Firas A. Ameen , Bangen M. Karam , Saeed A. Mohammed And Huda J. Qasim,

ABSTRACT
Aims : To Determine The Influence Of Fixed Orthodontic Appliances On The Health Status Of The Periodontium In Term Of (plaque Index, Gingival Index, Probing Pocket Depth).

Materials and Methods: An Interventional Study Included 60 Volunteers, 34 Females And 26 Males Aged 20-35 Years, Those Indicated For Fixed Orthodontic Treatment Attending The Private Dental Clinic In Duhok. All Subjects Were Prepared For Accepted Oral Hygiene Status Before Fixation Of Orthodontic Appliances Then Been Followed Up After Three Months To Evaluate Periodontal Health Conditions Through Assessing Periodontal Parameters Which Include: Plaque Index, Gingival Index And Pocket Depth.

Results: Following 3 Months After Fixation Of Orthodontic Appliances All Periodontal Parameters, Plaque Index, Gingival Index And Pocket Depth, Showed Significant Increase But With No Significant Difference Between Males And Females. Conclusion: Fixed Orthodontic Appliances Might Predispose To Gingival Inflammation And Increase In Pocket Depth Through Encouraging The Adhesion Of Bacterial Biofilm.

Rasha Nour ?Eldin Mohamed Essa, Marwa Abd-Alwahab Alkassby, Nahed Samy Khamis And Amr Amin Ghanem,

ABSTRACT


Purpose: To Assess Bone Healing Following Application Of Platelet-rich Fibrin (L-PRF) Versus Xenograft As A Socket Augmentation Material, Using Histological Analysis. Methodology: This Study Was Conducted On 15 Patients (12 Females And 3 Males) With 28 Fresh Extraction Sockets In The Esthetic Zone, With Age Greater Than 18 Years, With A Mean Age (37,5�5) (9 First Premolars, 6 Second Premolars, 4 Canines, 5 Lateral Incisors And 4 Central Incisors). The Patients Were Randomly Allocated To One Of The Four Subgroups According To Time Of Implant Placement: Group A3: (n=7), Group A6 (n=7), Where L-PRF Was Applied Alone Immediately After Extraction. Group B3 (n=7), Group B6 (n=7): In Which Bio-Oss Was Placed Immediately After Extraction. Core Biopsies Where Collected After Either Three Or Six Months And Histomorphometrically Assessed To Calculate Newly Formed Bone And Osteoid Percentages With Regard To Time Of Socket Healing.

Results: There Is Statistical Significant Difference Between The Two Groups Regarding Percentage Of Newly Formed Bone (P<0.05), While There Is No Statistical Significant Difference Regarding Osteoid Percentage Between The Two Groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Xenograft Remains The Gold Standard In Enhancement Of Bone Remodeling In Post-extraction Socket As Compared To PRF. PRF In The Amount Used In The Current Study Had A Negligible Impact On The Overall Bone Quality Or Quantity In Post-extraction Sockets.

Walid Ahmed Ghanem, Ibrahim Hussein Ahmed, Mohammed Ahmed El- Sholkamy And Islam Mohammed Ibrahim El- Matary,

ABSTRACT
The Purpose Of This Study Was To Evaluate Two Different Methods Used For Promotion Of Extraction Bony Socket Healing (clinically And Histologically).

Materials and Methods: This Study Was Carried Out On Twenty Seven Mature Healthy Dogs With Average Weight 20 Kg. The Animals Were Subjected To Surgical Extraction Of The Lower Second Premolar Atrumatically. The Dogs Were Equally Divided Into Three Groups. Group I; Acted As Control Group. For Group II; The Extraction Sockets Were Filled With Platelet-rich Fibrin (PRF) Alone While Group III; The Extraction Sockets Were Filled With PRF-mixed ?-TCP. All Extraction Sockets Were Closed By Resorbable Interrupted Sutures (3 ? 0 Vicryl). The Extraction Sockets Ridge Dimensions Were Measured By Divider And Ruler. Clinical, Histological Evaluation And Histomorphometric Analysis Were Done After Sacrifying The Animals At 3, 6 & 12 Weeks Post-operatively. The Gathered Data Were Analyzed By Using Kruskal-Wallis Test With The Use Of SPSS Version 14.

Results: Upon Comparing The Three Groups Under Investigation, 3, 6, 12 Weeks After Surgery; The Clinical Healing Of The Three Groups Was The Same Without Complications. 12 Weeks Post-operatively, The Ridge Dimensions Of The Extraction Sockets For Group I (control Group) Showed Pronounced Resorption, Group II (PRF Group) Showed Almost Good Healing With Little Bone Resorption, While Group III (PRF- Mixed ?-TCP Group) Showed Extraction Socket Enlargement, Demonstrating Significant Difference Statistically. Histological Examination Showed Formation Of Woven Bone Within The Extraction Sockets. The Percentage Of Newly Formed Bone Within The Extraction Sockets Measured By Histometry, Showed Statistically Significant Difference, Twelve Weeks Post-operative; The Mean Extent Of Bone Formation In Group I(control Group) 0.281 � 0.105,while Group II (PRF Group) 0.511 � 0.113 And Group III (PRF-mixed ?-TCP Group) The Extent Was 0.661 � 0.088 In A 20 �m2 Surface Area. Conclusion: The Use Of PRF Is A Successful Procedure For Extraction Socket Healing And Alveolar Ridge Preservation. However, PRF- Mixed ?-TCP Graft Material Showed Synergestic Effect On Bone Healing That Can Be Used For Reconstruction Of Large Bone Defect And Extraction Socket With Destructed Walls.

Radwa Hamam Gaafer , Yasser Fathi Hussien And Amr Helmy Mostafa,

ABSTRACT


Introduction: Resin Modified Calcium Silicates Cement (RMCS) Has Been Reported To Stimulate Pulp Cells To Form Secondary Dentin In The Form Of Hydroxyapatite Crystals. Aim Of The Work: This Study Was Carried Out To Evaluate The Biological Effect, Compressive Strength And Diametral Tensile Strength Of Resin Modified Calcium Silicate Cement And MTA.

Materials and Methods: For Biological Effect On Dental Pulp Of Dog, Two Healthy Male Dogs Were Used For Direct Pulp Capping Procedure. Class V Cavities Were Prepared On The Labial Surface Of Posterior Teeth Till Pulp Exposure And Capped With Tested Materials And Filled With Glass Ionomer. After Four Weeks The Pulp Capped Teeth Were Extracted And Prepared For Study Of The Histopathological Effect On The Pulp. For Compressive Strength Test, 10 Samples From Each Material (resin Modified Calcium Silicate & MTA Cem) Were Prepared In A Cylindrical Teflon Mold (6 ?3 Mm). And Then Compressed In Instron Till Fracture. For The Diametral Tensile Strength Test 10 Samples From Each Material Were Prepared In A Cylindrical Teflon Mold (3 ?6 Mm). Then They Were Compressed Diametrically Till Fracture The Samples Into Two Halves.

Results: Data For Histopathological And Mechanical Were Collected, Tabulated And Statistically Analyzed Using One Way ANOVA Test For Mechanical Results And Independent T- Test For Histopathological Results, The Inflammatory Cell Response Of Resin Modified Calcium Silicate Cement Was More Than MTA. The Compressive Strength Of Resin Modified Calcium Silicate Cement Was 85.3�11.1 Mpa While The Compressive Strength Of MTA Cem And Was 3.4�0.9 Mpa. The Results Of Diametral Tensile Strength Were For Resin Modified Calcium Silicate Cement Higher Than MTA Cem. Conclusion: Resin Modified Calcium Silicate Cement Has Higher Inflammatory Cell Response And Mechanical Properties Than MTA.

Dina Ihab Kamal Amin Yacoub, Amr A. Shabka, Maha El Baz And Mona Fadel,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Fracture Resistance Of Four Different Resin Composite Materials; Two Ormocer Based And Two Non-ormocer Based Materials, To Restore Mesio-occlusal-distal Cavity Preparations Of Two Widths, Either 1/3 Inter-cuspal Distance Or 1/2 Inter-cuspal Distance. Methods: 80 Freshly Extracted Human Premolar Teeth Were Selected For This Study. Teeth Were Randomly Divided Into 2 Groups Of 40 Teeth Each, According To Cavity Width. Group B1: Cavity Width Was Prepared 1/3 The Inter-cuspal Distance And Group B2: Cavity Width Prepared 1/2 The Inter-cuspal Distance. Each Group Was Furtherly Subdivided Into 4 Subgroups Of 10 Teeth Each, According To The Type Of Restorative Material Used. MOD Cavities Were Prepared And Standardized In All Dimensions Except For The BL Width Of The Cavity. Etch And Rinse Adhesive System Futurabond M+ Was Used For All Specimens. Resin Composite Restoration Was Applied Either Incremental Or Bulk According To The Type Of Restorative Material: Admira Fusion Xtra (ormocer-based Bulk-fill Composite); Admira Fusion (ormocer-based Incremental Composite); Xtra Fil (conventional Bulk-fill Composite); Or GrandioSo (conventional Incremental Composite). All Teeth Were Tested For Fracture Resistance In A Universal Testing Machine With A 5 Mm Diameter Stainless Steel Sphere Applied On The Inclined Planes Of The Buccal And Lingual Cusps Of The Tested Specimens At A Cross-head Speed Of 0.5 Mm/min Until Fracture Occurred. Data Was Statistically Analyzed Using Three Way ANOVA To Compare Between Tested Materials, Application Technique And Cavity Width For Mean Fracture Resistance (N). Independent T-test Was Used To Compare Between Different Materials, Application Technique And Cavity Width Within Each Variable. Significant Level Was Set At P<0.05.

Results: Results Showed That Ormocer Based Composites Showed Significantly Lower Fracture Resistance Compared To Non-ormocer Based Materials. Regarding The Effect Of Application Technique, Bulk Fill Technique Showed Significantly High Fracture Resistance When Used To Restore Cavities Of 1/3 ICD. While Incremental Technique Showed High Significant Fracture Resistance In Cavities Of 1/2 ICD.

Conclusions: Ormocer Based Composites Did Not Improve The Fracture Resistance Of Teeth When Compared To Conventional Composites. The Fracture Resistance Of Teeth Was Not Influenced By The Technique Of Composite Application (incremental And Bulk Fill). Clinical Significance: The Cavity Width Seemed To Be The Only Factor That Really Had An Effect On The Fracture Resistance Of The Teeth.

Mahmoud Sakr , Kareem Mahr And Wael M. Refai,

ABSTRACT


Aim: The Study Was To Compare Between Two Different Torquing Modalities In Anterior Maxillary Permanent Teeth Using Cone Beam CT (3D Analysis)

Materials and Methods: Cone Beam Computed Tomographic Radiographs Of 20 Patients Suffering From Flaring In The Maxillary Anterior Teeth And All Cases Indicated For First Premolars Extraction. Half Of Them Had Been Treated With (0.017 ? 0.025 Inches) Preformed Reverse Curve TMA With Closing (T-loop )and The Other Half Had Been Treated With Torquing Spring As An Auxiliary Spring Under The Main Arch-wire Together With Continuous Power Chain For Retraction Of The Upper Anterior Teeth. The Pre And Post CBCTs Were Analyzed Three Dimensionally Using The Image Processing Method(*). Angular Measurements For The Maxillary Four Anteriors Were Taken To Evaluate The Performance Of Both Appliances To Evaluate Amount Of Torque Control During Retraction.

Results: Torqueing Spring Appliance Controlled Torque During Retraction More Than The TMA Closing Preformed (T-loop ). Conclusion: Using Of Torqueing Spring Appliance Are More Effecient To Produce Bodily Movement Than The TMA Closing Preformed (T-loop ).

Ahmed M. Abdelaal , Magdy M. Ali And Dalia A. Moukarab,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Purpose Of This Study Was To Evaluate Sealing Ability And Adaptation Of Resin And Bioceramic Sealers In Curved Canals.

Materials and Methods: Eighty Human Mandibular 1st Molars Which Have Curved Roots Ranged From 5? To 15? (Schneider Degree) Were Decoronated, The Root Length Was Determined. Instrumentation Was Done Using ProTaper Rotary Files, Samples Were Divided Into Two Experimental Groups (n=40 For Each Group) According To The Type Of Sealer Used For Obturation Of Root Canals (AH Plus& ((TotalFill). Each Group Was Further Divided Into Two Subgroups According To The Test Of Evaluation Being Carried Out As Sealing Ability (n=30) And Adaptation (n=10). Sealing Ability Was Evaluated By Dye Penetration Method (clearing Technique) And Adaptation Using Scanning Electron Microscope. Data Was Collected And Statistically Analyzed.

Results: The Dye Penetration In Roots Which Obturated Using TotalFill Bioceramic Sealer Was Significantly Higher Than In Roots Which Obturated Using AH Plus Resin Sealer. A Statistically Significant Difference Was Found Between AH Plus And Total Fill BC Sealer. Regarding The Adaptation, More Gaps Were Observed In Samples Which Obturated Using TotalFill BC Sealer When Compared With Samples Which Obturated Using AH Plus Resin Sealer. The Highest Mean Value Was Found In (Apical) Third Followed By (Middle) Third, While The Lowest Mean Value Was Found In (Coronal) Third For Both Sealers, More Gaps Were Observed At The Apical Level Of Both Sealers Types Than At The Middle And Coronal Levels. Conclusion: It Was Concluded AH Plus Resin Sealer Provides Better Sealing Ability And Adaptation Than Total Fill Bioceramic Sealer In Curved Canals.

Aly Elkady, Karim Aboubakr And Amina Zaki,

ABSTRACT
Statement Of Problem: Zirconia Reinforced Lithium Silicate Ceramics Have Been Introduced As An Alternative To Lithium Disilicate Ceramics. Manufacturers Market The Novel Material As A More Translucent And Stronger Ceramic That Was Indicated For Similar Applications. Scarcity Of Published Literature Regarding The Color And Translucency Of The Material Warrants An Investigation To Better Predict The Clinical Outcome Of Dental Restorations.

Purpose: Evaluation Of The Translucency Parameters (TP) And Color Difference From Standard (?E) Of Two Machinable Glass Ceramic Materials Namely IPS E.max CAD (EM) And Vita Suprinity PC (VS); Constructed Of Three Different Thicknesses That Represent The Incisal, Middle And Cervical Regions Of A Laminate Veneer Restoration.

Materials and Methods: Blocks Of IPS E.max CAD And Vita Suprinity PC (A3 Shade HT Opacity) Were Sectioned In A Transverse Orientation To Obtain Twenty-one Specimens Of Each Material. Each Group Contained Three Subgroups Of Seven Specimens According To The Thickness Approximately 0.3, 0.6, And 0.9 Mm (� 0.05 Mm) Thicknesses. All Specimens Were Subjected To Spectrophotometric Analysis Before And After Glazing Over A White Background And Over A Black Background To Determine Their Translucency Parameters (TP). Vita Lumin Shade Guide A3 Tab Was Used As A Reference Color Measurement For Color Difference Calculations (?E). Repeated Measures Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) Was Used To Study The Effect Of Ceramic Type, Thickness, Glazing And Their Interaction On Mean TP And Color Changes. Bonferroni?s Post-hoc Test Was Used For Pair-wise Comparisons When ANOVA Test Is Significant.

Results: All Specimens Showed A Statistically Significant Decrease In TP And A Statistically Significant Increase In ?E After Glazing. The Thicker The Specimen The Closer It Matched The Shade Reference And The Lower Its Translucency. IPS E.max CAD Specimens Demonstrated Lower Mean TP Values And Higher Mean ?E Values. Conclusion: Regardless Of The Thickness Of The Material, IPS E.max CAD Specimens Were Significantly More Translucent That Vita Suprinity Specimens. Regardless Of The Material Used, The 0.9 Mm Thickness Specimens Showed The Lowest ?E And TP Values Followed By The 0.6 Mm Thickness Specimens Then The 0.3 Mm Thickness Specimens. Regardless Of Material And The Thickness, Glazed Specimens Showed A Statistically Significant Lower Translucency Than Unglazed Specimens. Vita Suprinity Showed A Lower Mean Color Difference Compared To The Reference Shade Tab Regardless Of The Background Or Thickness Of The Specimen. Clinical Implications: The Use Of Vita Suprinity For Laminate Veneer Restorations Would Allow The Clinician To Achieve The Desired Shade While Maintaining Conservatism. The Use Of Vita Suprinity Is Recommended In Clinical Situations Where Color Masking Is Important And Working Space Is Limited Which Would Expand The Range Of Indicated Clinical Situations Where Laminate Veneers Are Advocated.

Shimaa Mohamed El Tantawy, Mohamed Sediek. M. Kamel And Waleed. M. Elshahawy,

ABSTRACT
Background: Angulated Abutments In Implant Dentistry Has Become Necessary To Enable The Production Of Functional And Esthetic Restorations As A Result Of Patient And Clinician Expectations.

Purpose: To Evaluate Fracture Resistance Of Three-unit Implant-supported Fixed Dental Prosthesis Fabricated Over Two Abutments With Two Different Angulations (one Was Straight While The Other Was Angled Abutment 15o).

Materials and Methods: Thirty Implant Analogs With Their Abutments (TUT Dental Implant System, Egypt) Were Impeded In Auto-polymerized Acrylic Resin Blocks. Three Unit Porcelain Fused To Metal Restoration Was Fabricated On Each Specimen. Specimens Were Divided According To Abutment Angulation Into Three Groups (n=10 For Each Group). In Group (A), The Two Implant Abutments Are Zero Degree Angulation. Group (B), The Anterior Abutment Is Straight And The Posterior One Is Angled 15o. Group (C), The Two Abutments Have 15o Angulation. The Restorations Were Luted Using Provisional Resin Cement ( Provilat, Promedica , Neumunster , Germany) Under Static Load Of 3 Kg. Specimens Were Tested For Fracture Resistance Using A Universal Testing Machine At A Crosshead Speed Of 1 Mm/min. Fracture Resistance Was Recorded In Newton. The Specimens Were Examined Under Stereomicroscope To Detect The Mode Of Failure. Statistical Analysis Of The Results And Comparison Between Groups Were Performed Using One Way ANOVA (significance At P�0.05) Followed By Post-hoc Test. Result : The Highest Mean Values Were Recorded In The Second Group (B) Which Have Abutments With Different Angulations (2466.79 � 286.11) N Followed By The Third Group Where The Two Abutments Were Angled 15o (2016.21 � 414.44) N, While The Control Group Was The Lowest One (1749.47 � 257.76) N. Conclusion: Statistically Significant Difference (P <0.05) Was Found Between Different Studied Groups. Group (B) Have The Highest Fracture Resistance Value Among The Other Tested Groups .

Suzan Abdullah Ahmed Abduellah, Basma Gamal Moussa And Nesrine Mohammed Khairy,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Purpose Of This Study Was To Compare The Effect Of Phonophoresis And Ultrasound Therapies In The Treatment Of Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome (MPDS). Methods And Material: Double Blinded Study Conducted Upon 21 MPDS Female Patients, Dividing Into Two Groups: First Group Ultrasound (US) And Second Group With Phonophoresis(PH). Number Of Trigger Points, Pain, Mouth Opening, And Clicking Were Evaluated At The End Of The Treatment, One, Two And Three Months Post-operative.

Results: PH Group Showed Statistically Significantly Lower Mean Pain Score Than US Group At 2 Weeks As Well As 1 Month Postoperatively, While At 2 Months And 3 Months Postoperatively There Was No Statistically Significant Difference Between Pain Scores In The Two Groups, And Percentage Of 75% In The Studied Groups Showed Reduction In The Number Of Trigger Points. In Both Groups There Were Significant Increase Of Mouth Opening After Treatment. Conclusion: This Study Concluded That Phonophoresis Is Better Than Ultrasound Therapy In Short Term In Some Parameters, But No Superiority Effect For Phonophoresis Than Ultrasound In Long Term In The Treatment Of MPDS.