Child Patient And The Easier The Word Substitute, The Better Is The Behavior Of Children In The Dental Clinic. There Was A Clear Positive Correlation And Agreement Between Good Suitable Second Language And Child�s Behavior In All Stages Of Dental Treatments.

Khouloud Mohamed Zaher, Rana Mahmoud Sherif And Maha Ahmed Taymour,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Aim Of The Study Was To Assess The Fracture Resistance Of IPS E.max CAD (E) Compared To VITA Suprinity(S) Crowns. Methods: A Stainless Steel Die Was Custom Made To Simulate Mandibular First Molar Preparation, Then It Was Duplicated Into Twenty Epoxy Resin Dies. After Scanning The Stainless-steel Die, The Crowns Were Milled. The Samples Were Randomly Divided In To Two Equal Groups (n=20) According To The Material Type (E And S). After Milling, The Crowns Were Finished, Polished And Glazed Prior To The Crystallization Process. The Crowns Were Then Cemented. All Samples Were Subjected To Fracture Resistance Testing Under A Compressive Load Of 5(KN) And At A Crosshead Speed Of 1 Mm/min. Data Was Collected, Tabulated And Statistically Analyzed. The Failure Mode Was Then Examined Photographically Using A Digital Camera.

Results: The Fracture Resistance Testing For The Samples Of Group (E) And (S) Showed That There Was No Statistical Significant Difference Between The Two Groups Where The Mean Values Were ((1767.88�258.55 N) And (1505.73�91.48 N) Respectively. Both Materials Showed Favorable And Unfavorable Pattern Of Failure. Conclusion: The IPS E.max CAD And VITA SUPRINITY Both Showed High Fracture Resistance Values And Thus Can Be Safely Used In The Posterior Region.

Rasha I. Abdalla, Amal Kaddah And Ahmed Fayyad,

ABSTRACT
Dental Implants Have Completely Altered The World Of Edentulism; Despite The Tremendous Efforts Exerted, There Are Still Many Controversies Regarding The Retention Of Implant Attachments To Be Used In Implant Supported Overdentures Which Will Affect The Patient Satisfaction And Preference. The Question Here Arises - Will The Mandibular Magnet Implant Overdentures In Comparison To Mandibular Ball And Socket Retained Implant Overdentures Result In An Improvement On Retention?

Materials and Methods: Patients Were Randomly Assigned Into Two Equal Groups. Patients Of Group I Were Allocated To Two Implants Supported Overdenture Retained With Ball And Socket Attachment While Those Of Group II Were Allocated To Two Implants Supported Overdenture Retained With Magnet Attachment. Retention Was Measured For Each Group At Baseline, 1month, 3months And 6 Months By Using A Digital Force-meter While Patients� Satisfaction Was Assessed Using Oral Health Impact Profile Questionnaire (OHIP 14). The Assessment Was Made At Baseline (1 Week) After Denture Insertion And Six Months Follow-up Period. Result: Ball And Socket Group Showed Higher Retention Values Than Magnet Group, With No Statistically Significant Difference Between Mean Retention Loss Values In The Two Groups. Patient�s Satisfaction Was High In Both Groups With Statistically Significant Decrease In Mean OHIP-14 Scores After 6 Months In Each Group Conclusion: Implant Retained Mandibular Overdenture With Magnet Or Ball And Socket Attachments Is A Successful Treatment Option Regarding The Retention, Improved Overall Function And Patient Satisfaction Over Six Months Observation Period But With Higher Retention Values For Ball And Socket Attachments.

Fady A. Issa, Hesham Katamish And Tarek Salah Morsi,

ABSTRACT
The Purpose Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Performance Of New Hybrid-ceramics As Anterior And Posterior Implant Supported Abutments Under Cyclic Loading As A One-piece Hybrid Abutment And Measure Their Fracture Resistance. 20 Implant Analogues Were Embedded In Acrylic Resin Blocks. Titanium Base Was Placed And Scanned. Samples Were Designed As Upper Central Incisors And Upper First Premolars Using Exocad Software For CAD/CAM Milling Using VITA ENAMIC Blocks. All Abutments Were Permanently Cemented To Titanium Base Using Resin Cement. All Samples Were Subjected To Cyclic Fatigue Loading Followed By Fracture Resistance Testing Of Surviving Specimens. Posterior One-piece Hybrid Abutment Samples Showed Higher Survival Rate Than Posterior One-piece Abutments During Cyclic Loading. The Mean Fracture Loads Of The One-piece Hybrid Abutments Both Anterior & Posterior Were 304 N And 417.6 N Respectively. Fractographic Analysis Confirmed That Crack Originated From The Occlusal Surface (under The Indenter) And Spread To Restoration Margins, Which Lead To Clean Bulk Fracture Of The Samples.

Basmah El-Sayed, Fatma Mohamed, Rehab R. El-Zehery And Mohammed Grawish,

ABSTRACT
Periodontal Disease Is Currently One Of The Major Health Problems Worldwide. Unfortunately Once The Periodontal Tissues Are Destructed, Periodontal Regeneration Is Quite Difficult And Current Regenerative Techniques Do Not Produce Satisfactory Results. Recently Many New Regenerative Therapies Have Emerged And Are Considered Favorable Candidates For Periodontal Regeneration. Rats Serve As One Of The Suitable And Most Common Animal Models Used In Preclinical Experiments Evaluating New Treatments For Periodontal Regeneration.

Hossam Hassan Soliman Hassan, Amal Hessein Mubarak, Fatema El Zahraa Awad Sayed, Ahmed Mohamed Osama And Sherihan Mohamed Eissa Ali,

ABSTRACT
Background: Fracture Strength And Hardness Could Be Found To Be Sensitive To The Curing Techniques Of The Polymerized Resins; The Hardness Is An Efficient Technique To Judge The Polymerisation Depth Of Resin Materials.

Aim: Compare The Effect Of Curing Techniques On The Fracture Resistance Of Implant Retained Acrylic Resin Overdenture Bases. Method: Acrylic Resin Denture Bases Had Been Divided Into Three Groups According To The Technique Of Polymerization (group I: Heat Cured Acrylic Resin, Group II: Microwave Cured Acrylic Resin, Group III: Light Cured Acrylic Resin). Universal Testing Machine Had Been Used To Measure Fracture Strength And Vicker`s Hardness Tester Had Been Used To Measure Vicker�s Hardness.

Results: Light Cured (Eclipse) Denture Base Resin Revealed Significantly Higher Fracture Strength And Hardness Properties, As Compared To The Water Bath And Microwave Polymerization Methods. Conventional Heat Cured Resin Demonstrated Significantly Higher Fracture Strength And Hardness Properties, As Compared To Microwave Polymerized Resin. Conclusion: High Strengths Exhibited By Eclipse Is Also Concerning The High Degree Of Polymerization And Crystalline Nature Of The Formulation Moreover As Less Voids Among The Material

Mustafa M. Abdullah, Manal R. Hassan And Raiesa M. Mohammed,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Purpose Of This Study Was To Assess Fracture Resistance Of Endocrown Constructed Of Two Different Materials Namely IPS E.max And Hybrid Ceramic Compared To Conventional Post And Core And IPS E.max Full Coverage Crown. Materials And Methods : Thirty Sound Extracted Human Permanent Mandibular Molars (N =30) Were Endodontically Treated. Standardized Preparations Were Done With 3-mm Intracoronal Extensions Into The Pulp Chamber And Divided Into 3groups Of Each (n=10). Group I : Specimens Involved Endodontically Treated Mandibular Molars Restored With Glass Fiber Posts Cemented With Rely X Cement, Composite Cores Were Built Up And IPS E.max Press Full Coverage Crowns (control Group) .Group II: Involved Endodontically Treated Mandibular Molars Restored With IPS E.max Press Endocrown. Group III: Specimens Involved Endodontically Treated Mandibular Molars Restored With Hybrid Ceramic Vita Enamic Endocrown. Each Group Of II And III Subdivided Into Sub-groups According To Ferrule Preparation GPIa (n=5) With Ferrule And GPIIb(n=5) Without Ferrule. Specimens Were Subjected To Fatigue By Cyclic Loading 150,000 Cycles In Order To Simulate A Clinical Service Time Of 1years And Were Mounted In A Universal Testing Machine(instron) And Then They Subjected To Vertical Compression Load Until Failure. Data Were Collected, Tabulated And Statically Analyzed. One Way ANOVA Followed By Pair-wise Tukey�s Post-hoc Tests Were Performed To Detect Significance Between Groups. Student T-test Was Done Between Subgroups. Result: The Highest Fracture Resistance Mean Value Was Recorded For Vita Enamic Endocrown With Ferrule Group (1405.69�34.7 N) While The Lowest Fracture Resistance Mean Value Was Recorded For Vita-enamic Endocrown Without Ferrule Group (847.04�45.54 N). Difference Between Control Group And Vita Enamic Endocrown With Ferrule Group While Without Ferrule The Difference Was Significant (p<0.05) Conclusion: Endocrowns Preparation With 1mm Ferrule And Vita Enamic Material Can Be The Best Of Choice To Achieve A Higher Fracture Resistance In High Stress Bearing Areas. KEY WORDS: Endocrown, Endodontically Treated Molars Reinforced With Post And Core, IPS E.max Crown, Hybrid Ceramics Vita Enamic.

Basma A. Alrazhi, Alaa H. Diab And Shaimaa Gawdat,

ABSTRACT
This Study Was Conducted To Evaluate Postoperative Pain After Root Canal Preparation With ProTaper Next And WaveOne NiTi Systems. Fifty Two Patients With Mandibular Permanent Premolars And Molars, Showing Signs/symptoms Of Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis Were Selected From The Outpatient Clinic Of Endodontic Department, Cairo University. An Approval From The Ethic Committee And An Informed Consent From The Patients Were Taken. Patients Were Randomly Divided Into Two Groups; Comparator Group: Root Canal Instrumented With WaveOne Instruments (n=26), And Intervention Group: Root Canal Instrumented With Protaper Next (PTN) Instruments (n=26). Postoperative Pain Was Recorded Using Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) At 6, 12, 24, 48 Hours Intervals. Results Showed That A Significantly Lower Levels Of Postoperative Pain In The PTN Group Compared To WaveOne Group At 6 And12 Hours. No Significant Difference Was Found Between Both Groups At 24 And 48 Hours. In Conclusion, PTN Rotary System Was Able To Minimize The Risk Of Postoperative Pain Intensity, As Compared To WaveOne Reciprocating System In The First 24 Hour.

Ehab Mohmed Abd-Al Halim, Maged Gaber M. El Saadawy And Alaa Bashir Kassem,

ABSTRACT
Background: The Purpose Of This Prospective Study Is To Compare Between Effects Of Two Occlusal Systems On The Biting Force And Masticatory Efficiency Of Implant Bar Retained Mandibular Over Denture Opposed By Maxillary Complete Denture. Methods: After Evaluation Of 10 Completely Edentulous Patients Using Panoramic X-ray, Mucoperiosteal Flaps Were Reflected Exposing The Mandibular Interforaminal Region. Two Implants Were Placed In The Interforaminal Region For Each Of The 10 Patients. After A Healing Period Of 3�months, Acrylic Maxillary And Mandibular Overdentures Were Fabricated With Bilateral Balanced Occlusion For All Patients, Positioner Attachments Were Used And Incorporated Into The Dentures Using Direct Pickup Method. All Patients Used Their Dentures With Bilateral Balanced Occlusion For 1�month As Adaptation Period Then Were Evaluated 3-6-9 Months. Following Evaluation At 9 Months Post Insertion, It Was Converted Into Canine Guidance Occlusion Using The Same Denture. This Was Achieved Clinically By Remounting Using The Semi-adjustable Articulator. Light-cured Composite Resin Was Then Added In The Mandibular Canines To Provide An Interarch Disocclusion Space Of 2�mm During Eccentric Movements.Then Evaluated After3-6-9 Months For The New Occlusion Then Comparing The Results Of Masticatory Efficiency And Biting Force For Both Types Of Occlusion. Results : The Results Of This Study Showed No Significant Difference For The Masticatory Efficiency And Biting Force Between The Occlusal Concepts Proposed.

Conclusions: Both Bilateral Balanced Occlusion And Canine Guidance Occlusion Can Be Used Successfully In Implant-retained Mandibular Overdentures Without Affecting Masticatory Efficiency And Biting Forces.

Sherif Z. Hassan, Enas Fathelbab And Mohammed M. Shalaby,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Aim Of This Study Was To Determine The Effect Of Different Hybrid Ceramics Thicknesses And Different Luting Agent Shades On The Perceived Final Color Of The Restoration. Methods: Forty Disc Shaped Samples (0.5 & 1mm Thick) Were Fabricated From Vita Enamic Shade (3M2-HT) And Lava Ultimate Shade (A3-HT) Hybrid Ceramics (20 Sample Each). Resin Composite Discs (10 Mm Diameter & 2 Mm In Thickness) Shade A4 Was Used To Simulate The Color Of A Dark Underlying Substrate (n=40). Cementation Of Discs Was Carried Out With Rely X Veneer Shade A3 Opaque, Translucent Or Without Cement (control Group). Color Differences (?E) Were Determined Using Spectrophotometer. For Parametric Data; Three-way (ANOVA) Was Used To Analyze The Data, Followed By Bonferroni�s Post-hoc. The Significance Level Was Set At P ? 0.05.

Results: The L* A* B* Values Of The Tested Materials Were Affected By Both Luting Agent And The Ceramic Thickness. The Mean Values Of (?E) For 0.5 Mm Thick Samples Were Higher Than Those Of 1 Mm Thick. The Mean Values Of (?E) For Opaque Luting Agent Samples Were Higher Than Those Of Luted With Translucent Luting Agent. Decrease In Mean Values Of (?L) Of All The Tested Samples Was Detected. Conclusion: Both Tested Materials Luted With Translucent Luting Agent Recorded Clinically Acceptable Color When Used In 1mm Thickness. The Tested Luting Agent Shades Made The Final Color Of The Samples Darker Than The Control Group.

Omnia Badawy Darwish, Siza Yacoub Zakhary And Sherif Adel El-khodary,

ABSTRACT
OneShape Is A Single-file NiTi System That Uses Full-sequence Rotary Motion. The File Has Three Variable Cross-sections Along The Length Of The Blade Also It Has A Longer Pitch. These Properties Cause Reduction Of The Preparation Time, Efficient Cleaning, Decrease In The Bacterial Charge Similar To That Of Traditional Instruments And Lower Quantity Of Apically Extruded Debris. Root Canal Preparation Techniques May Cause Postoperative Pain. The Goal Of The Present Study Was To Compare The Intensity Of Postoperative Pain When Using OneShape Or ProTaper Universal System For Instrumentation Of Root Canals. Methods: Forty Patients Who Fulfilled Specific Inclusion Criteria Were Assigned To Two Groups According To The Root Canal Instrumentation Technique Used, OneShape Or ProTaper Universal. Root Canal Treatment Was Carried Out In Single Visit, And The Severity Of Postoperative Pain Was Assessed By Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Score After The Session Until Complete Pain Relief Was Achieved. Analgesic Consumption Was Also Recorded.

Results: Mean Of NRS Scores Between The Two Groups And Within The Same Group At Different Follow Up Periods(6, 12, 24 And 48 Hours) Showed No Statistically Significant Difference. Also, There Was No Statistical Significant Difference In Analgesic Consumption Between The Two Groups.

Ahmed M. Metwally, Neven S. Abdou And Manal F. Osman,

ABSTRACT


Purpose: This Study Was Conducted To Evaluate The Effect Of Biodegradation Of Orthodontic Archwires In Different Solutions On Metal Ions Release, Surface Microhardness, Modulus Of Elasticity And Flexural Strength.

Materials and Methods: Four Orthodontic Archwires (stainless Steel, NiTi, Copper NiTi And Teflon-coated NiTi) Were Used. They Were Immersed In Different Solutions (distilled Water, Artificial Saliva, Tea, Hot Water, Coca Cola And Cold Water) For Four Weeks. A Total Number Of 460 Archwire Specimens Were Used In This Study. They Have Been Classified As Follow, 100 Archwire Specimens Were Prepared For Measurement Of Released Metal Ions After Immersion In Each Solution And 360 Archwire Specimens Were Prepared For Determination Of Their Mechanical Properties. For Metal Ions Release Assessment, The Specimens Were Classified Mainly Into Four Groups (25 Specimens Each) According To The Archwire Type. Each Group Was Further Subdivided Into 5 Subgroups (5 Specimens Each) According To The Used Solution. Each Subgroup Had Been Divided Into Two Divisions As The Following: Five Solutions As Test Specimens Immersed With Studied Archwires And Five Solutions As Control Specimens Without Archwire. Metal Ions Release Analysis Was Performed For All Solutions For Nickel, Chromium, Copper, Cobalt, Iron And Titanium Metal Ions In Parts Per Billion (ppb) Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP Spectroscope). For Mechanical Properties Assessment, The Specimens Were Classified Mainly Into Four Groups (90 Specimens Each) According To The Archwire Type. Each Group Was Further Subdivided Into 6 Subgroups (15 Specimens Each) According To The Used Solution. Each Subgroup Had Been Divided Into Three Divisions (5 Specimens Each) According To The Test Parameter (surface Microhardness, Modulus Of Elasticity, Flexural Strength). Surface Microhardness Was Evaluated Using Vickers Hardness Tester. While Modulus Of Elasticity And Flexural Strength Were Measured By Subjecting The Archwires Specimens To The Three Point Bending Test Using A Universal Testing Machine. Means And Standard Deviations Were Calculated For All Tests. The Data Was Analyzed And Compared Using Two-way ANOVA Analysis And Least Significant Difference (LSD) Test (p < 0.05).

Results: Artificial Saliva Significantly Decreased The Surface Microhardness Of St. St. And Teflon-coated NiTi Archwires And Significantly Decreased The Modulus Of Elasticity Of NiTi, CuNiTi, St. St. Archwires. Tea And Coca Cola Significantly Decreased The Surface Microhardness Of CuNiTi, St. St. And Teflon-coated NiTi Archwires And Significantly Decreased The Modulus Of Elasticity Of All Archwire Specimens. Immersion Of Orthodontic Archwire Specimens In The Testing Solutions Resulted In Release Of Minute Amounts Of Metal Ions.

Conclusions: Artificial Saliva, Tea And Coca Cola Potentially Would Contribute To Biodegradation Of Orthodontic Archwires Leading To Prolonged Orthodontic Treatment And Might Damage The Surface Of Archwires. The Realative High Temperatures Of Tea And Hot Water Played An Important Role In The Release Of Metal Ions With Subsequent Significant Decrease On The Mechanical Properties Of Orthodontic Archwires. The Released Metal Ions From Archwires Were Of Such Small Amounts To Be Of Any Biologic Risk. The Quantity Of Released Metal Ions Was Within Acceptable Biocompatible Limits.

Dina Ahmed AbdEllatif , Lamiaa Sayed Kheirallah And Maha Ahmed Taymour,

ABSTRACT
Conservation Of The Tooth Substance Connected With Aesthetic Treatment Modalities For Teeth Led To Rise In The Placement Of Indirect Restorations; Inlay, Onlay, Endo-crown, Veneer, Partial Coverage And Full Coverage Restorations In The Recent Years. The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Shear Bond Strength Of Vita Enamic Discs Bonded To Enamel And Dentin Using Bifix QM Resin Cement Versus Rely X Ultimate Resin Cement.

Materials and Methods: Twenty Eight Human Premolar Teeth Were Selected Then Divided Into Two Main Groups According To The Cement Used Then Further Subdivided Into Two Subgroups According To The Dental Substrate Either Enamel Or Dentin (n=7). Ceramic Discs Of 2mm Height And 4mm Diameter Were Cemented By Relay X Ultimate As A Control And Bifix QM As An Intervention. All Specimens Were Stored In Distilled Water For 24hr At 37?. The Specimens Were Loaded Until Fracture In A Shear Test At A Crosshead Speed Of 0.5mm/min In A Universal Testing Machine After Thermocycling.

Results: Relay X Cement Showed Significant Higher Shear Bond Strength In Enamel Substrate. Bifix QM Cement Showed Non Significant Higher Bond Strength In Dentin Substrate.

Conclusions: Rely X Ultimate Becomes The Cement Of Choice In The Cementation Of Conservative Restoration As Veneers. Both Cements Can Be Used For Bonding Vita Enamic Restorations With More Preferences To Bifix QM Cement When Most Of The Preparation In Dentin.

Sharaf Mohamed Yahia, Ibrahim S. I And Eskander A.E,

ABSTRACT
Objective: To Evaluate Patients Satisfaction Of Obturator With Attachment Versus Conventional Obturator In Treatment Of Unilateral Maxillectomy.

Materials and Methods: Fourteen Patients Were Selected According To The Following Criteria : Patients Having Sufficient Number Of Natural Teeth (class I And Or Class IV Aramany Classification) Not Less Than Five Teeth, Intact Soft Palate, Sufficient Mouth Opening, Not Exposed To Radiotherapy Or Chemotherapy. Patients Were Divided Into Two Equal Groups, Each Of Seven Patients: Patients Of Group I (Comparator) Received A Clasp Retained Obturator, While Patients Of Group II(Intervention) Received An Attachment-retained Obturator (RCT). The Design Of The Definitive Obturator For Group I Included Double Aker�s Clasp On The First, Second Premolars And Molars With Alternating Buccal And Lingual Retention, Palatal Plate As A Major Connector And A Meshwork Extension At The Defect Side. For Group II, Crown Preparation Of All The Remaining Abutments Was Done. Then, In The Wax Pattern, A Lingual Guiding Plane Was Prepared And Two OT Vertical Attachments Were Attached Mesial To The Most Anterior Abutment And Palatal To The Second Premolar And First Molar. Construction Of The Splinted Crowns Were Completed And The Final Impression Was Made With The Splinted Crowns In Place To Be Picked Up Into The Impression. After Final Try-in Of The Obturator, Construction Of The Definitive Obturator Was Completed With A Hard Resin Hollowed Obturator Bulb, Functional Relining With Soft Silicone Liner For Both Groups. Evaluation Included Patient Satisfaction (primary Outcome)where Two Scales Were Followed In This Study Which Are �The Obturator Functioning Scale� And �The European Organization For Research And Treatment Of Cancer Head And Neck 35�.

Results: Patients Of Group II Were Highly Satisfied With Their Obturators, After 1, 3 As Well As 6 Months Follow-up; There Was A Statistically Significant Difference (P<0.05) For The Obturator Functional Scale Scores And The European Organization For Research And Treatment Of Cancer Head And Neck 35

Conclusions: Attachment Retained Maxillary Definitive Obturators Can Be Considered A Satisfactory Treatment Modality For Patients With Acquired Maxillary Defects. Clinical Implications: This Study May Shift The Clinical Work From Conventional Trend In Attachment Trend Which May Improve Patients Satisfaction And Quality Of Life.

Aziz F. Al-Sayed, Ghali R. Abdel Malek And Salem. Z. Amin,

ABSTRACT
Aim Of The Study: Artificial Sweeteners Such As�aspartame (APM) Are Widely Consumed Nowadays, Yet Their Long-term Health Impact Is Uncertain. The Present Work Aimed To Investigate The Effect Of Long Term Administration Of High Dose Of APM (80mg/kg.b.w) On The Structural Features Of Von Ebner�s Salivary Glands, Circumvallate Papillae And Taste Buds.

Materials and Methods: Twenty-two Male Adult Albino Laboratory Rats With Weight Range From 200 To 250 G Were Utilized In The Present Study. The Animals Were Divided Into 2 Groups; Group I: Consisted Of Eleven Rats And They Were Considered As Control Group. Group II: Consisted Of Eleven Rats And They Were Given APM (80 Mg/kg.b.w) Dissolved In Distilled Water Orally And Daily By Means Of Gastric Tube. The Rats Were Sacrificed At The End Of The Sixth Months Under Chloral Hydrate Anesthesia. The Tongue Was Subsequently Dissected And Prepared For Histological Examination Using H&E Stain, Immunohistochemical Staining Using PCNA Antibody And Finally Histomorphometric And Statistical Analysis Were Performed.

Results: The Histopathological Results After Long Term Administration Of APM Showed Partially Obliterated Trough Of Circumvallate Papilla With Hyperkeratinization. Abnormal Morphology Of The Excretory Duct Was Observed, The Ductal Lining Showed Squamous Hyperplasia With Collapsed Lumen. Severe Degeneration In The Von Ebner�s Salivary Glands With Loss Of The Normal Architecture Of The Serours Acini Were Observed With Appearance Of Signs Of Premalignancy. Immunohistochemical Results Showed Very High Rate Of Proliferative Activity After Long Term Administration Of APM In Comparison To Control Group. Conclusion: Aspartame Is Considered As A Very Harmful Premalignant Drug On Long Term Administration. So, The Public Should Be Alerted About The Adverse Effects Of Aspartame.

Eman Nabil Elezaby, Siza Yacoub Zakhary And Reham Saeed Seyam,

ABSTRACT


Introduction: This Study Compared The Effect Of 2 Rotary Nickel-titanium (NiTi) Systems; WaveOne And ProTaper Universal On Transportation, Centering Ability And Volumetric Changes Of Curved Root Canals. Methods: Thirty-four Mesiobuccal Root Canals Of Mandibular Molars (with Angles Of Curvature Ranging From 25�-35�) Were Randomly Divided Into Two Groups (n=17); WO And PU Groups. Canals Were Scanned Using A Cranex� 3Dx Machine (Soredex, Tuusula, Finland) Before And After Preparation. Root Canal Transportation And Centering Ratio Were Evaluated At 3, 5, 8 Mm From The Apex. Amount Of Removed Dentin Was Evaluated As Well. The Significance Level Was Set At P ? 0.05.

Results: There Was No Significant Difference Between Both Systems In Canal Transportation, Centering Ability And Volumetric Changes.

Conclusions: Both Systems Can Effectively Shape Curved Root Canals, While Preserving Original Canal Curvature, And Without Excessive Removal Of Dentin.

Amr Abd El-Baeth Yadak, Hussein Yahya EL-Sayed And Thuraia Mohamed Genaid,

ABSTRACT
The Aim Of The Study Was To Evaluate And Compare The Microleakage And Penetration Of A Resin Infiltrant Material (Icon�) To That Of A Resin Based Fissure Sealant RBS (Fisseal) And A Resin Modified Glass Ionomer RMGI (VitremerTM) In Induced Occlusal Fissure Caries.

Materials and Methods: Sixty Extracted Human Sound Premolars Were Utilized Where Initial Fissure Caries Was Created By A PH Cycling Procedure. Samples Were Randomly Divided Into 3 Equal Groups (n = 20) According To The Type Of The Sealing Material (group I: Icon�, Group II: Fisseal, Group III: (VitremerTM). Samples In Each Group Were Then Divided Randomly Into Two Equal Subgroups A And B Where Samples In Subgroup A Were Not Thermocycled While Those In Subgroup B Were Thermocycled In Water For 500 Cycles Between 5 And 550C. All Samples Were Immersed In 1% Methylene Blue Dye Solution For 24 Hours, Sectioned Into Two Halves Along Bucco-lingual Aspect And Inspected Under Stereomicroscope. Microleakage At The Sealant Tooth Interface Was Scored And Sealant Penetration Into The Fissure Lesions Was Rated Either Complete Or Incomplete Penetration. Data Were Analyzed Using Kruskal Wallis And Mann-Whitney U Tests (P<0.05).

Results: Kruskal Wallis Test Revealed A Statistically Significant Difference Among The Groups (P< 0.05) In The Degree Of Microleakage And Penetration, Where Group I (Icon�) Revealed The Best Results Followed By Group II (Fisseal), However The Worst Results Were Found In Group III (VitremerTM). Mann-Whitney U Test Revealed No Statistically Significant Difference Between The Microleakage Recorded In Group I And Group II (P> 0.05), While A Highly Statistically Significant Difference (P= 0.000) Was Found Between Group III Versus Both Groups I & II. Thermocycling Did Not Have A Significant Effect On Microleakage Of Any Of The Tested Materials (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Icon� And Fisseal Provided Better Sealing And Penetration Into The Non-cavitated Fissure Caries Lesion Compared To VitremerTM.

Islam Hassan, Iman Radi And Amal Kaddah,

ABSTRACT
Background: The Intolerance Of Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea To Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Has Lead To Emergence Of Oral Appliances, The Effectiveness Of Which Is Still Doubtful. Objective: To Compare Between The Mandibular Advancement Device ((MAD) As An Intervention)) And (continuous Positive Air Way Pressure (CPAP) As A Comparator)) In The Treatment Of ((patients With OSA) As A Population) Regarding The Following Outcomes, Which Are Primarily Snoring Index And Secondarily Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI). Data Sources: The Following Databases Were Searched Electronically; Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), LILACS, And PubMed And Grey Literature With Dates (17-19 March 2016).Hand Searching Of Nine Journals Was Done Electronically With Dates (1-5 March 2016), Study Bibliographies Were Reviewed And Authors Were Contacted. Study Selection: RCTs Comparing The Effect Of CPAP Or MAD On AHI And Snoring Index In Patients With OSA Were Selected By Consensus.

Results: Of 5737 Studies Initially Identified, 12 Were Included In This Review. A Meta-analysis Using Random And Fixed-effect Models To Estimate Pooled Differences Between Each Intervention Was Performed. 12 Studies (7 Of Parallel Design RCTs, 5 Of Crossover RCTs), Comparing Between MAD And CPAP, Were Included In This Review Reporting Results Of 553 Subjects. Seven Studies Of One Outcome (AHI) Were Assigned To Meta-analysis. As A Result Of Different Study Designs And Time, Three Comparisons Were Carried Out; Comparison 1 For Parallel Design After 3 Months Of Treatment, Comparison 2 For Crossover Design After 4 Months And Comparison 3 For Parallel Design After 12 Months. Fixed Effect Model Was Used For Comparison 1 And 2, While Random Effect Model Was Used For Comparison 3.

Conclusions: The Prolonged Use Of MAD (more Than One Year) Is As Effective As CPAP In Reducing The AHI. Quality Of Evidence, However, Is Very Low, Which Might Weaken The Recommendations. Properly Conducted RCTs With Follow Up Periods Longer Than One Year, Reporting Snoring, Apnea Hypopnea Index, Excessive Daytime Sleepiness And Health Quality Of Life Score Outcomes Are Still Needed.

AbdelAziz R. And EshaK M.,

ABSTRACT


Aim: The Aim Of This Study Was To Investigate Characteristic MRI Findings Of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) In The Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ). Patients And Methods: 40 TMJs From 20 RA Patients Who Have TMJ Complain Were Examined By MRI. All MRI Images Were Evaluated Separately By Two Experienced Oral Radiologists With Regard To The Presence Or Absence Of Soft Tissue And/or Osseous Abnormalities, The Radiologists Were Blinded To The Clinical Symptoms And Prior TMJ Disease. The Following Joint Abnormalities Were Noted, Synovial Membrane Thickening, Pannus Formation, Bone Marrow Edema, Disk Distortion And Disk Displacement, Bone Erosion, Flattening Of The Articular Surfaces, Sub-cortical And Generalized Sclerosis, Sub-cortical Cyst, Osteophyte, Joint Space Reduction And Abnormal Position Of The Condylar Head Within The Temporal Fossa. All These Findings Were Tabled And Analyzed.

Results: MRI Clearly Detected All Joint Abnormalities With The Most Frequent Soft Tissue Abnormality Was Synovial Membrane Thickening 85% And The Least Frequent Abnormality Was Disk Distortion 15%, Where The Most Frequent Osseous Abnormality Was Condylar Head Erosion 52.5% And The Least Frequent Was Loose Joint Body 5%. Conclusion: Bony Erosion In The Condyle And Synovial Proliferation Were Considered Characteristic MRI Findings Of RA In The TMJs.

Abdel Rahman Abu Shamleh , Nahed Attia And Rima Abdallah,

ABSTRACT
Lasers Have Been Used In Many Different Fields In Medicine And Dentistry Since Their Introduction In The 1960s. They Demonstrated Bactericidal Effects Which Are Promising For Periodontal Therapy. For This Reason, They Are Used As An Adjunct To Conventional Therapy. Diode Lasers Have Been Proposed As A Novel Treatment Option In Controlling The Subgingival Microorganisms And Studying The Shift In Inflammatory Mediators. The Purpose Of The Study Was To Reveal The Activation Profiles Of Inflammatory Cytokines In Response To Diode Laser.

Materials and Methods: This Study Was Carried Out As A Prospective Randomized Split Mouth Clinical Trial. Twenty Patients Having Generalized Chronic Periodontitis With Moderate Clinical Attachment Loss, Were Treated Using Conventional Treatment (control Site) Or Conventional Treatment With Application Of Diode Laser (test Site). Blood Panel And Collection Of GCF Were Taken Before Starting The Treatment For Each Patient And 2,6 Months For Follow Up In Order To Compare The Effect Of Diode Laser As An Adjunctive Therapy To Scaling And Root Planing (SRP) In Addition To Comparing The Clinical Parameters. Data Was Collected For Statistical Analysis Using The IBM SPSS� 20.0 Statistical Package. Statistical Significance Was Set At 0.05.

Results: In This Study, Significant Differences Were Found On The Three Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) Cytokine Levels Tested Before And After Periodontal Therapy. C-reactive Protein (CRP) And Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Alpha Were The Only Cytokines That Decreased Immediately After Treatment And Remained At Significantly Lower Levels Until The End Of The Study Period. At Two Weeks Following Treatment Of Either Scaling And Root Planing Alone Or In Conjunction Of Laser Disinfection Gingival Index (GI) Level In The Test Site Ranged Between 0.1 To 0.5 Whereas In The Control Site It Was 0.5 To 1.25. As For The Inflammatory Mediators IL-1? Ranged Between 20.12 To 24.48 In Comparison To 21.22 To 26.78 In Control Site. TNFa Ranged From (1.01-3.7) In Comparison With (1.21 - 1.89) And CRP Level Was (0.39-0.67) In Comparison With (0.23-67). In All Parameters The Test Sites Showed Better Decrease In The Inflammatory Mediators And Clinical Parameters. Conclusion: Soft Tissue Laser In Adjunct To Scaling And Root Planing Enables A Decrease In The Inflammatory Response. Effective Disinfection Becomes Possible During Initial Periodontal Therapy By Introducing The Laser Beam To The Periodontal Pocket. Soft Tissue Diode Laser Maybe Beneficial As An Adjunct To Initial Periodontal Treatment.

Ahmed Mohamed Keshk, Ahmed Emad Fayyad, Eman Ahmed Maher And Amal Fathy Kaddah,

ABSTRACT
Background: Posterior Distal Extension Partial Denture Present A Number Of Design Challenges. Especially The Equitable Distribution Of Forces That May Become Adverse During Functional And Parafunctional Activities. So To Maintain Remaining Alveolar Ridges And Teeth In An Optimal State Of Health And To Provide The Patient With Improved Comfort And Function, These Forces Are Often Compensated For To Some Extent By Framework And Denture Base Design Variation.

Purpose: The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Quality Of Life And Muscle Activity For Patients Restored By Mandibular Distal Extension Removable Partial Dentures (MDERPD) That Retained Either By CAD-CAM Designed Telescopic Crown Retainers Or CAD-CAM Designed Conventional Clasp.

Materials and Methods: 42 Partially Edentulous Patients Were Selected And Randomly Allocated Into Two Identical Groups. Group (1) Received A (MDERPD) Retained With CAD-CAM Designed Telescopic Crown Retainers. Group (2) Received A (MDERPD) Retained With CAD-CAM Designed Conventional Clasp. Each Group Evaluated As Regarding The Quality Of Life Through The Arabic Version Of OHIP-EDENT Questionnaire. The Digital Electromyography (EMG) Is Used To Record The Muscle Activity Of Anterior Temporalis And Masseter Muscles. Conclusion: CAD-CAM Designed Telescopic Crown Retained RPD Improved The Quality Of Life And Muscle Activity Of Partially Edentulous Patients More Than CAD-CAM Designed Clasp Retained RPD.

Nada Ashraf Ali Elmeligy, Amr Ezzat And Hany Saber,

ABSTRACT


Aim: The Study Was Conducted To Explore The Relationship Between The Children�s Age And Gender And Their Preoperative Fear Level As Measured By The Children�s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS), Their Behavior During Treatment As Measured By The Modified Venham Scale And Their Postoperative Fear Level As Measured By The Children�s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) In The First Dental Visit. Methods: This Study Was Conducted On 46 Children Aged Between 5 And 7 Years. Questionnaires Used Were The Children�s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) And The Modified Venham Scale. Behavior Was Registered On A Video Recorder And Scored By Independent Observers Using The Modified Venham Scale. Treatment Consisted Of Pulpotomy Followed By Zinc Oxide And Eugenol Dressing.

Results: An Insignificant Correlation Was Found Between Each Of Age And Gender And Each Of The Preoperative Fear Score, The Intraoperative Behavior And The Postoperative Fear Score. Conclusion: Age And Gender Have No Effect On Preoperative Or Postoperative Fear Scores Or On Behavior During Treatment.

Amr Temraz, Omnia Abu El-Dahab, Noha A. Ghallab And Riham Hamdy,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: This Study Is Meant To Evaluate Clinically And Radiographically The Possible Predictable Results Regarding The Use Of Amnion Chorion Allograft Barrier, Versus The Use Of Allograft Bone Putty In The Treatment Of Periodontal Intrabony Defects. Methods: This Randomized Clinical Trial Was Performed On Patients Suffering From Severe Chronic Periodontitis With 22 Intrabony Defects, The Defects Were Randomly Assigned In Two Equal Parallel Groups. The Periodontal Intrabony Defects Were Treated By OFD With Amnion Chorion Membrane (BioXclude�) As Guided Tissue Regeneration Versus Demineralized Freeze-dried Bone Allograft Putty (C-Blast�) As Bone Graft For Treatment Of Intrabony Defects. Clinical Parameters Including Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Probing Pocket Depth And Clinical Attachment Level Were Recorded At Baseline, 3 And 6 Months Post-surgery, While Radiographic Assessment Of Bone Defect Area Was Recorded At Baseline And 6 Months Postoperatively.

Results: The Clinical Parameters Recorded In This Trial, In Terms Of Gingival Index, Probing Pocket Depth Reduction And Gain In Clinical Attachment Level, Were Statistically Significant At 3 And 6 Months Post-surgically Compared To Baseline Measurements. Furthermore, Radiographic Improvements Were Observed At 6 Months Follow Up, While No Change Was Recorded For Plaque Index Reported Scores. However, No Statistically Significant Difference Was Detected Between The Two Treatment Modalities When Compared To Each Other At Different Time Intervals. Conclusion: Both BioXclude� And C-Blast� As Regenerative Techniques Provided Promising Regenerative Potentials In Management Of Periodontal Intrabony Defects. Moreover, The Uneventful Healing Process Associated With Their Use And Predictable Results Suggest Further Implementation Of Them Into Other Studies In The Field Of Periodontal Regeneration.

Aya Ezzat ElShimy, Omnia El-Sheihy And Maha Taymour,

ABSTRACT
Statement Of The Problem: Opposite To Silica-based Ceramics, Zirconia Has No Silica In Their Structure, So They Cannot Be Effectively Conditioned Using Hydrofluoric Acid. Zirconia Exhibits Weaker Bond Strength To Resin Than Other Types Of Ceramic Materials, So Repair Of Zirconia With Resin Composite Is Considered To Be Technique Sensitive And Questionable Procedure.

Purpose: The Aim Of This In-vitro Study Was To Assess The Effect Of Two Different Priming Agents On The Shear Bond Strength (SBS) Of Composite Resin Used To Repair Treated Zirconia Compared To Sandblasted Zirconia.

Materials and Methods: A Total Of 24 Zirconia Specimens (12 �10 �3 Mm) Were Sliced From Presintered ICE Zirkon Translucent Zirconia Blank Using An Isomet 98 Cutting Machine Then All The Specimens Were Sintered According To The Manufacturer�s Instructions. The Specimens Were Randomly Divided Into Three Groups According To The Surface Treatment Performed (n=8) : (1) Sandblasting With 110�m Al2O3 Particles (control Group); (2): Chemical Treatment With RelyX Ceramic Primer (RelyX Group); And (3): Chemical Treatment With Monobond Plus Primer (Monobond Plus Group). All Specimens Were Bonded To Two Resin Composite Cylinders With A Universal Adhesive System According To The Manufacturer�s Recommendations. The Samples Were Stored For 24 Hours In An Incubator At 37�C And 100% Humidity, Followed By Thermal Cycling (500 Cycles At 5�C And 55�C). The Shear Bond Strength Was Measured By The Universal Testing Machine With 500 N Load Cell And Speed Of 0.5 Mm/min. Two Representative Specimens Were Randomly Selected From Each Group To Be Examined Using Scanning Electron Microscope X1000 Magnification To Characterize The Surface Morphology Of Each Surface Treatment Method. Mean SBS (MPa) Were Analyzed With One-way Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) Followed By Pair-wise Tukey�s Post-hoc Tests To Detect Significance Between Groups. Shear Strength Was Calculated Through The Equation: ( T = F (force) / A (area) ).

Results: The Sandblasted Specimens Of The Control Group Showed The Highest Mean Shear Bond Strength With A Statistically Significant Difference While The Specimens Of The RelyX Group Showed Higher Mean Shear Bond Strength Than That Of The Monobond Plus Group With Statistically Non-significant Difference Between Them. The SEM Showed That The Sandblasted Zirconia Had The Roughest Surface With Multiple And Deep Micro-irregularities. While For The RelyX And Monobond Plus Specimens, There Were Mild And Shallow Irregularities.

Conclusions: From The Findings Of Our Study, Sandblasting Of Zirconia With 110�m Alumina Particles Enhances The Shear Bond Strength Of Resin Composite Used To Repair Zirconia-cored Restorations After Chipping Of The Veneer Layer. Sandblasting Has A Better Effect On The Shear Bond Strength Compared To The Chemical Surface Treatment Of Zirconia With RelyX And Monobond Plus Primers. Both Of RelyX And Monobond Plus Primers Have Nearly The Same Effect On The Shear Bond Strength.

Mohamed Fouad El Marakby, Manar Yehia Fouda And Marwa Mahmoud Bedier,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Aim Of This Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial Was Compare Between 2% Mepivacaine And 4% Articaine For Inferior Alveolar Nerve Blocks In Patients With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis In Mandibular Molars As Regards To Their Anesthetic Efficiency; During Access Cavity Preparation And Instrumentation. Subjects And Methods: Sixty-six Patients Diagnosed Clinically And Radiographically With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis In Mandibular Posterior Teeth Received Single-visit Root Canal Treatment Using ProTaper Universal Rotary System For Canal Preparation, They Were Randomly Divided Into Two Groups (n=33) According To The Anesthetic Solution Used, Either Group M (3.6 Ml Mepivacaine Hydrochloride 2% With 1:100000 Epinephrine) Or Group A (3.4 Ml Articaine Hydrochloride 4% With 1:100000 Epinephrine). The Pain Was Assessed Using Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) During Access Cavity Preparation And Instrumentation, Then The Need For Supplemental Anesthesia Was Also Recorded.�

Results: There Was No Statistically Significant Difference In Pain Level Between Both Groups At The Different Observation Times. The Success Rates Were Similar In Both Groups (39.4% And 45.5% In Mepivacaine And Articaine Groups Respectively) With No Difference In The Need For Supplemental Anesthesia In Both Groups. Conclusion: The Anesthetic Efficacy Of Mepivacaine And Articaine Seemed To Be Similar, Although Both Did Not Provide Acceptable Rate Of Anesthetic Success.

Randa Abdel Rahman El Naggar, M.Adel Ezzat, M. Fouad Haridy And Shereen Hafez,

ABSTRACT
Objective: This Study Was Carried Out To Evaluate The Effect Of Bleaching On The Colour Change Of Two Types Of Composite Before And After Immersion In Coffee Staining Solutions.

Materials and Methods: A Total Of 144 Specimens Were Prepared In A Circular Teflon Mould (10 X 2mm), Then They Were Divided Into 2 Equal Groups According To Composites Used Amaris And Z350XT , Then They Were Divided To Three Subgroups According To The Bleaching Protocol ; No Bleaching, Bleaching After Staining And Bleaching Before And After Staining And Then Each Group Was Further Divided Into Three Classes According To The Staining Solutions Used ;artificial Saliva, Coffee And Coffee With Sugar And Creamer. Colour Measurements Took Place At Baseline, After Bleaching And After Staining Using X-rite Spectrophotometer According To The CIE L*a*b* Colour Space.

Results: The Results Revealed That Amaris Has The Highest Mean Colour Change, Bleaching Has A Non-significant Effect On The Colour Stability Of Composite Resin But It Can Lighten The Colour Of The Stained Composite And Finally Results Revealed That Coffee Has The Highest Mean Colour Change Among The Used Staining Solutions. Conclusion: Nanofilled Composites Are More Colour Stable Than Nanohybrid Composites, Also Bleaching Is A Viable Option To Remove Extrinsic Stains From Resin Composite.

Walaa Kadry, Mervat El Deftar, Yasmine Nassar And Maha M Hakam,

ABSTRACT
Aim Of The Study: To Clinically And Radiographically (as Regards Bone Density) Assess The Outcomes Of Unilateral Alveolar Clefts Grafted With Tissue Engineered Constructs. Patients And Methods: This Study Was Conducted On Five Patients Presented With Unilateral Alveolar Clefts And Indicated For Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting. The Alveolar Clefts Were Grafted With Tissue Engineered Constructs Composed Of Osteogenically Differentiated Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) Derived From The Patient�s Bone Marrow And Loaded On Collagen Scaffolds (Osteovit). Postoperative Clinical Follow-up And A Radiographic 6 Months Postoperative Follow-up Using CT Scan Was Performed At 6 Months Follow Up Period. The Newly Formed Bone Density Was Measured From The CT Scans And Compared To The Native Bone Density On Axial CT Scans.

Results: The Newly Formed Bone Density Was (312.84 HU) Compared To The Native Bone (495.39 HU).

Omneya M. Elkadi, Gihane Gharib Madkour, Hala Salem Elmenoufy And Mahmoud El Refai,

ABSTRACT
Background: There Is Little Number Of Studies That Address The Inter-relationship Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) And Periodontitis During Pregnancy. Hence, This Study Was Conducted To Provide Further Evidence In The Possible Association Between Chronic Periodontitis And GDM By Evaluating The Level Of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-?) Of Chronic Periodontitis Patients With GDM After Phase I Periodontal Therapy. Subjects And Methods: This Study Was Conducted On 40 Subjects Divided Into 2 Groups: 20 Pregnant Females Suffering From Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Associated With Moderate To Severe Chronic Periodontitis And 20 Systemically Free Pregnant Females Suffering From Moderate To Severe Chronic Periodontitis. The Periodontal Status Of The Subjects Was Assessed At Baseline Before Phase I Periodontal Therapy And 2 Months After Completion Of The Treatment: All Subjects Have Been Screened By Comprehensive Periodontal Examination And Full Periodontal Charts Were Obtained. The Following Clinical Parameters Were Assessed To Determine The Clinical Periodontal Status Of Patients: Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), And Clinical Attachment Level (CAL). Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) And Serum Samples Were Collected From Both Study Groups To Detect TNF-? Levels. Regarding The Assessment Of TNF-?, Real-time Reverse-transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT) PCR Technique Was Used.

Results: Results Of The Present Study Observed Statistically Significant Reduction In TNF-? Levels After 2 Months From Phase I Periodontal Therapy. The Current Study Showed That, There Was A Statistically Significant Positive (direct) Correlation Between TNF-? Level, PI, GI, PPD And CAL Measurement At Baseline And After 2 Months From Phase I Periodontal Therapy. Conclusion: It Is Shown That The Levels Of TNF-? In GCF And Serum Before Treatment Were Higher In GDM Group (group 1) Than In The Control Group. Thus, The Examination Of TNF-? May Enhance The Understanding Of Pathogenesis Of Periodontitis And GDM And Its Assessment In The Treatment Process May Result In Better Control Of The Disease.

Dina Kamal , Dina Elkassas And Heba Hamza,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Investigate The Efficacy Of Biomimetic Self-assembling Peptide (P11-4) On Enamel Remineralization Compared To Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACPF) And Fluoride Based Delivery Systems. Methods: Artificially Demineralized Enamel Windows Were Created On The Buccal Surfaces Of Forty Extracted Human Molars.. Specimens Were Randomly Assigned To 4 Groups (n=10) According To The Remineralizing Agent Used: G1- (Control, Artificial Saliva), G2- (Fluoride Varnish), G3-(CPP-ACPF Varnish), G4-(Self-assembling Peptide Agent).. All Products Were Applied According To The Manufacturer�s Instructions And Specimens Were Stored In A Daily Renewed Artificial Saliva. Surface Microhardness (SMH) Was Assessed At Baseline, After Demineralization, After 1 Week And 4 Weeks Remineralization.

Results: Self-assembling Peptide Showed The Highest Statistically Significant SMH Followed By Fluoride And CPP-ACPF While The Lowest SMH As Found In Artificial Saliva. However, No Statistically Significant Difference Was Found Between Fluoride And CPP-ACPF. Higher Statistically Significant SMH Was Found After 4 Weeks Compared To 1 Week Remineralization In All Groups.

Conclusions: Self-assembling Peptide Confers The Highest Remineralizing Efficacy Compared To Fluoride And CPP-ACPF; Showing A Promising, Non-invasive Regeneration Potential. Also, Extended Period Of Time Helped To Attain More Benefits From The Remineralizing Regimens Applied.

Mariam Adel Hosny Mohamed, Rasha Mohamed Abdel Raouf And Nour El Din Ahmed Habib,

ABSTRACT


Aim: Investigate Low Temperature Degradation (aging ) Effect Of Three Ceramic CAD/CAM Block Materials: Lithium Disilicate(LD), Translucent Zirconia(TZ) And Zirconia Reinforced Lithium Silicate(ZLD) On Their Flexure Strength.

Materials and Methods: Fourteen Disc Shaped Specimens Were Prepared From Each Material(12mm Diameter And 1.2 Mm Thickness). Seven Specimens Per Material Were Subjected To Low Temperature Degradation. While The Other Seven Were Considered As Control. All Specimens Were Subjected To Biaxial Flexure Strength Testing.

Results: TZ Had The Highest Flexure Strength While There Was No Difference Between The Others. Flexure Strength Of The Three Materials Was Not Affected By Aging

Conclusions: Aging Did Not Affect The Flexure Strength. Translucent Zirconia Has The Highest Flexure Strength While No Difference Between Lithium Disilicate And Zirconia Reinforced Lithium Silicate.

Yasmine Ashraf El Banna, Sherif Bahgat El Taweel And Sara Ahmed Mahmoud,

ABSTRACT


Aim: Testing The Microshear Bond Strength Of Self Adhering Flowable Composite And Conventional Flowable Composite To Dentine Of Primary Teeth.

Materials & Methods: Thirty Sound Human Deciduous Canines Were Collected, The Collected Teeth Were Indicated For Extraction Due To Normal Shedding, Over Retention And Orthodontic Reasons. Teeth Were Assigned Into Three Groups According To The Restorative Materials Used (n=10), Group A: Self Adhering Flowable Composite (Fusio�Liquid Dentin), Group B: Self Adhering Flowable Composite (Fusio�Liquid Dentin) + Self Etch Adhesive (Single Bond Universal), Group C: Conventional Flowable Composite (Filtek� Z350 XT Flowable) + Self Etch Adhesive (Single Bond Universal). Teeth Were Restored For Microshear Bond Strength Testing Then Samples Were Stored In Isotonic Saline Solution For 24 Hours. Then Microshear Bond Strength Was Tested Using Universal Testing Machine; Load Was Applied Till Specimen�s Fail.

Results: Group B Showed The Highest Bond Strength Values While Group A Showed The Lowest Bond Strength Values (P?0.001).

Conclusions: Self Adhering Composite Applied According To Manufacturers� Instructions Produced The Least Bond Strength Values To Dentine Of Primary Teeth. However, Its Bonding Performance Improved Significantly After Preceding It With Self-etch Adhesive System.

Nour Eldeen Mohamed, Layla Mostafa Omara, Mohamed El-Faramawey And Hesham Elsayed Elhawary,

ABSTRACT
Aim Of The Study: The Purpose Of This Study Was To Compare The Survival Rate Of Immediate & Delayed Placement Of Dental Implants, Following Narrow Maxillary Ridge Splitting & Grafting By An Alloplastic Material.

Materials and Methods: The Present Study Was Conducted On 6 Patients Using 16 Implants. The Patients Were Divided Randomly Into 2 Groups, Group I Patients: Eight Sites Were Subjected To Maxillary Ridge Splitting(anterior Region), Ridge Grafting With Hydroxyapatite And Delayed Placement Of Total Number Of Eight Implants While Group II Patients: Eight Sites Were Subjected To Maxillary Ridge Splitting, Ridge Grafting With Hydroxyapatite Followed By Immediate Placement Of Total Number Of Eight Implants. Preoperative, Immediate (one Week), 3 Months And 6 Months Post-expansion And Insertion CBCT Radiographs Assessed For Measuring The Bucco-lingually Width.

Results: During The Follow Up Period, All Patients Showed No Post-operative Complications, Wound Healing Was Uneventful In All Patients, Without Any Signs Of Wound Dehesince Or Infection, All Implants Inserted Were Stable, Which Was Detected By The Periotest. The CBCT Radiograph Showed Proper Contact Between Bone And Implant, Also Showed Increase Buccolingual Width For Both Groups Immediately Post-operative And Decrease In The Width 6 Months Post-expansion And Insertion Of Implants. Conclusion: The Recent Work Has Shown That Ridge Splitting Technique Can Be A Useful Method For Managing The Narrow Maxillary Residual Ridge In Both Groups.