Doaa M. Galal, Mohamed S. Farag And Nabeel E. Shamaa .,

ABSTRACT
Objective: Studies On The Relationship Between Children?s Malocclusion And Its Psycho-social Impacts Are So Far Largely Unexplored. This Study Aimed To Assess The Prevalence Of Malocclusion, Reported Dental Problems And Dissatisfaction With Dental Appearance Among Primary Public And Private School Children In Ismailia City, Egypt.

Materials and Methods: A Randomly Selected Cross Sectional Study Was Carried Out On 400 School Children From Public And Private Schools With Equal Gender Distribution Of Age Range 9 To 12 Years; With Mean Age 10.988 Old And SD �0.793. The Participants Completed A Face To Face Interviews And A Full Mouth Clinical Examination In Their Schools. A Questionnaire Was Used For Recording The Data. Data Were Analyzed Using SPSS, V-20, Descriptive, Chi-square And Correlation Coefficient Tests Were Applied.

Results: The Difference In Prevalence Of Awareness Of Orthodontic Treatment In Public And Private School Children Recorded About Five Times Of The Public Sample Did Not Hear About It While In The Private Sample Was 1/6th. This Difference In Orthodontic Treatment Awareness Was Highly Significant (p<0.05). This Difference In Prevalence Of Malocclusion In Male And Female In Both Schools Types Was In-significant. Conclusion: There Is Obvious Difference Of Awareness On Orthodontic Treatment Between Public And Private School Children. The Results Support The Expectation That Children In Private Sample Would Have Better Attitude Towards The Awareness Of Orthodontic Treatment Than The Public Sample.

Antonious Naeem Ayad , Maha Eshak Amer And Mohamed Salah Abdel Motamed,

ABSTRACT


Purpose: Assessment The Accuracy Of CBCT In Detection Of Horizontal Root Fracture By Alternation Of Exposure Parameters In Endodontic Treated Teeth

Materials and Methods: 18 Single-rooted Human Teeth Will Be Selected Then Inspected By Trans-illumination For The Absence Of Root Fracture, And By Conventional Periapical Radiographs To Observe Root Canal Anatomy. Teeth With Caries Extending To The Root, Restorations, Pulp Calci?cations, Root Resorption Or Root Fracture Will Be Excluded. Finally Each Tooth Coded And Divided Into Two Groups:, Nine Teeth With Obturation With Guttapecha Only And Nine Teeth With Obturation With Gutta-percha And With Root Fracture. Then The Roots Of Teeth Will Be Fractured By Hummer With Standardized Force Perpendicular To The Long Axis Of The Tooth. Each 3 Teeth Will Be Mounted Separately In A Blocks That Will Be Made From Silicon Impression Putty. Then The Blocks Will Be Placed In A Fine Plastic Cylinder Containing Water To Simulate Soft Tissue. The Cylinder Will Be Placed On The Chin Rest Of CBCT Unit. The Teeth Will Be Imaged By Centering The Block In A Smallest Field-of-view FOV (H ? D) 50 ? 50 Mm. By Changing In Exposure Parameters (5 MA) With Standardized Resolution, (5 MA) With High Resolution, (10 MA) With Standardized Resolution And (10 MA) With High Resolution We Produce 72 Evaluations Detected By Three Radiologists.

Results: There Is No Significant Difference By Different Parameters Of CBCT To Detect HRF In Endodontic Treated Teeth With Gutta-percha. Standardized Resolution With (5 MA) Is The Most Specific Parameter To Detect HRFs In Endodontic Treated Teeth With Gutta-percha.

Conclusions: Diagnostic Accuracy Of CBCT In Detection Of HRFs Does Not Affected By Alternating Resolution And Milliampere.

Esmat A.G, El-Sharaby F.A And El-Ezz A.A,

ABSTRACT
Background: Patients Rank Pain As The Worst Aspect Of Orthodontic Treatment, And It Is The Foremost Reason For Wanting To Terminate The Treatment. Pain And Discomfort Are Of High Prevalence During Fixed Orthodontic Treatment And Are Reported To Occur In 91?95% Of Patients. Orthodontic Patients Expressed Feeling Pain During And After Several Procedures As Separator Placement And Initial Archwire Placement. These Side Effects May Discourage Patients Or Reduce Their Compliance During The Course Of Treatment. Orthodontic Pain Reaches Its Peak Intensity At 24 Hours Or 1 Day After Force Application And Lasts For The Following One Week. Analgesics Such As Acetaminophen And Ibuprofen Remain The Most Preferred And Most Commonly Used Method For Managing Orthodontic Pain. Objectives : The Aim Of This Study Was To Compare The Analgesic Effectiveness Of Ibuprofen Versus Paracetamol During The Initial Stages Of Fixed Orthodontic Treatment And Evaluate Their Effect On The Rate Of Tooth Movement Through The Performance Of A Systematic Review To Search And Critically Appraise The Quality Of The Evidence Available, Based On A Sound Inclusion And Exclusion Criteria.

Results: Eleven Articles Were Eligible For Qualitative Analysis While Eight Were Eligible For The Quantitative Analysis (531 Participants). Meta-analysis Using The Random Effects Model To Evaluate The Standard Mean Difference (SMD) With Level Of Significance Set At P�0.05 Was Performed To Evaluate The Analgesic Effect Of Ibuprofen And Acetaminophen At 2,6 And 24 Hours. The Results Showed Insignificant Differences Between The 2 Drugs In All Of The Studied Primary Outcomes. Conclusion: The Currently Available Evidence Was Insufficient To Form A Definitive Conclusion Regarding The Effectiveness Of Ibuprofen Versus That Of Paracetamol In Managing Orthodontic Pain And Their Effects On The Rate Of Tooth Movement. Ibuprofen Mean Pain Scores Were Lower Than That Of Acetaminophen But They Were Not Statistically Significantly Different From That Of Acetaminophen.

Noha Hamada, Hossam Kandil, Ghada Borhan And Mahmoud Abdel Raouf Shalash .,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Purpose Of The Current Study Aimed To Assess The Reliability Of CBCT Imaging Modality In The Field Of Computer Guided Surgery By Evaluating The Dimensional Accuracy Of Three-dimensional Bone Supported Surgical Stent Fabricated On Mandibular Jaw Model And Generated From CBCT. Methods: A Total Of 10 Dummy Implants (legacy, Implant Direct) Were Placed In Two Mandibular Models (n=5). Preoperative Scans Were Taken By CBCT Scanner (SCANORA 3D), Implant Plan And Surgical Stent Design Were Done By On Demand And Implant Studio Software, The Surgical Stent Was 3D Printed By Selective Laser Sintering (FORMIGA P110, EOS, Germany) . Postoperative CBCT Scans Were Done With The Same Preoperative Parameters. Both Preoperative And Postoperative CBCT Scans Were Superimposed For The Angular And Linear Deviations To Be Calculated.

Results: The Statistical Analysis Showed Significant Difference Between The BL And MD Angular Deviation, With The Highest Mean Value Found In Buccolingual Angular Deviation Measurement (2.32 � 1.89), While Mesiodistal Angular Deviations Showed Lower Mean Value (1.32 � 1.17). Regarding The Linear Apical Depth Deviation, It Showed The Lowest Mean Value (0.46 � 0.29). Conclusion: The Implants Were Placed With Accuracy And Precision Comparable To The Accepted Range Stated In The Previously Reviewed Studies, Which Proves The Reliability And Predictability Of The CBCT Conjugating With Computer Guided.

Ahmed Gaser Saeed Omara, Mohamed Seddik M. Kamel And Waleed Mohamed Elshahawy .,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Purpose Of This In-vitro Study Was To Study And Compare The Fracture Resistance Of Visiolign And Feldspathic Porcelain On Zirconium Core Methods: Specimens Consist Of 20 Samples Of Lower Mandibular First Molar Which Was Ready Made From Ivory Teeth (nissin, Japan) Were Mounted In An Acrylic Blocks With Standard Preparation. Production Of Zirconia Core Was Done With The Aid Of Computer Aided Designing /computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) System. Standardization Of Restoration Was Done With Standard CAD/CAM Wax Pattern Design. Twenty Specimens Were Equally Divided Into Two Groups. In The First Group, 10 Samples Were Veneered With Feldspathic Porcelain . In The Second Group, 10 Sample Were Veneered With Visiolign, Fracture Resistance Was Tested For All Specimens Using Universal Testing Machine. The Failure Mode Was Evaluated As Repairable Or Non -repairable Result: Fracture Resistance : For Porcelain Veneered Group, It Was Found That Thermo-mechanical Aging Affected Fracture Resistance Significantly; For Visiolign Veneered Group, It Was Found That Thermo-mechanical Aging Affected Fracture Resistance Non-significantly Where Non-aged Subgroup Recorded Higher Nonsignificant Mean Value Than Aged Subgroup; Porcelain Vs. Visiolign Veneered Group For Aged Subgroups. It Was Found That Porcelain Veneered Group Recorded Higher Fracture Mean Value) Than Visiolign Veneeredmean Value. The Difference Between Both Groups Was Statistically Non-significant. For Non-aged Subgroup. It Was Found That Porcelain Veneered Group Recorded Higher Fracture Mean Value Than Visiolign Veneered Mean Value. The Difference Between Both Groups Was Statistically Significant. Effect Of Veneering Material It Was Found That Veneering Material Affected Fracture Resistance Significantly Where (Porcelain Veneered Mean Value >Visioning Veneered Mean Value) As Indicated By Two-way ANOVA (p=0.0384< 0.05)

Conclusions: It Was Found That Visiolign Is Durable And Has Comparable Fracture Resistance To Feldspathic Porcelain On Zirconium Core. The Common Mode Of Failure In Veneered Restoration Is Repairable .

Howaida Fakhry, Eman Ali Abouauf, Rania Mosallam And Amira Farid Elzoghbi,

ABSTRACT
Objective: This Study Was Carried Out To Compare The Effect Of Xylitol Containing Chewing Gum With/without Bicarbonate Versus Paraffin Pellet On Salivary PH In High Caries Risk Patients.

Materials and Methods: Thirty Six High Caries Risk Participants Were Randomly Divided Into Three Groups (n=12), A1: Xylitol Gum (Trident Original), A2: Xylitol-sodium Bicarbonate Gum (Eco-Dent Between) And A3: Paraffin (control). Baseline Saliva PH Was Measured, Then Participants Were Allowed To Chew Gum Over Five Minutes And Stimulated Saliva PH Was Re-measured. Data Were Tabulated And Statistical Analyzed For Each Group And Between Groups.

Results: There Was Statistically Significant Increase In PH In Each Group After Chewing. However, Intergroup Comparison Indicated Statistically Non-significant Difference. Conclusion: The Act Of Chewing Is More Important Than Active Ingredient Present In Chewing Gum In Stimulating Salivary Flow Thus Neutralizing Its PH.

Maha Sayed Mohamed , Salma Belal Eiid, Dina Mohamed El Beshlawy And Sahar Hosny El Dessouky,

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The Purpose Of This Study Was To Compare The Intraoral Periapical Radiographic Techniques (parallel And Bisecting Techniques) And The ULD CBCT Protocol For Their Detection Capabilities Of Simulated Horizontal Root Fractures With Different Angles. Methodology: 195 Extracted Incisors Were Divided Into Three Equal Groups Of 65 Teeth Each. Artificially Simulated Incomplete HRF Were Prepared In Two Groups With Two Different Angulations (75� & 45�), And At Two Different Locations (cervical And Middle) By Using A Separating Disk, Where The Third Group Was The Control Group. Positioning Of The Teeth Was Randomly Undertaken In The Sockets Of A Dry Human Skull And Mandible, And Then Imaged Using The Three Radiographic Techniques. For Qualitative Analysis, Sensitivity, Specificity, And Test Diagnostic Accuracy Were Calculated. For Quantitative Assessment, Dahelberg Error (DE) And Bland And Altman Limits Of Agreements (LOA) Were Applied. For Inter And Intra-observer Reliability Analysis, Kappa Measure Of Inter-rater Agreement And Intra-class Correlation Coefficients (ICC) Were Calculated.

Results: The ULD CBCT Has The Highest Sensitivity, Specificity And Diagnostic Accuracy For Detecting HRF At Any Angle And Location. Regarding The Accurate Determination Of The Oblique Course Of Fracture Lines, The Intraoral Radiographic Techniques Showed A Very Low Concordance Compared To ULD CBCT. The Magnitude Of Absolute Measurement Error For The Whole Set Of Teeth Was 1.89� With No Statistical Significant Difference, 95% CI (-5.09 ? 5.41). Additionally, Very Good To Excellent Inter And Intra-observer Agreement Was Perceived When Considering The Measurement Of The Simulated HRF Angulation (0.78 - 0.99). Conclusion: The ULD CBCT Imaging Protocol Of Planmeca Promax 3D Mid Was The Best Modality For Detection And Localization Of HRF With High Validity And Reliability In Angular Measurement Assessment.

Ahmed Adel Mahmoud Gadallah And Omiama Salah El-Din El-Mahallawi,

ABSTRACT
Considering The Method Of Data Transfer To The Laboratory Is Crucial To Provide The Most Accurate And Predictable Result. Two Access Points To The Digital Workflow Of Computer-aided Design/computer-aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) Which Are Indirect And Direct Digitizing Techniques Are Available At The Present Stage. In This Study Effect Of Two Different Digital Scanning Technique On Marginal And Internal Adaptation Of Laminate Veneer Restorations Was Investigated.

Materials and Methods: An Extracted Upper Central Incisor Was Scanned Using Intra-oral Scanner (CEREC Omnicam) And Extra-oral (CEREC InEos-X5) To Fabricate Laminate Veneer From Vita Mark II Blocks. Then Direct Vertical Marginal Gap Was Measured Using Measuring Stereomicroscope (Nikon Eclips E600, Tokyo, Japan) Connected With An IBM Compatible Personal Computer Using A Fixed Magnification Of 45X. Internal Fit Was Measured Using Silicone Replica Technique Which Was Measured At Set Points Using Digital Microscopy At ?35 Magnification.

Results: 1-vertical Marginal Gap: It Was Found That Group IN Recorded Statistically Non-significant (p>0.05) Higher Mean Value (29.34�3.84 �m) Than Group OM (23.42�5.63�m) As Indicated By Unpaired T-test. 2-internal Fit Discrepancy: It Was Found That Group IN Recorded Statistically Significant (p<0.05) Higher Mean Value (89.43�4.61�m) Than Group OM (76.49�3.81�m) As Indicated By Unpaired T-test. Conclusion: For A Single Vita Mark II Laminate Veneer Restoration Intraoral Scanning Using Cerec Omnicam Scanner Is More Appropriate Digitizing Technique Than Extra-oral Scanning Technique Using InEos X5 Scanner.

Mohamed T. Kamal, Cherif A. Mohsen And Raessa M.Mohammed,

ABSTRACT
Objective The Purpose Of This Study Was To Assess Retention And Microleakage Of Endocrown Constructed Of Two Different Materials Namely IPS E.max And Hybrid Ceramic Compared To Conventional Endo/post/crown Technique.

Materials and Methods: Forty Mandibular Endodontically Treated Molars Will Be Classified Into 2 Groups According Technique Of Restoration. Group I (involving 20 Endodontically Treated Molars Restored With Post, Core And Crowns, Group II (involving 20 Endodontically Treated Molars Restored With Endocrowns). Then Each Group Will Be Divided Into 2 Subgroups (10 Samples For Each Group) According To Material Of Construction Of Crown And Endocrown Into Subgroup I (IPS E-max Press Crown And Vita Enamic Crown) And Subgroup II (IPS E-max Press Endocrown And Vita Enamic Endocrown). Then Sub Group Will Be Divided Into Sub Classes (5 Samples For Each) According To Type Of Test (retention And Microleakage). Specimens Which Will Have Being Tested For Retention ,mounted In A Universal Testing Machine And Will Be Subjected To Tensile Load At A Crosshead Of 5 Mm/min The Load Required For Debonding Was Recorded In Newton. While For Microleakage Test, The Samples Were Immersed Into 0.5 % Methylene Blue (M.B) Solution For 24 Hours At Room Temperature In An Incubator At 37�C Then They Were Sectioned In B-L Direction By Isomet And Dye Penetration Depth Was Measured Using Nikon MA 10 Followed By Image Analysis Using Computer Software. The Data Was Collected For Microleakage (dye Penetration), Tabulated And Statistically Analyzed. Result: It Was Found That The The Highest Retention Mean Value Was Recorded For Vita Enamic Conventional Crown (479.5+_38.4) While The Lowest Retention Mean Value Was Recorded For Vita Enamic Endocrown Which Recorded (85.7�14.7). The Difference Between Groups Was Statistically Significant As Indicated By Two Way ANOVA Test (F=44.9, P Value = <0.001 < 0.05) Besides, It Was Found That The Highest Microleakage Mean Value Was Recorded For Vita Enamic Conventional Crown (915.9�40.7) While The Lowest Microleakage Mean Value Was Recorded For E-max Endocrown Preparation Design Which Recorded (395.2�42.2). The Difference Between Groups Was Statistically Significant As Indicated By Two Way ANOVA Test (F= 5.26, P Value = <0.036< 0.05) Conclusion 1- Bond Strength To All Ceramic Is Influenced By Amount Of Tooth Structure Involved In Cementation And What?s Structure It Bonded As Vita Enamic Conventional Crown Retained By Post And Composite Core Is The Most Retentive Restoration. 2- Microleakage Under Restoration Affected By Impression Techniques, Processing Technology As Pressing Technique Is Less Micro Gab And Microleakage Than Milling Technique.

Mohamed T. Ahmed, Cherif A. Mohsen And Raessa M. Mohammed,

ABSTRACT
Objective: The Aim Of This Study Is To Compare Between Retention Of Resin Cement And Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement Used For Cementation Of IPS E.max Crowns Over Titanium And Zirconia Implant Abutments

Materials and Methods: Twenty Implant Analogs Were Embedded In 20 Blocks Of Epoxy Resin. 10 Implant Analogs Received A Titanium Abutment, And 10 Implant Analogs Received A Zirconia Abutment. 20 E.max Press Crowns Were Constructed, 5 Crowns Cemented With Resin Cement, And 5 Cemented With Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement For Each Type Of Abutment. Each Sample Was Subjected To A Pull-out Test Using Bluehill Lite; Instron Instruments Universal Testing Machine With A Loadcell Of 5 KN.. Loads Required To Remove The Crowns Were Recorded, And Mean Values For Each Group Determined. Data Were Statistically Analyzed Using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 20 For Windows. T-test And Two-way ANOVA Samples. Result: The Mean Values �SD Of Loads At Failure (n -5) For Each Group Were As Follows In Newton (N): Resin-Titanium Group(A) 305.4�41.4, Resin Modified Glass Ionomer-Titanium Group(B) 164.3�21.7, Resin-Zirconia Group(C) 275.1�15.5, Resin Modified Glass Ionomer -Zirconia Group(D) 136.6�19.5 Groups A&C Were Statistically Significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: - There Was No Difference Between Titanium And Zirconia Abutments In Retention. - The Resin Cement Showed Better Retention Than Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement With Both Titanium And Zirconia Abutments. The Best Combination Was Using Resin Cement With Titanium Abutment. While, The Worst Combination Was Using Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement With Zirconia Abutment.